中国文化英文介绍

1、页眉内容Con fuciusConfucius named Qiu styled Zhongni, a great thinker and educator in the late Spring and Autumn Period, and the founder of Confucianism. Confucius instructed more than 3000 disciples and some were from poor families. Confucius gradually changed the tradition that only nobilities had the

2、 right to receive education. In his later years , Confucius com piled many literary works of ancien t times, i ncluding The Book of Songs ,The Book of Docume nts, and The Books of Chan ges. His sayi ng and behaviors were com piled in The An alects of Con fucius by his disciples. His ideology has bee

3、 n absorbed and carried com posing the esse ntial part of Chin ese traditi onal ideology. It was also sp read into the border regions and areas building up a circle of Confucianism. UNESCO labeled him one of the “ Ten CultureCelebrities孔子 孔子名丘字仲尼，春秋末期伟大的思想家和教育家，儒家学派创史人。孔子一共教授了三千多个学生，其中不乏贫困家庭 的孩子，改变了

4、只有贵族子女才有资格上学的传统。孔子晚年还编订上古书籍，诗经尚书周易等。孔子的言行 被他的弟子们收集在论语中，他的思想也被后人吸收和发扬光大，成为中国传统思想最主要的组成部分，并逐渐传播到 周 边国家，形成了影响范W很广的儒家文化圈。联合国教科文组织曾将孔子列入世界十大文化名人之一。Beijing OperaBeiji ng Opera is the most popular and in flue ntial opera in China with a history of almost 200 years. In devel opmentBeijing Opera has formed a

5、 number of fictitious props. For instanee a pedal means a boat. Without any physical props inv olved , an actor may p erform going up stairs or dow nstairs opening or closi ng a door by mere gestures. Though exaggerated those actions would give audienee an impression with graceful movements. There a

6、re four main roles she ng dan jing and chou. A she ng or dan has the eyebrows painted and eyes circled. A jing and chou have their facial make up ,for exam pie, a red face depicts the loyalty and bravery and a white face symbolizes treachery and guile.京剧 京剧是中国流行的最广泛影响最大的一个剧种，拥有两百多年的历史。在长期的发展过程中，京剧形成

7、了一套虚拟表演 动作，如一条桨就可以代表一只船。不需要任何的道具，演员就能表现出上楼.下楼，开门、关门等动作，虽然经赤了夸 张但这些动作能给观众既真实又优美的感觉。京剧演员分生、旦、净、丑四个行当，生和旦的化痕迹要描眉.吊眉.画眼圈, 净丑而部需要化妆，比如，红脸表示忠诚勇猛，口脸表示奸险。Pap er-CutsChinese papercuts are pretty and exquisite with a unique oriental style. They make viewers to feel the real daily life and a festive atmosphere

8、. The making of paper-cuts is a popular folk art of more than 2000 years inChina, They are mostly created by wome n in rural areas. The desig ns are fowls domestic animals crops, ep isodes from op eras aus picious symbols and so on. Used on the Chin ese lunar New Year or other festivals, they add de

9、light and festivity to the life of the ordinary people. Paper-cuts fall into two categories, simple and natural single-colored on es, and gorgeous and colorful on es. The famous ones are window-panes from Shan xi, figuri nes of local op eras fromWeixian Hebei, and embroidery copies in ethnic minorit

10、ies in southern China. Chinese papercut has been listed as剪纸 中国的剪纸美丽精巧，带有独特的东方神韵。她们使人感到浓浓的生活气息和欢乐的喜庆的气氛。剪纸艺术大约有2000多 年的历史，是中国民间十分常见的丄艺品。她们大多出自农村妇女之手，图案有家禽、家畜.农作物、花鸟、娃娃、戏曲故 事、吉祥图案等，常常在过 年过节和喜庆吉R时使用。鲜艳美丽的剪纸给中国普通百姓的生活带来了欢乐和喜气。剪纸 分单 色和彩色两种，单色朴素大方，彩色的绚丽多彩。比较有名的剪纸有陕西的窗花，河北蔚县的戏曲人物，以及南方少数民 族的绣花底样等。中国剪纸己被联合国

