【精品】初中英语专题之名词(附带练习)

1、名词考点一 名词的数和格1、 名词的分类 名词按其所表示的事物的性质可分为可数名词和不可数名词。具体情况见下表：类别意义例词专有名词表示人、地方、事物、机构、组织等Lucy,the Greens,China普通名词可数名词个体名词表示个体的人或事物的词Teacher,dictionary,chair,book集体名词表示一群人或一些事物的词family,police,class,group,team不可数名词物质名词表示构成各种物体的物质或材料的词rice,glass,water,paper,air,wood,wool抽象名词表示状态、品质、行为、感情等抽象概念的词danger,health,

2、life,knowledge,love2、 可数名词的复数形式 1.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。构成名词复数的部分规则如下：情况构成方法读音例词一般情况加s在清辅音后读/s/在浊辅音和元音后读/z/在t后读/ts/在d后读/dz/cake-cakesday-days以s,x,sh,ch等结尾的词加es读/Iz/bus-buseswish-wishes以辅音字母加y结尾的词y改为i再加es读/z/baby-babies以元音字母加y结尾的词加s读/z/toy-toys以f(e)结尾的词变f(e)为v，再加es读/z/leaf-leaveslife-lives有些以f结尾的词，直接加s读/s/r

3、oof-roofsbelief-beliefs以o结尾的词加es读/z/potato-potatoestomato-tomatoes字母o前为元音字母加szoo-zoosradio-radioskangaroo-kangaroosbamboo-bamboos简写词加sphoto-photos外来词加spiano-pianos以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾的词加s读/Iz/face-faceshorse-horsessize-sizes不规则变化改变单数名词中的元音字母读音改变man-menwoman-womenfoot-feettooth-teeth单复数形式相同读音不变Sheep,de

4、er,Chinese,Japanese其他形式/maus/-/mais/mouse-mice 2.某国人变复数的规则： （1）中国人 Chinese-Chinese 日本人 Japanese-Japanese （2）英国人 Englishman-Englishmen 法国人 Frenchman-Frenchmen（3）美国人 American-Americans 阿拉伯人 Arab-Arabs 埃及人 Egyptian-Egyptians 德国人 German-Germans 澳大利亚人Australian-Australians 口诀： 中日不变英法变，其余s加后面3. 复合名词前面的名词是

5、man或woman，变复数时，构成复合名词的两个名词全部都要变成复数形式；如果是其他词，变复数时，只需把后面的名词变成复数形式Man teacher-men teachers，woman driver-women drivers，boy student-boy students，apple tree-apple trees4. 字母、数字、引语或缩略词的复数形式是在其后加s或sThere are two fs in the word”office”.Many VIPs are coming to our city.注意：（1）有些名词既可以作可数名词，又可作不可数名词，但意义不同不可数名词可数

6、名词fish鱼肉a fish一条鱼glass玻璃a glass一个玻璃杯paper纸a paper一份报纸tea茶a tea一杯茶wood木头a wood一片树林room空间a room一个房间（2） 有不少名词在汉语中是可数的，在英语中却不可数，比如：news,bread,cloth等。如果要表示“一”这一概念，就必须加a piece of一类的修饰语 A piece of news A piece of advice A piece of bread A piece of work A carton of milk A basket of food（3）有些名词以s结尾，但它们不是复数 p

7、hysics，maths，politics，news（4） “数词+名词（+形容词）”构成的复合形容词，其中的名词不能用复数形式，必须用单数形式 She is a five-year-old girl.(不能说five-years-old) a two-metre-long ruler3、 名词所有格 1.名词所有格表示名词之间的所有关系。有两种表示形式，一种是s所有格，另一种是of所有格 Beijing is Chinas capital.=Beijing is the capital of China. 2.用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系，这时只在最后一个名词后加s,但表示分别

8、拥有各自物品时两个名词后面都要加s 3.以s结尾的复数名词，在s后面加“”,不以s结尾的复数名词在词尾加s Teachers Day; Childrens Day 4.of所有格常用于表示无生命的东西 The door of the room；the leaves of the tree 5.双重所有格有两种形式：of+名词所有格；of+名词性物主代词 He is a friend of my brothers Is she a daughter of yours? 6.表示店铺、医院、诊所、住宅等名词，常在其后加上s表示全称 at the doctors=at the doctors off

9、ice 在诊所 7.表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词，也可以在词尾加“s”或“”构成所有格 Todays news; ten minutes ride/drive/walk 注意：（1）双重所有格与of所有格的区别 a friend of his mothers 他母亲的一位朋友（强调他母亲朋友中的一位） a friend of his mother 他母亲的一位朋友（强调这位是他母亲的朋友） （2）名词作定语时的形式 名词作定语时，一般用单数形式，但sports，clothes除外 paper tigers；work places；sports shoes随堂练习用所给词的适当形式填

10、空1. When the cat is away,the (mouse)will play happily.2. Those you admire very much are called (hero).3. Ive got a toothache,so I need to go to the (dentist).4. Its about twenty (minute)ride from my house to the city centre.1. mice 2.heroes 3.dentists 4.minutes考点二 名词词义辨析1、 family,house与homefamily指“家

