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1、四种时态总结一、一般现在时标志词:always( 总是 ) usually( 通常 ) often( 经常 ) sometimes( 有时 ) never( 从不 ) every( 每一 )行为动词词型变化形式一般现在时动词只有第三人称有词形变化,其他人称(第一人称:I, we ;第二人称:you ;第三人称复数:they 、 my friends )动词均用原形当主语是第三人称单数时,一般动词在一般现在时句子中的变化规律:1 、多数在动词后加s play playslike likes ,2、以 s, x, sh, ch, o 结尾的动词力口 eswash - washes catch -

2、catches do - does3 、以辅音字母加y 结尾,把y 改 i 再加 esfly flies study studies4、以元音字母加y结尾,直接加s buy - buys5、不规则变化have has一般现在时基本用法功能1. 表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如: The sky is blue. 天空是蓝色的。2. 表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如: I get up at six every day. 我每天六点起床。3. 表示客观现实。如: The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。The earth is round.构成1 . be 动词:

3、主语+be(am,is,are)+ 其它。如: I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。2 .行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如: We study English. 我们学习英语。句型肯定句 : A.be 动词:主语+ be + 其它成分He is a worker.B.行为动词:主语+动词(注意人称变化)+其它成分We like the little cat.否定句 : A.be 动词:主语+ be + not + 其它成分They are not students.8. 行为动词:主语+助动词 (do/does) + not +动词原形+其它成分We don t like the li

4、ttle cat.一般疑问句: A.be 动词: Am / Is /Are +主语 + 其它成分Are you a teacher? Yes, I am. / No, I am not.Are they students of your school.Yes they are / No they aren,t.B. 行为动词:助动词(Do/Does) +主语 +动词原形+ 其它成分Do you like it? Yes, I do. / No. I don t .Does he(she) like it? Yes, he( she )does. / No, he ( she )doesn t.

5、特殊疑问句:疑问词+ 一般疑问句A.be 动词: How many students are there in your school?B. 行为动词:What do you usually do on Sunday?一般现在时动词 be和have的变化形式1 .动词Be叫连系动词,用法:第一人称单数用am,第三人称单数用is,其它人称用are。2 .动词have的用法:第三人称单数用has以外,其它人称一律用have。如:注意事项 1.在英国,人们常用have got代替have ,特别在疑问句和否定句中。2.当have如果不表示 宥”时,构成疑问或否定句时,就借助于助动词do, does如

6、:I have a new pen .否:I have not a new pen.( 表示有)I have lunch at 12 o'clock.否:I don 't have lunch at 12 o'clock.(表示吃).现在进行时:标志,BJ: now, look, listen , It '+ 时间.现在进行时:表示正在进行的、发生的动作基本结构:beam isare+动词 ing肯定句:主语 + be动词(am, are, is)+现在分词(ing ) +其他 I am watching TV.否定句:主语 + be动词+ not +现在分词(

7、ing ) +其他 I am not watching TV.一般疑问句:Be动词(Am, Are, Is) +主语+现在分词(ing ) +其他Are you watching TV? Yes, I am. / No, I am not.特殊疑问句:疑问词+ 一般疑问句What are you doing ?动词的-ing形式的变化规律:1 . 直接力口 -ingwatch watching clean cleaning2 .以-y 结尾的动词,直接加 -ingstudy studying play playing3 .以不发音的-e 结尾的动词,先去 -e 再加-ingmake makin

8、gcome coming4 .末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词,双写末尾字母,再加 -ing cut cutting三、一般将来时的用法:表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态,或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。(后天),next (下一个),(将来),soon (不久)等(2 ) will+动词原形标志tBJ: tomorrow (明天),the day after tomorrowfrom now on(从现在开始), in the future结构:(1 ) be (am,is ,are ) +going to+ 动词原形“be going to +动词原形(打算 )"

9、;= "will+动词原形(将,会 )I m going to study tomorrow. I will study tomorrow.( be going to 着重于事先考虑好will 未事先考虑好) 一般不用考虑肯定句:主语+ be (am, are, is) going to + 动词原形.主语 + will + 动词原形否定句:主语+ be (am, are, is) not going to + 动词原形.主语 + won t + 动词原形.一般疑问句:Be (Am, Are, Is) + 主语 + going to + 动词原形?Will + 主语 + 动词原形?特