11、教科文组织列入世 界文化遗产,Cheong-sam Long Gown and Mandarin JacketOriginated in Manchu female drsess in the Qing Dynasty, Cheong-sam is regarded as the model of Chinesetraditional dressing culture. It accords with the harmony of Chinese culture in style and shows rich oriental feature in techniques. It gives p

12、rominence to a lady s slender figure and heightens the gravity center of human body together with high-heel shoes. Civility eleganee and dignity can be fully displayed. It has developed its own IongJasting trend.As for the traditional clothes of Chinese men, the long gown and mandarin jacket are typ

13、icak As the dress ofManchu men both have round-necks and narrow sleeves. The mandarin jacket has buttons down the front,mostly with sleeves like a horse *hsoof. The front of long gowns is basically large .The long gown and mandarin jacket give the impression of comfortableness and ease as well as so

14、briety.旗袍和长袍马褂源自清代满族女性服饰，旗袍被誉为中国传统服饰文化的典范。它造型风格方而，符合中国文化和谐的特点，它在装饰手法方而也展现着浓厚的东方特质。另外，穿旗袍可以突岀形体的修长感，配上中高跟鞋，更可以抬升人体的重心，将东方女性的端庄，典雅和含蓄的美展 露出来，因此旗袍在中国民族服 装中独领风骚，久盛而不衰。中国男子的传统服饰比较有代表性的为长袍马褂。长袍马褂是满族男子的服装，盘领.窄 袖，马褂是对襟，大多有马蹄袖。长袍为大襟，长袍马褂给人的感觉是既不乏庄重，又显得洒脱和舒适。The Spring Festivals Day in the Chinese lunar calen

15、dar. TheThe first day of the first lunar month is the New YearChinese have many traditional customs relating to the festival, families undertake a thorough cleaning, do the Spring Festival shopping, create paper-cuts for window decoration, put up New Year pictures, write Spring Festival coupletsYear

16、and make New Year cakes, to bid farewell to the old and usher in the new. The night b efore the festival is the News Eve, It is the time for a happyfamily reunion to have a sumptuous New Years Eve dinner. People talk and laugh until daybreak,which is called “ stayingup to see the year out W, hen the

17、 bell tolls midnight, people eat dumplings. From the first day of the lunar year, people visit relatives and friends to greet each other. Setting off firecrackers is a favorite activity of children in the festival. The sound of firecrackers can be heard everywhere, adding to the rejoicing atmosphere

18、. From the Chinese all over the world, the Spring Festival is the most important day.春节 春节是农历的正月初一，是中国的农历新年。中国人过春节有许多传统习俗，家家户户要大扫除，买年货，贴窗花，挂年画，写春联，蒸年羔，准备辞旧迎新。春节的前夜叫 除夕之夜是家人团聚的时候，一家人吃一顿丰盛的年夜饭，说说笑笑直到天亮，这叫守岁。除夕零点的钟声一响，人们还要吃 饺子。过了除夕就是大年初一，人们要相互拜年，说一些祝愿幸福，健康的吉祥话。放爆竹是春节期间孩子们最喜欢的活 动，阵阵烟花，声声爆竹，给节R增添了喜庆的气氛，在

19、中国和世界各地华夏子孙心中，春节是最重要的一天。The Lantern FestivalThe 15th day of the first lunar month is the traditional Lantern Festival of China. The Chinese people have the custom of enjoying lanterns and eating gluti nous rice dum plin gs. There is a comm on sayi ng that “ Playing on theLanteFrenstival ” . The cust

20、om started in thHean Dynasty with a history of more than 2000 years. On the night, everyplace is decorated with lanterns to form a bustling atmosphere. People go in crowds to enjoy themselves and some lanterns there are riddles, which encourage people to strive to be the first to find the answer. An

21、other custom is to eat glutinous rice dumplings. It is a round ball made of glutinous rice flour with a filling of sugar and kernels. When boiled it is very savory and tasty. The Chinese people hope that everything is satisfactory .To eat them on the first full moon night of a year is to wish that f

