定语从句语法详解

1、定语从句语法详解，希望能够帮助考生备考英语学科考试，赢得高分。一、定语句子中修饰名词或代词的成分叫做定语。定语可以由形容词，名词，不定式，分词，动名词或从句来充当。eg: She is a beautiful girl.（形容词）I met some one funny on my way to Beiji ng.（形容词）（修饰不定代词的定语后置）He is an English teacher.（ 名词）（名词作定语时一般用单数，例外的有sports,女0 a sports star）I have a lot of work to do.（ 不定式）The book written by

2、a schoolboy is very popular now.（ 过去分词短语 ）We can see the rising sun.（ 现在分词）=the sun is rising.s brother.（）从句He is in the reading room.（ 动名词）=the room for readingThe boy who broke the win dow is Tom注意：1.形容词作定语一般放在所修饰的词前面；但当形容词修饰的是 somethi ng, any thi ng, everyth ing, nothing, some one, every one, eve

3、rybody, somewhere等不定代词时，要放在这些词的后面。present （在场的）,absent （缺席的）作定语时需要后置。students present / absent2.不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。3分词作定语时，即可放在所修饰词前，也可放在所修饰词后1）分词前置：单独的一个分词作定语，一般放在所修饰词前。He is a retired worker.他是位退休的工人2）分词后置分词在以下情况，放在所修饰词的后面这是所给的问题没有有趣的东西ii.个别分词如given, left;This is the questi on give n.iii.修饰不定代词 som

4、eth ingThere is nothing in teresti ng.过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。Most of the people in vited to the party were famous scie ntists.=Most of the people who were in vited to the p arty were from South Africa二、定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词 （关系代词或关系

5、副词）引出。关系代词有： who, whom, whose, that, which 等。关系畐y词有： when, where, why 等。I like the books that are writte n by Mr. Gree n.先行词关系词A.关系词:关系词通常有三个作用：引导定语从句，指代先行词，在定语从句中充当句子成分。关系词类別关系词先行词充当从旬中的句子成分关系代词1who人主，宾，表1vhojh人盍1vhicL辆主，肖表that人或物主Si表as人或物1圭表Those人或物i* 关系畐恫vheie地点状when时间状why=rea-3on状OffenAnyone who

6、 breaks the law will surely be puni shed.1.先行词指人时，定语从句的引导词:指人时，who和that都可以使用.who.who和whom都可以作定语从句宾语，但从句中的介词提前时，不能用He is the man who / whom I talked to you about.=He is the man about whom I talked to you.先行词是人时，只用 who,不用或少用that的情况:a.当先行词是one, ones, anyone时，引导定语从句的关系词一般只用who,不用that如果先行词是 someone, 也可用t

7、hatHe is not one who is easily frighte ned.I thi nk Joe is the one who borrowed my peo.The ones who tell lies wont gain otherstrust.Anyone who saw the accide nt should phone the p olice.Some one who / that claims to be your un cle wants to see you.b.先行词是those时，关系代词一般用who不用thatThose who don t wish to

8、 go need not go.who来引导c. There be句型中，修饰人的定语从句的关系代词一般只用There is a certa in old man in the village who none of us likes.d.若一个句子中有两个定语从句，第一个已经用that,则第二个一般用 whoThe man that is talk ing with our teacher is the p rofessor who gave us a report yesterday.e.当定语从句与先行词较远时，引导定语从句的关系代词一般只用whoI came across my fir

9、st teacher in the store yesterday who was still beautiful.f非限定性定语从句只用who来引导，不用thatHe has a son, who is a doctor.当先行词是人，只用 that不用who的情况:a. 以who开头的特殊疑问句，定语从句的先行词如果是人，关系代词只用that 不用 whoWho is the girl that said hello to you just now?b. 当先行词既有人也有物时，定语从句只用that来引导They ofter talk about the person and thi ng

