高中英语非谓语动词解题技巧及练习题(含答案)及解析

1、高中英语非谓语动词解题技巧及练习题（ 含答案 ） 及解析一、单项选择非谓语动词1 Did Peter fix the computer himself? He ,because he doesn t know much about computers.A has it fixedB had fixed itC had it fixedD fixed it【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查固定短语。句意： Peter 自己修的电脑吗？ 他让别人修的，因为他不太懂电脑。 have sb. done 是过去分词作宾语补足语，表示“使 （让，请）别人做某事”。根据所提供的情景because he does

2、n ' t know much about computers"判断出他找别人维修了电脑。故选C。2 With the homework , the students can go to have a picnic.A being done B doneC doing D to do【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：做完作业后，学生们就可以去野餐了。此处是with 的复合结构，homework 和动词 do 是被动关系，用过去分词表被动，指作业被做，过去分词在句中作宾补。故选B。【名师点睛】with 复合结构“withM合结构”也是独立主格结构的一种，同样十分重要。在句

3、中表示 原因，结果，伴 随，方式”等情况。（1）with + 宾语 + 形容词The children were listening to the teacher with their eyes wide open. （表伴随）（2）with + 宾语+ 介词短语The old man used to take a walk with a stick in his hand. （表方式）（3）with + 宾语+ 副词The proud girl walked away with her head up. （表方式）（4）with + 宾语+ 现在分词Mary felt very shy wi

4、th so many eyes looking at her. （表原因）（5）with + 宾语+ 过去分词If you sit looking away from a person, or with your back turned, you are saying you are not interested in that person. （表方式）本题就是考查此结构，homework 和动词 do 是被动关系，用过去分词表被动，指作业被做，过去分词在句中作宾补。（6）with + 宾语 + 不定式With too much work to do the next day, he fel

5、t anxious and didn（表原因） t sleep well.一般说来，with 复合结构放在句末多表示伴随状况；若放在句首，则多表示“原因 ”或 “条件 ”，例如：With her mother away from home, the little girl felt lonely. 由于她妈妈不在家，这个女孩感到 很孤单。With the guide leading the way, I had no difficulty finding their village. 因为向导带路，我没怎 么费事就找到了他们的村子。3 Workers have been working thr

6、ough the night the bridge safe.A made B to makeC being made D having made【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了使桥安全工人们整夜地工作。此处用动词不定式作目的状语，故选B。4 On the third floor there are two rooms, used as a meeting-room.A the larger of whichB one of themC and a larger of themD the largest one of which【答案】B【解析】考查过去分词的独立主格结构。句意：三

7、楼有两个房间，其中一个被用作会议室。如果选A 项，是非限制性定语从句，从句应该用一般过去时态的被动语态，此处used 是过去分词，所以A错；如果选C项，中间加and表明是并列句，the+比较级，才表示 两个当中更大的 ”，故 C 项错；因为是两个房间，不可能出现最高级，故D 项错；只有选B 项是过去分词的独立主格结构，符合题意。【名师点睛】非谓语动词的独立主格结构一、独立主格结构的概念独立主格结构（Absolute Structure ）是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，

8、它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。二、独立主格结构基本构成形式名词（代词）+现在分词（过去分词；形容词；副词；不定式；名词；介词短语）1. 名词（代词）+现在分词There being no bus, we had to walk home. 由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。2. 名词（代词）+过去分词The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved. 由于工人们的生活条件大大提高，他们工作得更起劲了

9、。3. 名词（代词）+不定式在 “名词 /代词 +动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，动词不定式则用主动的形式；如果是动宾关系，则用被动形式。The four of us agreed on a division of labor, each to translate a quarter of the book. 我们四人同 意分工干，每人翻译全书的四分之一。5. （北京）The national park has a large collection of wildlife, from butterflies toelephants.A rangin