22、amily members will remain united and happy.农历正月十五是中国民间传统的元宵节，中国人有赏灯和吃元宵的习俗，俗话说“正月 十五闹花灯” O元宵节赏灯的习俗是从汉朝开始的，到现在己经有两千多年的历史了。元宵节这一天，到处张灯结彩热闹非常，人们成群结队地去观赏花灯，花灯上还写有谜语，引得 观灯人争先恐后地去竞猜。元宵节 这天还要吃元宵。元宵是一种用糯米粉做成的小圆球，里面包着糖和各种果仁做成的馅。煮熟后，吃起 来香甜可口，中国人希望诸事圆满，在一年开始的第一个月圆之夜吃元宵，就是希望家人团圆圆圆满满。The Pure Brightness DayThe P

23、ure Brightness Day in the third lunar month one of the 24 Seasonal Division Points is also an ancient traditional festival in China, People have the custom of sweeping graves, take an outing and wear a willow twig. Every family goes to the countryside for a memorial ceremony at their ancestors tombs

24、. People remove weeds around the tomb, add new earth burn incense and offerfood and paper coins to show remembranee and respect for ancestors. This is calledvisitin At this time ,the grass is bguwrgileloownsinalong rivers have put forth newegg “ nr “ z/gede A nmvp buds, it is fresh green everywhere

25、and a good time for an outing. In ancient times people used to have a walk in the outside, and wear a willow twig in their hair, to pray for safety and happiness. It was supposed to be able to drive away ghosts and disasters.清明节农历三月的清明，是中国的二十四节气之一，也是中国一个古老的传统节R。清明节人们有扫墓祭祖和踏青插柳的 习俗。侮到清明节这一天，家家户户都要到郊外

26、去祭扫祖先的坟墓。人们为坟墓除去杂草、添加新土，在坟前点上香、摆上食 物和纸钱，表示对祖先的思念和敬 意，这叫上坟也叫扫墓。这个时节，小草发芽，柳树长叶，到处一片新绿，正好是出游的好 时节。古人有到郊外散步的习俗，这叫“踏青” O在头发上插上柳枝，这叫插柳。据说插柳可以驱除鬼怪和灾难，所以人们 纷纷插戴柳枝。The 15th day of the eighth lunar is ChinaThe Mid-Autumn Festivals tra-Adiutitounmani MFeidstival. They have the customof admiring the moon and ea

27、ting moon cakes. Since people can consider the full moon as the symbol of reunion and satisfaction, the festival is also called the Festival for Reunion. According to traditional custom, the Chinese people enjoy fruits and moon cakes, while admiring the moon.As the moon cake is round, symbolizi ng r

28、eunion. It is sometimes called “ reunion cake . The Chinese moon cake has many varieties. There are sweet,salty, meat and vegetable fillings. It is carved with various decorative p alter ns and words. Good looking and delicious. On the night, the whole family will sit together to admire the moon and

29、 eat moon cakes filled with hap pin ess for harvest and family reunion. At that time, people far away will look up at the moon and miss their hometown and family.中秋节 农历八月十五是中国的传统节R中秋节。中国人有赏月和吃月饼的习俗。人们把圆月看作团圆美满的象征，所以中秋节又叫“团圆节” O按照传统的习惯，中国人在赏月时，还要摆岀瓜 果和月饼等食品，一边赏月一边品尝，因为月饼是圆的，象 征着“团圆”所以有的地方也叫“团圆节” O中国月

30、饼的品种很多，月饼馅有甜的、咸的.荤的.素的。月饼上而还印着各种花 纹和字样，又好看又好吃。中秋节的晚上，全家人坐在一起赏月吃月饼，心里充满了丰收的喜悦和团聚的欢乐。这时 远在家乡的人也会仰望明月，思念故乡和亲人。Chin ese TeaChinese people like to drink tea, they often entertain friends and guests with it. Tealeaf is a necessity in the life ofChinese people. Concerning the production method Chinese tea