10、殊疑问句:疑问词+ 一般疑问句?注意: will 常简略为'll ,并与主语连写在一起,如:I'll , he'll , it'll , we'll , you'll , they'll 。四、一般过去时标志词:yesterday( 昨天 ), last ( 上一个 ), this morning (今天早上),ago( 以前 ),before (在一之前),in 2002(在 2002 年)等用法:表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作动词过去式变化规则:1 一般在动词末尾加-

11、ed如: watch-watched, cook-cooked2 结尾是e 加 d如: taste-tasted3末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed ,如:stop-stopped4 .以“辅音字母 +y”结尾的,变 y为i, 再加-ed ,如:study-studied5 . 不规贝U动词过去式:am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave句型:1 、 Be 动词 在一般过去时中的变化: am 和 is 变为 was 。 否定( was not=wasn t) are 变为 w

12、ere 。 否定( were not=weren t)否定句:在was 或 were 后加 not一般疑问句:把was 或 were 调到句首。2 、 行为动词在一般过去时中的变化否定句:didn t + 动词原形如: Jim didn t go home yesterday.一般疑问句:在句首加Did ,句子中的动词过去式变回原形如: Did Jim go home yesterday?特殊疑问句:(1 )疑问词+did+ 主语+动词原形?如 : What did Jim do yesterday?( 2 )疑问词当主语时:疑问词+ 动词过去式?如: Who went to home yes

13、terday?附录:小学常用不规则动词过去式一、不规则动词的过去式的构成1 .把动词原形中的i改为a,变成过去式。如:begin began, drink drank, give gave, ring rang , sing sang, sit sat , swim swam2 .把重读开音节中的i改为o,变成过去式。如:drive drove, ride rode, write wrote3 .改动词原形中的aw /ow为ew,变成过去式。如:draw drew, grow grew, know knew, throw threw (动 词 show 除外,show showed)4 .动词

14、原形中的e改为o,变成过去式。如:get got , forget forgot5 .动词原形中的ee改为e,变成过去式。如:feed fed , meet met6 .动词原形中的eep改为ept,变成过去式。如:keep kept , sleep slept , sweep swept7 .动词原形中的eak改为oke,变成过去式。如:break broke , speak spoke8 动词原形中的ell 改为 old ,变成过去式。如:sell sold , tell told9 .动词原形中的an改为oo,变成过去式。如:stand stood , understand unders

15、tood10 以ought 和 aught 结尾,且读音是:t 的过去式。如:bring brought ,buybought , think thought , catch caught ,teach taught11 .以ould结尾且读音为ud的情态动词过去式。如:can could , shall should , will would12 .把动词原形中的o改为a,变成过去式。如:come came, become became13 在动词原形后加d 或 t 变成过去式,并且发生音变。如:hear hi heard h :d , say sei said sed , mean mi:

16、n meant ment14动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如:let let , must must, put put, read read red .不规则动词表过去式amwasarewerebecome became beginbeganbreakbrokebringbroughtbuildbuiltbuyboughtcancouldcatchcaughtcome came cut cut do/does did draw drew drink drank drive drove eatatefeelfeltfind found flyflewforget forgot getgotgive

17、gavegowenthave/has had hearheardhidehidiswaskeepkeptknowknewleave left let let loselostmakemademaymightmeanmeantmeetmetputputreadread /e/rideroderingrang中文释义 是(表示存在、状态等) 是(表示存在、状态等) 成为;变成 开始 打破 拿来;取来;带来 构筑;建造;建筑 购买;买 可以;能;可能;会获捕 5) 剪等 ;动船 J期行车到 ;I来割干 卜 ? ? ?赶来切做画喝;饮开车;驾驶吃感到;觉得寻找;查找飞行忘记;忘却变得给;授予去得(病)

18、;患(病);有;吃;饮听见;听说隐藏是(表示存在、状态等)保持;使保持某种状态知道;了解离去;出发允许;让失去;丧失使;促使;迫使;做;制作可能;可以表示的意思;作的解释遇见;相逢放;摆;装读;阅读骑(铃)响riserose上升runran跑;奔跑saysaid说;讲seesaw看见sendsent发送;寄;派;遣setset放, 置showshowed出小;给看shutshut关上(门、盖、窗户等)singsang唱;唱歌sitsat坐sleepslept睡;睡觉speakspoke说;说话swimswam游泳taketook搭乘;花费(时间);拿走;带到teachtaught教;讲授tel