10、gB rangeC to rangeD ranged【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：国家公园有许多的野生动物，包括从蝴蝶到大象等等。此处野生动物和range 之间是主动关系，用现在分词，故选A。考点：考查非谓语动词。名师点睛现在分词和过去分词的区别：在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义；在时间上，现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行或者与谓语动词同时发生，过去分词表示的动作已经完成或没有一定的时间性。如：falling leaves正在下落的树叶fallen leaves已经落在地上的树叶分词的作用作定语单个分词作定语，分词前置。如：The sleeping boy is my s

11、on.The excited people rushed into the building.分词短语作定语，分词后置；分词修饰不定代词something 等要后置；个别分词如give，left 等作定语也后置。如：The girl standing under the tree is my niece.The building built last year is our library.过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。如：Most ofthe people invited to the party were famous scientists作状语 现在

12、分词和过去分词在句中可以作时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件、结果等状语。Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.As I didn t receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.（ 条件 ）Walking along the street, I r

13、an across my old friend.Bitten by a snake, he was taken to hospital（原因）.Though defeated, he didn ' t losetheMr）.（He lay on the grass, looking into the sky.（伴随）He came running to tell me the good news.（ 方式）注意：选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是由主句的主语发出，分（Being） Used for a 10ng time, the book 100ks 01d.

14、由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。Using the book, I find it useful.在使用的过程中， 我发现这本书很有用。分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致，如果不一致，就用独立主格结构，即在分词前加上它的逻辑主语。现在分词的完成式主要用于作状语，一般不用作定语。现在分词作表语多表示主语具有的特征，过去分词作表语多指主语所处的状态。如：The film is touching.The glass is broken.作宾语补足语分词和不定式一样，在一些感官动词或使役动词后作宾语补足语。如：I smell something burning.I heard him s

15、inging the song.I heard my name called.作插入语其结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。generally speaking 般说来talking of （speaking of）说至 Ustrictly speaking 严格地说judging from 从。判断all things considered 从整体来看 taking all things into consideration 全面看来。如： Judging from his face, he must be ill.从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。Generally speaking,

16、dogs can run faster than pigs.总的来说， 狗比猪跑得快。6. G匕京）Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time with his students.A. to spendB. spendC. spendingD. spent【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意： Jim已经退休了，但是他依然记得和学生一起度过的快乐时光。句子已经有了谓语，空格只能填非谓语动词，逻辑主语是time,和spend之间是被动关系，故用过去分词 spento故选D项。7. I got to the office

17、earlier that day,the 7 : 30 train from Paddington.B to have caughtD having caughtA caught C to catch 【答案】D【解析】 【分析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：那天我早到了办公室，因为赶上了7:30 那趟来自帕丁顿的火车。分析句子可知，catch 用非谓语动词形式，catch 发生在 got 之前，应该用完成式，与主语I是主动关系，用现在分词的完成时，having caught表示原因，相当于 because引导的原因状语从句。故选D。8. 114. - My car is making a r

18、eally strange noise. You' d better get it before yoivdito Denver.A looking at B looked atC to look at D being looked at【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意： 我的汽车发出奇怪的噪音。 你最好在开车去丹佛之前让人检查一下。get+宾语+宾补。汽车和检查是被动关系，用过去分词作宾补，故选 B。9 Recently a survey prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has causedheate

19、d debate among citizens.A comparedB comparingC comparesD being compared【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：最近，一项对两家不同超市的同种商品价格进行比较的调查在市民中引起了激烈的争论。分析句子结构可知，该句的主语是a survey,谓语动词是hascaused,宾语是heated debate。可见，句子结构是完整的，因此我们要选择的只能是非谓 语动词形式。survey 与 compare 之间存在主动关系，因此用现在分词短语作后置定语。故选B。10 Peter was so excited he receiv

20、ed an invitation from his friendChongqing.A that; to visit B when; to visit C that; visiting D when; visiting 【答案】BWhen【解析】 考查不定式和状语从句。句意：彼得收到朋友邀请他访问重庆的请帖时激动不已。引导时间状语从句，that引导结果状语从句；to visit限定invitation做后置定语。Visiting限 定friend做后置定语，句意改变了。选B。11 Jenny hopes that Mr Smith will suggest a good way to have