11、、家庭”强调家庭中的全体成员，不指住房house指“住宅，家”强调房屋和居住点home作“家”讲时，指人们生活居住的地方，强调居住的范围和环境2、 job与workjob可数名词，指一项具体的工作，多指“零工”或“短工”work不可数名词，指“工作，劳动”3、 problem与questionproblem一般来说，problem总是与“困难”相联系，它可以指社会问题、教学问题，这种问题是有待解决的，与之搭配的动词是solvequestion总是与“疑问、质问、询问”相联系，这种问题是有待回答的，常与ask，answer等连用4、 voice,noise与soundvoice指人的嗓音nois

12、e指吵闹声，不悦耳、不和谐的嘈杂声sound指人所听到的自然界的任何声音5、 cause,reason与excusecause指造成一种事实或现象的“原因、起因”，后接介词ofreason说明一种看法或行为的“理由”，后接介词forexcuse指借口，辩解6、 journey，trip与traveljourney可指海陆空的旅行，常指距离较远的旅行，强调往返性trip指短时间、短距离的旅行，强调往返性，与journey可互换使用travel泛指旅游，不侧重往返性，可以是单程旅行突破方法方法1 语义优先原则在解题时语义应优先于语法考虑方法2 语境优先原则把名词放在语境中进行学习，排除汉语干扰项是

13、做好名词辨析题的关键专题练习一、词形变化 1The computer is considered as one of the most important (invent) in the 20th century 2There are quite a few (tomato) in these two (photo) 3After some (1ead) visit to the village，they reached an agreement 4Sometimes it requires courage to tell the (true) 5Hurry up! The (intervie

14、w) have been there for 10 minutes 6We are planning to have an interview with the (win) of the football game 7The sun gives us (hot) and 1ightNothing can live without the sun 8Mike has been used to the school life and has made great (achieve) 9Fathers (silent) showed that he was very angry at what I

15、did10She refused to join our (discuss) and finished her paper alone二、根据句意和汉语注释，写出单词的正确形式1Jim likes listening to music and enjoys watching all kinds of music (视频) in his spare time2The best gift is to let your parents see your (进步) in your studies。3Every year some people would like to work in the (东北

16、方) of China4One of the (长处) of living in the city center is that you can buy almost everything you want5A (调查) has shown that more than half of the children like US TV series best6The (决定) you have made dont seem so goodYou need to think twice7They made a (选择) to light up 999 candles to mourn (哀悼) t

17、he death of the brave firemen8The students standing in front of the library are all (非洲人)9Bill Gates is a great man of (财富) and influence in the world10We must have the (勇气) to face all the difficulties in our lives三、单项填空( ) 1While she was in Paris，she developed a for fine art Away Btaste Crelations

18、hip Dhabit( ) 2The whole trip cost about three thousand dollars Athe Smiths B. Smiths Cthe Smiths Dthe Smith( ) 3一I am going to CarrefourLet me get you some fresh fruit Thanks for your Its so nice of you Aoffer Bplan Cadvice Dinformation( ) 4Father went to his doctor for about his hearing trouble th

19、is morning Aan advice Bsome advices Csome suggestion Dsome advice( ) 5Can you see a little in the picture? 一Yes，behind the trei.Adogs Bhorses Csheep Dducks( ) 6I need moneyWould you lend me ? Aa bit; some Ba bit of; some Ca little；any Da little of：some( ) 7Lucy tried her best to find a good job in t

20、he city，but she had no Atrouble Btime Ccourage D1uck( ) 8Im tiredThis is not the right to ask me to go for a walk Achance Bmoment Cplace Dseason( ) 9Stop talking，pleaseIve got to tell you Aa good news Bso good news Cplenty of good news Da number of news( )10I am sure Cindy will be able to find the b

21、us stationshe has a pretty good of direction Aidea Bfeeling Cexperience Dsense( )11What is in the cupboard? A few ，but little Aapples；coffee Bcoffee；apples Capple；coffees Dcoffees；apple( )12If Peter comes for me，please ask him to leave a A1etter Bsentence Cmessage Dnotice( )13There are more than 50

22、and two in our schoo1 Aman teachers；school shops Bwoman teachers；school shops Cwomen teachers；schools shops Dmen teachers；school shops( )14The NIKE bag is not the right for me You are very luckyThis bag is on sale now Amaterial Bsize Cprice Dstyle( )15Its over from Shanghai to our city Atwo hoursdri

23、ve Btwohours drive Ctwo hoursdrives Dtwohour drives ( )l6Your grandfather is always full of Do you know the secret？ 一Well，he takes exercise every morning and keeps healthy diets Aforce Bpower Cstrength Denergy( )17一Dad，Ive got full marks in English Listening and Speaking Test 一Great! And Im sure you

24、 will do better because this is a good Away Bstart Creport Dskill ( )18During the break，I usually have and two pieces of bread Aa cup of half milk B. a half cup milk Chalf a cup of milk Dhalf a milk cup( )19With the help of his friends，he has changed a lotMaybe thats the of friendship Astation Bmagic Cdecision Dinvention( )20Huaxi Village is the of our country and were of it Apride；proud B. proud; pride Cproud；proud D. pride；pride( )21I have great in 1earning physics and I am worriedCould