10、s that they remember.c.当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时，只用that来引导He s cha nged. He is not the man that he was.d.当先行词被形容词的最高级修饰时，只用that.This is the most beautiful lady that I have ever met.e.当先行词是other时，定语从句只用that引导。2.先行词是物时that和which 一般可以互换使用，但有时不可换用。(1)下列场合一般用that: a.先行词是 all, much, anything, someth ing, nothing, e

11、veryth in g, little, the one, none等不定代词We should do all that is useful to the people.The little that I have see n of his work is satisfactory.b.先行词被序数词，形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, much, no, some, very等词修饰The first book that I bought in this bookstore is a dict ionary.The last person that I

12、talked with in London is my girlfrie ndThe best teacher that I have ever met has gone abroadYou can take any seat that is vaca nt.c. 先行词有两个：一个指人，另一个指物I miss all the people and p laces that we visited last summerd.主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句。e. There be 句型中，There is a seat in the corner that is free.f.先行词为

13、数词时Three buildi ngs have bee n compi eted, but there are two that are still un der con structi on.(2)下列场合不能用thata.在非限定性定语从句中，即逗号后的定语从句不用that引导，指人时用who或whom,指物时用which.b.在介词+关系代词”结构中不用that,指人时用whom,指物时用which.This is the book about which we are talk ing.c.先行词为that, those时，关系词用 which指物，who指人What s that

14、which you have got in your hand?d.两个定语从句，一个用了that,另一个则用which.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was n ewly open to us.e.关系代词后有插入语时，只用whichHere are some stamps which -I think -you can take away.3.当关系词在从句中作宾语时，关系词可以省略。4.当先行词指时间，地点，原因(the reason)时，且关系词在从句中作状语，用when,where,w

15、hy如果关系词在从句中作主语，表语或宾语，则用that 或 which.I can hardly remember how many times (that) Ive failed.I want to visit the place where my mother was born.=I want to visit the p lace in which my mother was born.I still remember the years whe n I studied in the middle school.t agree with us.t agree with us.=I sti

16、ll remember the years in which I studied in the middle school.I don t know the reason why he didn=I did nkntow the reas on for which he did n5.当先行词是the way,并且关系词在从句中作方式状语时，可以用that, in which引导，也可省略。当先行词是time, time当次数”讲时，用that引导定语从句，且that可以省略；当time表示 一段时间，时间”讲时，定语从句用 when或at / during which 引导I don k t

17、 like the way (that / in which) he talke d to his mother.I II never forget the time when / at which we visited your hometown.6.当先行词family, class, team, army, company等被当作单数时，定语从句中用 which,被当作复数时，用who或whom.The family, which is a large and rich one, was poor.The p arty, who are all childre n, have lost

18、their way.7.当先行词是动物时，定语从句一般用whichThe dog, which he had kept for five years, was killed by some one yesterday.B. “介词+ which / whom ”引导的定语从句I love the关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，常常将介词前置于作宾语的关系词前,music that I can dance to. = I love the music to which I can dance.The man who I talked to just now is my brother.= T

19、he man to whom I talked just now is my brother.介词后面的关系词指人时只用whom,不能用who或that;指物时只用 which,不能用that.注意，并非所有情况下介词都可以前移，含有介词的短语动词不可拆开，介词仍需放在动词后面，如：look for, look after, take care of 等。介词 + which / whom ”前还可以 用ome, any, none, all, both, n either, many, most, each, few 等代词，名词或数词等。His sons, both of whom lov

20、ed music very much, spent most of their money on CDs.The house, the roof of which is blue, will be used as a library.C.非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句和主句的关系不密切，去掉定语从句，句子的意思仍然完整，形式上用逗号把主句和从句分开，使用时注意以下几点：l非限定性定语从句不能用that引导l非限定性定语从句中的关系词不能省略。D.as引导的定语从句的用法He bought me such a watch as was advertised in the n ews paper.注意：比较 the same as 和 the same that .He bought me the same watch as I lost last week.他买了一块和我上星期丢的一样的表。(样，但不是同一个)He bought me the same watch that I lost last week.（同一个）他把我上星期丢的那块表又买回来了。2.当非限定性定语从句的先行词不是主句中的某一个词, as引导