21、 her written English ina short period.A. improvedB. improvingC. to improveD. improve【答案】A【解析】宾语written English与improve之间为动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾补。12 Tom took a taxi to the airport, only his plane high up in the sky.A. findingB. to findC. being foundD. to have found【答案】B【解析】试题分析：考查不定式做结果状语。句意：Tom打的去了机场，结果却发现他要

22、乘坐的飞机已经在空中了。不定式做状语时表示意料之外的结果。结合句意可知本题是一种意料之 外的结果，故B正确。考点：考查不定式做结果状语13 the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times.A. Working outB. Worked outC. To work outD. Work out【答案】C【解析】试题分析：考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：为了解出那道数学难题，我已经向Russell教授咨询过好几次了。非谓语动词中只有不定式可作目的状语，题干中缺少目的状语，故选Co【知识拓展】不定

23、式在句子中可作什么状语？1）目的状语。Toonly to仅仅为了），in order to, so as to, so（such）如此-as便（如：He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。I come here only tosay good-bye to you.我来仅仅是向你告别。2）作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。如： What have I said to make you angry ?我说什么让您生气了 ?He searched the room only to find nothing.他搜查了

24、房间什么也没找到。3）表原因。如：I'm sorry to hear your father is ill听说你父亲病了很难过。考点：考查非谓语动词的用法。【名师点睛】本题考查不定式作目的状语。本题与2014年四川卷第7题相似一Goodidea.To find more about it, visit this website.这里是动词不定式形式的非谓语动词做目的状语。 非谓语动词是高考的重要考点。一般现在分词表示主动的关系，而过去分词表示被动的关系，动词不定式的用法很多，通常是跟在一个动词后面形成的固定结构，能够分辨出具体试题中的关系就可以轻松解题。14 by the advanc

25、es in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.A Being encouragedB EncouragingC EncouragedD Having encouraged【答案】C【解析】试题分析：考查过去分词做状语：句意：被科技的进步鼓舞着，很多农民在自己的土地上建起了风力发电厂。逗号前面的是非谓语动词做状语，encourage 和这句话的主语manyfarmers 是被动关系，用过去分词做状语，选C。考点：考查过去分词做状语15 The airport next year will help prom

26、ote tourism in this area.A being completedB to be completedC completedD having been completed【答案】B【解析】试题分析：考查非谓语动词。此处to be completed 表将来、被动。句意：将于明年建成的机场会有助于促进这个地区的旅游业。【名师点睛】这是考查非谓语动词做定语的用法，句中关键词next year 说明动作是将要发生。而 The airport 和 complete 是被动关系，用不定式的被动做定语。16 that she was going off to sleep, I asked

27、if she like that little doll on hder bed.A SeeingB To seeC SeeD Seen【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。本句的主语是I, I与See的意义的逻辑关系是主动，也就是Seeing才能表示主语与非谓语的主动”的逻辑关系。17 China s Chang e 4 robotic probe entered lunar orbit on Wednesday, a major stepin its mission t o make a soft landing on the moon s far side.A markingB to

28、markC having markedD marked【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：周三，中国的嫦娥4 号机器人探测器进入月球轨道，标志着它在月球远端软着陆任务中迈出了重要一步。逗号前是主句，逗号后是非限制性定语，修饰整个主句，结合句意，主句和 mark之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作定语，A选项正确。【点睛】不定式和现在分词均可用结果状语，但两者用法有区别：现在分词用作结果状语，通常表示一种自然的结果，即属预料之中的事；不定式用作结果状语，主要表示没有预料到的情 况或结果，即属预料之外的事。18 Mrs. Taylor went around the shops, what

29、she thought was necessary.A orderedB orderingC to have orderedD having been ordered【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查现在分词。句意：泰勒太太逛了商店，订购了她认为必要的东西。分析句子可知，Mrs. Taylor 与 order 在逻辑上是主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故选B 项。19 ,the student insists that he be separated from his desk-mate,who is naughty.A To avoid being affectedB To avoid to b