19、ltold告诉;讲述thinkthought想;思考willwould将要winwon赢;获胜writewrote书写小学英语语法(词性)总结一、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法:当两种物体之间相互比较时,我们要用形容词或副词的比较级;当相互比较的物体是三个或三个以上时, 用形容词或副词的最高级。比较级二者比较,标志词:than最tWj级三者以上比较,标志词:the形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的变化规律:1 .单音节形容词或副词后面直接加-er 或-est tall taller tallest fast faster fastest2 . 以-e 结尾的单音节形容词或副词直接加-r 或-s

20、t large larger largest nice nicer nicest3 .以-y结尾的形容词或副词,改-y为-i再加-er或-estbusy busier busiest early earlier earliest4 .形容词或副词是重读闭音节时,双写最后的辅音字母,再加 -er或-esthot hotter hottest5 .多音节形容词或副词前面直接加more 或 most beautiful more beautiful most beautiful6 . 以 ly 结尾的副词一般力口more 或 most slowly more slowly most slowly7

21、.不规则变化good (well)- better-bestbad (badly)-worse-worstlittle-less-leastfar-farther-further many (much ) - more most形容词、副词的比较级和最高级用法:比较级:1、形容词: 物体A + am / are / is + 形容词比较级 + than + 物体BI am taller than you. This picture is more beautiful than that one.2、副词:物体A +行为动词+副词比较级 + than + 物体B.He studies bette

22、r than me.最高级:1、形容词:物体 A + am / are / is + the + 形容词最高级 +比较范围(of +人/物,in +地方)I am the tallest in the class.Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.2、副词:物体 A +行为动词+副词最高级 +比较范围(of +人/物,in +地方).Cheetahs run fastest in the world.He studies best of us.表示两者对比相同:主语+谓语+as+形容词/副词原形+as +从句This box is a

23、s big as mine. This coat is not so/as cheap as that one.I study English as hard as my brother.英语比较级和最高级练习(一)1.A pig is _ than a dog.A. much heavy B. more heavierC much heavier D. more heavy2. Which is _ season in Beijing?I think it ' spring.A. good B. well C. best D. the best3. The city is becom

24、ing.A. more beautiful and moreB. more beautiful and beautifulC. more and more beautifulD. more beautiful and beautifuler4 .Which does Alice like , Chinese or Art?A. well B. best C. better D. much5 .The Changjiang River is one of in the world.A. the longest river B. longest riversC. the longest river

25、s D. longer rivers6 .LiMing speaks Chinese better than me.A. very B. more C. a lot of D. much7 .There are boys in Class Two than in Class Four.A. more B. many C. most D. best8 .Who has oranges now, Jim, Lily or Lucy?A. much B. biggest C. better D. the most9 .Mother is in my family.A. busy B. busier

26、C. the busiest D. more10 .No one is Lucy in the class.A. so tallest as B. as taller asC. so high as D. as tall as(二)写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式:long wide fatheavy slow fewbrightly-bably farquickly happy-unhappy(三)用所给词的正确形式填空:1. Of the two girls, I find Lucy the(clever).2. Gold(黄金)is(little) useful than iro

27、n(铁).3. My sister is two years(old ) than I.4. John ' s parents have four daughters, and she is the(young) child.5. The(cheap) bags are the not usually the best ones.6. The short one is by farexpensive of the five.7. The boy is not so(interesting) as his brother.8. Dick sings(well), she sings(we

28、ll) than John, but Marysings(well) in her class.9. She will be much(happy) in her mew house.10. This dress isthat.(twice, asas- -, expensive)参考答案:(一)C D C C C D A D C D(二)longer longest wider widestfatter fattest heavier heaviestslower slowest fewer fewestmore brightly, most brightlyworse, worstfurt

29、her,furthestmore quickly, most quicklyhappier happiest(三)cleverunhappier unhappiestlessOlderyoungestCheapestthe mostInterestingwell, better, the bestHappiertwice as expensive as必须和其他动词一起构成谓语二、情态动词can 能够,会may 可以shall 将,要should 应该must必须have ( has ) to 不得不had better 最好情态动词的用法:情态动词肯定句否定句can主语+ can + 动词原

30、形主语+ can + not +动词原形may主语+ may + 动词原形主语+ may + not +动词原形shall主语+ shall + 动词原形主语+ shall + not +动词原形should主语+ should + 动词原形主语+ should + not +动词原形must主语+ must + 动词原形主语+ must + not +动词原形have ( has )to主语+ have ( has ) to + 动词原形主语+ dont ( doesnt ) +have ( has ) to +动词原形had better主语+ had better + 动词原形主语+ h