31、can be classified into green tea, black tea, oolong tea seented tea and so on. Green tea is not fermented and is brilliant green. The most famous is the Longjing tea from the region the West Lake in Hangzhou. Black tea is fermented. Famous ones are the keemun tea of Anhui and the Dianblack tea of Yu

32、nnan. Oolong tea is half fermented. The best one is Wuyiyan tea of Fujian. Seented tea is made byonesmoking tea leaves with fragrant flowers. The most famous is jasmine tea preduced in Fujian. Drinking tea can quenchs thirst dispel fatigue. The constant drinking tea is beneficialfor people s health.

33、中国茶 中国人喜欢喝茶，也常常用茶来招待朋友和客人。茶叶是中国人生活中的必需品，中国茶叶按制作方法分为绿茶、红茶、乌 龙茶和花茶等几大类。绿茶嫩绿鲜艳，是不经过发酵的茶，最著名的绿茶是杭州西湖的龙井；红茶是经过发酵的茶，著名的 红茶有安微的祁红茶和云南的滇红茶；乌龙茶是半发发酵的茶，最好的乌龙茶是福建的武夷岩茶；花茶是在茶叶中加入 香 花熏制而成，最有名的花茶是福建产的茉莉花茶。喝茶不但可以止渴，还能消除疲茵，帮助消化，预防一些疾病，长期饮茶对 人的身体健康有好处。Traditional Chinese PaintingIt is the art of pain ting on a p iec

34、e of Xua n paper or silk with a Chinese brush soaked with black ink or colored p igments.landsca pe pain tingBy subject, it can be classified into figure pain tingand flowers and birds painting. Figure painting came into maturity in the warring States and reached its peak during theTang Dynasty. Fam

35、ous artists in elude GuKaizhi and Wudaozi ,La ndsca pe pain ting deli neates the outside scenery. It appeared in the Qin Dynasty and reached high level by the Song Dynasty. Famous artists are Li sixun,Fan kuan,andTang yin. Flowers and birds painting focuses on flowers birds animals fishes and in sec

36、ts. It app eared in the Norther n and Southern dynasties and matured during the Song Dynasty. Celebrated artists include Zhu da in flowers and birds,Zheng xie in bamboo and Qi baishi in fish and shrimp. It can not only make life beautiful but brings decorous sentiment and artistic enjoyment中国画 它是用毛笔

37、、墨及颜料在宣纸或绢上画出的画。中国画按内容分主要有人物画、山水画.花 鸟画三大类。战国时期中国己经有 了比较成熟的人物画，唐朝时己经达到了顶峰，著名的人物画家有顾恺之，吴道子等。山水画表现山川美景的画种，它产生 于秦朝，宋代达到了很高的水平，著名的山水画家有李思训.范宽.唐寅等。花鸟画画的是自然界中的花卉，鸟兽和 鱼虫。南朝时期出现了花鸟画，宋代走向成熟，著名的花鸟画家有擅长画花鸟的朱命，擅长 画竹子的郑燮，擅长画鱼虾的齐口石 等。中国画不仅能美化生活，还能带来高雅情趣和艺术享受。Drag onDrag on is regarded as the biggest an imal of the

38、 Chin ese totem, and it is the most imp ortant mascot. People are familiar with the image of drag on, but n obody has ever see n a real oneJt was born from the imagi nation of the people. It has a bull s head, a deers horn, a lobster s eyes, an eagles claws, a snakes body, a lion s tail, and is cove

39、red with scutum. It is combi nation of differe nt kinds of an imals. Drag on can walk on land, swim un der water, and fly in the sky. It has in credible po wers. Over thousa nds of year, emp erors treated it as the symbol of po wer and dign ity. It had virtue and po wer for the comm on people. During the festivals, people will p ost the p icture of the drag on, and play the drag on light and drag on boat. Drago n is the symbol of the whole Chinese nati on, The Chin ese all over the world call themselves the Drag on s descenda nts龙被人们认为是中国最大的神物，也是