30、e affectedC Avoiding being affectedD Avoiding to be affected【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了避免受到影响，这些学生坚持要求他应该和他同桌分开，（因为）他同桌非常的淘气。固定短语avoid doing sth 避免做某事 “”，如果为被动，则为avoid being done,由此排除B、D；从句意来看，逗号前面部分应该是目的状语。而放句首的目的状语一般就是不定式，而不是现在分词。由此排除C,故选Ao【点睛】avoid 是高中要求四会的词，考生必须记牢它的用法，此题是综合考查题，既考查了非谓语动词的用法同时又考了av

31、oid 的用法，这是高考命题的趋势。insist 的宾语从句的用法一般分为两种情况：1 ）如果 insist 翻译为 “坚持说 /坚持认为”，且宾语从句的动作为已经发生的情况，此时宾语从句采用正常的陈述语气。如： He insisted that he was right. 他坚持说/认为他是对的。2）如果insist 翻译为 “坚决主张/要求”，即宾语从句的动作当时尚未发生，此时宾语从句必须采用虚拟语气，构成为从句谓语动词用“ （should） +动词原形”，其中 should 可以省略。如： He insisted that he （should） be praised for what

32、he had done.3）此题中的insist 所引导的宾语从句采用了虚拟语气，即he be separated. = he should beseparated.20 You are supposed to leave your child A doBC being doneD【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动词用法。句意：你应该让你的孩子自己做作业。该题考查人去做某事”，应该用leave 的复合结构sb./sth. done 意为 “使得某人/物被his homework alone.to dodone该题考查 leave的用法。表示让某leaveleave sb. to do sth.

33、，没有 leave sb. do 结构； 。 B 选项正确。21 When caught in the exam, he begged for the teacher s pardon and tried punishment.A cheating; escaping B to be cheating; to escapeC cheating; to escape D to be cheating; escaping【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在考试作弊被抓着的时候，他乞求老师原谅并试图逃脱惩罚。根据句意可知，抓住的时候正在作弊，现在分词表进行，因此，第一空用cheatin

34、g 形式， tryto do sth 试图做某事，这是个固定用法。故选C。22 their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.A To throwB ThrownC Being thrownD Throwing【答案】D【解析】【分析】【详解】考查现在分词做状语。句意：获胜球队的粉丝把帽子扔到天空，他们发出胜利的欢呼。分析句子结构可知，逗号前的部分充当状语，故用非谓语动词，the fans 和 throw 是主动关系，故用现在分词形式，故选D。23 Beijing Ope

35、ra to the basic education in China is a big step to promotetraditional art.A Adding B AddedC Add D Having added【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查动名词做主语。句意：把京剧加入到中国基础教育中是提升传统艺术的一大步。根据句意可知句子缺主语，故用动名词做主语。故选A。24 Volunteering gives you a chance lives, including your own.A changeB changingC changedD to change【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查

36、非谓语动词。句意：做志愿者工作给你一个改变生活的机会，包括你自己的生活。名词 chance 后面通常用动词不定式作后置定语。故选D。25 I looked up and noticed a snake its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.A to windB windC windingD wound【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我抬头向上看，注意到一条蛇正在蜿蜒向树上爬来获取它的早餐。分析句子可知，wind its way 作宾语补足语，winding its way 与宾语 snake 之间为主动关系且此动作正在进行，故选C

37、。26 Students surf the internet more information about the university they are dreamtof.A found B findingC having found D to find【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：学生们上网是为了找到他们理想大学的更多的信息。此处表示目的用不定式，指上网的目的。故选D。27 （北京 ）the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.A CatchingB CaughtC To catchD

38、Catch【答案】C【解析】【详解】C。考查非谓语动词。句意：为了赶上早班的飞机，我们提前叫了出租车并且起得很早。这里逻辑主语是we,空中用不定式作目的状语，表示提前交出租车并且早起的目的。故选【名师点睛】此题应抓住逻辑主语与从句的关系，然后从句意中看出句子中缺少的成份，可以知道这里用不定式做目的状语，意思是为了：学生需要注意非谓语动词中现在分词、过去分词、不定式和各种动词在句子中做的成份，才可以做好此类题。28 Distinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school, the ceremony of the 50thAnniversar