31、ad better + not +动词原形情态动词疑问句肯定回答定回答否定回答canCan + 主语 + 动词原形?Yes,can.No, can' t.mayMay + 主语+动词原形? Yes,may. / Sure.No,may not.shallShall + 主语 + 动词原形? Yes, please. / All right.No, let s not.shouldShould +主语+动词原形?Yes,should.No,shouldn ' t.mustMust + 主语 + 动词原形?Yes,must.No,needn' t.have ( has )t

32、oDo (does)+ 主语 +Yes,do (does).No,don t (doesn have to + 动词原形?情态动词的定义:情态动词有词义,但它不能单独作谓语,它情态动词没有人称和数的变化,后加动词原形。t).had better三、名词复数规则1. . 一般情况下,直接力口 -s ,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2. 以 s. x. sh. ch 结尾,力口-es , 如: bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3. 以 “辅音字母 +y” 结尾,变 y 为 i,

33、 再加-es , 如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries4. 以"f或fe"结尾,变f或fe为v,再加-es ,如:knife-knives5. 不规贝U名词复数:man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice, child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese可数名词变为复数形

34、式有如下变化,如下表:情况构成方法例词一般情况在词尾+sdesk-desks, apple-apples以-s.x.ch.sh结尾的词在词尾+esclass-classes, box-boxes peach-peaches, dish-dishes以辅音字母加y结尾的词变y为i再+esfactory-factories, family-families以兀音字母加y结尾的词在词尾+sday-days, boy-boys, key-key以f或fe结尾的词变f或fe为v再+esknife-knives, wife-wives leaf-leaves, life-lives以辅音字母o结尾的词有生

35、命的+es无生命的+s以oo结尾的+spotato-potatoes, hero-heroes photo-photos技巧归纳改f(e)为ve加s 口诀(1)树叶半数自己黄妻子拿刀去割粮架后窜出一只狼就像小偷逃命忙(2)常用不规则名词复数形式foot-feet 脚 man-men 男人 woman-women 女人 tooth-teeth 牙 mouse-mice 老鼠 goose-geese 鹅 child-children小孩单复数同形fish鱼 li里 jin斤 yuan 元 mu 亩 sheep羊deer 小鹿 Chinese 中国人 Japanese 日本人 means 手段单复名

36、词同形:中国人日本人都爱绵羊鹿和鱼.高频考点man woman作定词修饰复数时需变为复数形式two men doctors 两位男医生 many women leaders很多女领导只有复数形式,没有单数形式trousers 裤子 clothes衣月艮 shorts 短裤 goods 商品 glasses 眼镜 shoes 鞋(5)常用不可数名词advice 建议 baggage 行李 bread 面包 rain 雨 steel 钢 gold 金sand 沙 grass 草 glass 玻璃 oil 油 paper 纸 butter 黄油salt 盐 beauty 漂亮 change 零钱 i

37、nformation 信息 smoke water 水homework 作业 cloth 布 food 食品 money 钱 tea 茶 snow 雪wealth 财富 furniture 家具 cotton 棉花 rice 大米 fruit水果 milk 牛奶四、介词口诀:介词的用法早、午、晚要用in, at黎明、午夜、点与分。年、月、年月、季节、周,阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in。将来时态in.以后,小处at大处in。有形with无形by,语言、单位、材料 in。特征、方面与方式,心情成语惯用 in。介词at和to表方向,攻击、位置、恶、善分。日子、日期、年月日,星期加上早、午、晚,收音、农场、

38、值日on,关于、基础、靠、著论。着、罢、出售、偷、公、假,故意、支付、相反,准。特定时日和 ”就”,on后常接动名词。年、月、日加早、午、晚,of之前on代in。步行、驴、马、玩笑 on , cab , carriage 则用in。at山脚、门口、在当前,速、温、日落、价、核心。工具、和、同随 with ,具有、独立、就、原因。就来说宾译主,对、有、方状、表细分。海、陆、空、车、偶、被 by ,单数、人类know to manthis、that、tomorrow , yesterday , next、last、one。接年、月、季、星期、周,介词省略已习惯。over、under 正上下, ab

