被动语态讲义

1、三、被动语态的用法（歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要九年级被动语态学习目标：掌握各种时态的被动语态的结构能够正确的把主动语态变为被动语态 掌握被动语态的各种特殊用法 重难点：被动语态的几种特殊用法、语态概述英语中动词有主动语态和被动语态两种语态.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，在被动语态中动作的执行者有时用by短语表示出来.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。例如：Many people speak English.(谓语：speak 的动作是由主语 many people来执行的。)被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的

2、对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例如：English is spoken by many people主语 English 是动词 speak的承受者。、被动语态的构成被动语态由 助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以do为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。公式为:be(有时态的变化)+动词的过去分词1. 一般现在时:am (is, are) done. (every day, usually, often )2. 一般过去时:was (were) done (yesterday, last ni

3、ght/week/m on th/year,i n1885)3. 一般将来时:will (shall) be done ( n ext week/m on th/year, i n the future)* 4. 现在进行时：am (is, ar© being done ( now, these days, Look! Listen!* 5. 现在完成时： have (has) been done (since+clause/ the past time, for + some time , so far, these days )6. 带情态动词的被动语态：must (ca n,

4、may, should, n eed, would) be done7不定式的被动结构to+ be+动词的过去分词动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。）1 不知动作执行者时，常用被动语态. eg. This car is made in America.2. 不必要说出动作执行者时，常用.eg. Rome was not built in a day.3. 为了突出强调动作的承受者时，常用被动语态.eg. En glish is sp oke n in many coun tries .四、主动语态变被动语态的方法（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be +过去分

5、词）（根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词 by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如： All the people laughed at him.- He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory.The biitcs arc made by them in the factoiy.歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后 过分”来使用。五、含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由情态动词

6、+ be+过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后 “to仍要保留。歌诀是: 情态动词变被动，情态力D be力D 过分” （情态动词）原来带 to 要保留。例如:1 We can rep air this watch in two days.This watch can be rep aired n two days.2 You ought to take it away.f It ought to be take n away.3 They should do it at once.f It should be done at once.六、从初中阶段所学五种基本句型谈变被动语态时

7、应注意的问题。1 .主语+连系动词 +表语(S+V+ P)此结构不可用被动语态。（正）The flowers smell sweet.（误）The flowers are smelt sweet.2.主语+不及物动词(S+V)此结构不可变被动语态。（正）An accide nt happened last ni ght.（误）An accide nt was happened last ni ght.3.主语+及物动词+宾语(S + V+ O)(1)将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语Childre n ofte n sing this songThis song is ofte n sung

8、by childre n.(2)将含有介词或副词的动词短语变为被动结构时，不可将介词或副词去掉。We should liste n to the teachers carefully.The teachers should be liste ned to carefully.4. 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（S + V+ 10+ DO）(1).将表人的间接宾语变为主语,直接宾语不变。He showed us a pi cture .We were show n a picture.(2).将指物的直接宾语变为主语,要在间接宾语前加介词to或for.常用力卩 to 的动词 give, s

9、how, pass, read等常用力卩 for 的动词 buy, get, make, sing, draw 等A picture was show n to us.A dicti onary was bought for me by my parents.5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(S+ V+ O + C)如动词为make, see, hear, watch等，后接宾语补足语为不带 “to不定式时，变被动语态时要加上“to ”I saw him fall off the tree.He was see n to fall off the tree.6. "be +过去分

10、词"并非都是被动语态，系动词 be, feel, seem, loo等词后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，作表语用，表示某种状态。rm in terested in mathematics.我对数学感兴趣。*7.某些动词用主动语态来表示被动含义。The woman's clothes sell well女装卖的快。This book sells bes这本书很畅销. 课内探究案I思考一：各种时态的被动语态的结构时态被动语态结构一般将来时一般过去时一般将来时现在进行时现在完成时含有情态动词【模拟试题】1. Both Lily and Lucy to the party yester

11、day .A. in vitedB. was in vitedC. had in vitedD. were in vited2.1 first met Mary three year ago . She at a radio shop at the time .A. has worked B. works C. was worki ngD. will work3. Bill might phone while I m out this evening . If he , could you take amessage ?A. does B. might C. pho ned D. will4.

12、 Another new library last month in my hometown .A. built B. was built C. has been built D. is built5. It about ten mon ths since the boy a Young Pion eer .A. became B. has become C. has bee n D. had bee n6. Your E-mail address again ? I quite catch it .Fed Ian ghter 263. comA. don'tB. cant C. wo

13、nt D. didn t7. Where is Mr. Green now ? Ihaven seen him for a few days . He to Hong Kong .A. goes B. will go C. is going D. has gone8. A lot of food to that country after the war was over .A. was sent B. are sent C. is sending D. sent9. The world . Things never stay the same .A. cha nges B. is cha n

14、ging C. was cha ngingD. will cha nge10. Oh , Mrs. King , your n ecklace looks nice . Is it new ? No , I it for two years .A. had B. have had C. bought D. have bought11. The magazines to the library in two weeks .A. must retu rn B. must be retu rnedC. retu rnedD. must be retu rning12. John , you the

15、computer game for two hours . It ' bsd for youreyes . Stop , please .OK.Mum.A. p layed B. have p layed C. were p lay ing D. play13. It 'nrore and more important to protect our earth .I agree with you . If every one a con tributio n .A. make B. makes C. will make D. made14. He won't leave

16、 his office until he his work .A. will fin ishB. fini shesC. is fin ishi ngD. fin ish15. We will talk about the problem as soon as we time .A. had B. have C. had had D. will have16. Have you ever Lintong to see Terra Cotta Warriors ?Yes , I have .A. went to B. gone to C. bee n inD. bee n to17. I'm sorry you've missed the train .It 10 minu tes ago .there .A. left B. has left C. had left D. had bee n left18. Eve n hot sun cannot make the p lace dry because gree n p Ian tsA. are grow ing B. will grow C. grew D. grows19. What are on show in the museum ? Some photos by Africa children .A.