39、y this morning are our alumni （校友）from home and abroad.A AttendB To attendC AttendingD Having attended【答案】C【解析】主句 .Distinguished guests and friends are our alumni （校友）from home and abroad.Attending the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning 非谓语动词作伴随状语。29 In response to the citizens concern, t

40、he government claimed measures to attend tothe increasingly serious smog in the past two months.A taking B to takeC having taken D to have taken【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查固定结构。句意：为了回应市民的担忧，政府声称在过去的两个月里已经采取措施来应对日益严重的雾霾。claim to do 声称，该用法是固定用法，“过去的动作或状态持续到现在并且已经完成”用现在完成时，故选D。30 to work overtime that evening,I mis

41、sed a wonderful film.A Having been asked B To askC Having asked D To be asked【答案】A【解析】试题分析：由于那天晚上被要求加班，我错过了一场精彩的电影“，主语 我”和动词ask之间是动宾关系，要用过去分词，“被要求加班”这一动作发生在动作missed 之前，要用过去分词的完成式 having been asked, A项正确；B项to ask是动词不定式，表示目的或将要发 生的动作，不正确； C项having asked是现在分词的完成式，不正确； D项to be asked是动 词不定式的被动形式，不符合语境，故选

42、A。考点：考查非谓语动词31 Japan has recently announced that it will restart commercial whaling, greatconcern and controversy throughout the world.A to cause B causing C having caused D to have caused【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查现在分词。句意：日本最近宣布将重新开始商业捕鲸，引起了全世界的极大关注和争议。分析句子可知，cause 与前面句子的意思在逻辑上是主动关系，所以用现在分词causing。故B选项正确。【点睛】非

43、谓语动词是考试考查的重点，要掌握它的用法。首先，要弄清楚填空处要填的是非谓语。其次，要知道非谓语动词的三种形式：现在分词表示主动进行、过去分词表示被动完成、动词不定式表示目的和将要。再次，要知道非谓语动作与谓语动作是同时发生还是先后发生，还是将要发生。其中分词做状语的考查尤为重要。分析句子可知，cause与前面句子的意思在逻辑上是主动关系，所以用现在分词causing 作伴随状语。故B 选项正确。32 the housing price, several measures have been adopted in the last two years.A LoweringB Having lo

44、weredC To lowerD To have lowered【答案】C【解析】试题分析：考查不定式，不定式表示目的，句子意思“为了降低房子的价格，在过去的两年里一些办法已经被采纳”考点：考查不定式点评：动词不定式的基本用法：动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用。同时还要注意动词不定式的被动语态用法：如果动词不定式的逻辑主语为这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般就用被动语态形式，如：Wh at is to be done next hasn t been decided yet.即学即练：It s too late. Go to be

45、d right away. Forget you need to get up as early as you canthe early train?A. catch B. catching C. caught D. to catch选D33 Tony, would you go and see if Sam has any difficulty his tape recorder?A to fix B fixingC for fixing D fix【答案】B【解析】考查短语：have difficulty (in )doing sth 做什么事情有困难，句意：托尼，你去看看萨姆再修他的录音

46、机方面有困难吗？所以选B。34 Time, correctly, is money in the bank.A to useB usedC usingD use【答案】B【解析】本题考察非谓语动词。根据句子结构，所填成分是对主句的补充说明，因此只能是作状语。再根据非谓作状主语应与主句一致原则，判断出use 与主语 time 之间为被动，因此直接得出答案Bo句意：时间，如果使用得当的话，就是存在银行里的钱。35 By no means when we try to create a global brand.A the cultural factor is to neglectB is the cultural factor to neglectC the cultural factor is to be neglectedD is the cultural factor to be neglected【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查倒装句型及语态。句意：在打造国际品牌的过程中，文化因素绝对不容忽视。By nomeans绝不”位于句首时，后面需要部分倒装，因此将 is提前；文化因素是被忽略的，应用被动语态。故选D。36 I remembered the door before I left the office