39、ove、below 贝U不然,若与数量词连用,混合使用亦无关。beyond 超出、无、不能, against 靠着,对与反。besides , except 分内夕卜,among 之内 along 沿。同类比较except ,加for异类记心间。原状 because of, 、 owing to、 due to 表语形容词under后接修、建中,of、from 物、化分。before、after 表一点,ago、later 表一段。before能接完成时,ago过去极有限。since以来during 间,since时态多变换。与之相比 beside ,除了 last but one 。复不定f

40、or、找、价、原,对、给、段、去、为、作、赞。快到、对、向towards ,工、学、军、城、北、上、南。but for否定用虚拟,复合介词待后言。ing型由于鉴,除了除外与包合。之后、关于、在 方面,有关介词须记全。in内to外表位置,山、水、国界 to在前。五、代词的用法主格Iyouhesheitwethey宾格meyouhimheritusthem形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsourstheirs反身代词myselfyourself/ yourselveshimselfherselfitselfoursel

41、vesthemselves主格:一般放在句子前,做主语.宾格:一般放在动词,介词(for、to、of)后.形容词性物主代词:修饰名词,放在名词前.名词性物主代词:代表名词,后不跟名词.反身代词及其一般用法反身代词表示动作回到其执行者本身用以加强语气。反身代词的分类1 .A人称单数:myself 我自己复数:ourselves 我们自己2.第二人称单数:yourself 你自己复数:yourselves你们自己3.第三人称单数:himself 他自己 herself 她自己 itself 它自己复数:themselves 他们自己、她们自己、它们自己反身代词在句子中的用法1 .作表语She

42、9;s not herself today.她今天跟平常真是判若两人。2 .作宾语Please help yourself to some fish.请随便吃点鱼。3 .作介宾I learned English by myself. 我自学英语。4 .作同位语He can do that himself.他自己能做那件事。There be 有,表示存在。There is+单数、不可数名词There are+复数"There be”句型结构:肯定句:"There be+ 主语(某人 / 某物)+ 某地 There isa boy in the room.否定句:"T

43、here be + not (any)+ 主语 + 某地 There aren't any books on the desk.一般疑问句: "Be(is、are) there +(any)+ 主语 + 某地“Yes , there is / are. ”"No, there isn't / aren't."It +be谈论It's going to rain.距离远近"It's far to get there.“说到时间"It's time to go to school.情况程度"

44、It's hard to learn.六、连词的用法、并列连词:1. and2. butor连接单词连接短语连接句子但是 /而是或者MyOurWebrother andknowledgeare singingI study in the same school.may come from the books and and they are dancing.I have a pen but no pencil.Will you gothere by bus or on foot?from practice.3.nothing but4.or 表示否则5.for 表示因为除了,只有只有I

45、 didHurry up or He is goodnothing you will at mathbut watch it.be late.for hestudies harder thanothers.6.still 表示后句概念由前句转折而来The weather is very cold, still we7.not only but also 不仅而且needn t wear可并列主、谓、宾、表及句子more clothes.宾、表及句子主语并列时,谓语要就近一致Not only he but alsoam a teacher.8.as well as 以及,同样并列单词、短语、句子

46、。并列主语时,动词要随前面的主语变化He worksas well as he can9 .eitheror 既又,或或并列主、谓、宾、表及状语 Either come in or go out.10 .neither nor既不也不并列主、谓、宾、表、状语,并列主语时,谓语就近一致Neither you nor he speaks French.12 .both and 和,既也并列主、谓、宾及表语 I can play both football and basketball.13 .nor 也不,引导句子要倒装He can not speak English, nor can I.You

47、 like apples, so do I.二、从属连词:1 . after 表示“时间”,在一之后After I finished the school, I became a worker in the factory.2 .although/though 表示让步, “尽管”Although she is young, she knows a lot.3 .as表示时间,“当时”,方式“象”,原因,“由于、因为”让步,“尽管、虽然”As it was late, we must go now.4 .as if/as though 表方式,“似乎、好像”He told is such a

48、story5 .as long as/so long as 表条件,“只要”6 .as soon as 表时间,"一就"as though he had been there before.As long as I am free, I ll go to help you. I will phone you as soon as I come back.7.because 表原因,“因为”8.before表时间,"在之前"9.even if/ even though 表让步, “即使”I have to stay in bed becauseI am ill.You should think more before you do it.You should try again even if you failed.10.hardly when 表时间,“(刚)一就"Hardly I entered the gate when the bel

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