玉米秸秆主要成分及热值的测定与分析

1、收稿日期:2006-02-28基金项目:河南省自然科学基金项目(0111011300作者简介:岳建芝(1974-,女,河南偃师人,讲师,主要从事可再生能源方面的研究。通讯作者:张百良(1941-,男,河南汤阴人,教授,博士生导师,主要从事可再生能源方面的研究。玉米秸秆主要成分及热值的测定与分析岳建芝1,张杰2,徐桂转1,杨世关1,张百良1(1.河南农业大学农业部可再生能源重点开放实验室,河南郑州450002;2.华北水利水电学院,河南郑州450008摘要:分别对15个玉米杂交种和22个亲本自交系秸秆的主要成分(纤维素、半纤维素、木质素和热值进行了测定,分析了秸秆主要成分与热值的关系。结果表明:

2、(1反映玉米秸秆能量的主要指标是纤维素、木质素;(2同一材料的热值及纤维素、木质素含量从上部到下部逐渐增多,半纤维素含量逐渐减少;(3纤维素、木质素含量与热值呈正相关,即玉米秸秆的纤维素、木质素含量越多,热值越高。关键词:玉米秸秆;主要成分;热值;相关性中图分类号:S513文献标识码:A 文章编号:1004-3268(200609-0030-03生物质能源是仅次于煤炭、石油、天然气的第四大能源,在整个能源系统中占有重要地位。而秸秆是我国生物质能资源的重要组成部分,如何利用好秸秆成为我国生物质能利用的重要问题。用秸秆转换为能源的重要技术之一是生物质致密成型技术。秸秆作为一种成型原料,其热值如果能

3、进一步提高,这项技术就会有更大的推广余地。选取目前大面积推广的玉米品种的秸秆作为试验材料,测定其木质素、纤维素和半纤维素的含量,并测定其热值,采用数量化分析的方法,找出热值和成分的相关性,为筛选优良秸秆致密成型技术的原料寻找理论依据。1材料与方法1.1材料材料选用生产上大面积推广的15个玉米杂交种和22个亲本自交系。对不同品种的玉米秸秆去穗、根,风干后,分别按上、中、下3部分截取,做好标记。然后用粉碎机粉碎,使相同部位的粉末均匀混合,过40目网筛,对号装入袋中,封口,置于60干燥箱中,烘干30h ,用于测定化学成分和热值1。1.2测定方法木质素、纤维素、半纤维素含量采用凡氏法测定2,3;热值利

4、用XR Y -1A 型数显氧弹式热量计测定,测定条件按仪器要求进行,同时进行干物质含量确定,换算出单位干物质的发热量。估算热值与木质素、纤维素、半纤维素含量的简单相关系数和多元回归方程,分析它们之间的关系,确定影响热值的主要因素4。2结果与分析2.1玉米杂交种秸秆主要成分和热值的测定结果玉米秸秆主要成分含量及热值测定结果见表1,由表1可知,15个杂交种秸秆的上部、中部、下部平均纤维素含量分别是26.24%,31.44%,36.21%,平均木质素含量分别是12.44%,15.6%,18.12%,反映出纤维素、木质素含量从上部到下部逐渐增加;上部、中部、下部的平均半纤维素含量依次是19.39%,1

5、7.48%,15.72%,呈下降趋势;上部、中部、下部的平均热值分别是16253,17183,18305J /g ,反映出热值从上部到下部逐渐增加。2.2自交系玉米秸秆主要成分和热值的测定结果由表2可知,22个自交系上部、中部、下部平均纤维素含量分别是25.53%,29.37%,32.73%,平均木质素含量分别是11.79%,13.67%,15.02%,反映出纤维素、木质素含量从上部到下部逐渐增加;上部、中部、下部的平均半纤维素含量依次是20.30%,18.74%,17.57%,呈下降趋势。22个自032006年第9期表115个玉米杂交种秸秆三组分含量及热值的测定结果品种名称纤维素(%上部中部

6、下部均值木质素(%上部中部下部均值半纤维素(%上部中部下部均值热值(J/g上部中部下部均值豫玉15号31.4033.8536.4233.8913.0214.8217.0214.9520.2519.0317.8319.0417381176301856717859豫玉18号34.6335.0539.5736.4210.2012.0914.2412.1714.6012.289.0211.9616406170481837017275豫玉20号28.2831.4439.4633.0612.8116.7419.1016.2215.0914.2311.3213.5515902176211860817377豫

7、玉21号35.4538.6842.0338.7213.5015.3616.8415.2319.9818.1417.1618.4217553180041878918115豫玉22号22.6923.9927.5624.748.8712.0415.0211.9817.7916.0515.4216.4215216157091594215622豫玉23号28.6830.9833.4631.048.4014.2017.8913.5022.6420.5217.1820.1215506160291850616680豫玉25号25.8027.6330.4327.958.5518.3719.4115.4421.5

8、816.8615.5718.0015487162681742316393豫玉33号35.0637.3440.6137.6713.5616.6821.0017.0820.8618.8717.2919.0117680184131903218375豫玉34号23.7227.4435.0928.7512.0613.0815.0613.4018.4816.9613.2816.2415241160021823416492豫玉32号34.7736.3238.7236.6016.3716.2419.0617.2219.6017.2615.9417.6017509184151863418186农大10825.0

9、031.2736.4830.9213.9216.4817.7816.0620.5319.2518.3219.3715965177221843817375鲁单5028.3431.6142.3234.0910.8716.3921.1816.1520.5119.1418.2319.2915762176281923117540沈单1625.5530.5134.7430.2714.1417.0220.3617.1717.3916.6915.6916.5916065176321853217410掖单1922.9625.0132.3126.7612.5114.6615.9814.3921.9420.6219

10、.2220.5915942162001760016581掖单1327.2330.5533.9330.5717.7819.8021.8519.8119.6716.2814.2816.7416183174301866217425均值26.2431.4436.2132.1012.4415.618.1215.3819.3917.4815.7217.5316253171831830517247表2玉米自交系三组分含量及热值的测定结果名称纤维素(%上部中部下部均值木质素(%上部中部下部均值半纤维素(%上部中部下部均值热值(J/g上部中部下部均值掖47827.1231.0835.1531.1213.4914

11、.5215.5014.5021.5920.0619.8520.5016008174301826417234 87-123.0124.2824.9624.0810.3811.6411.9611.3318.3618.2217.8318.1415160152301529215227漯1224.6227.1732.7728.198.3610.5811.9510.3017.5916.3614.0516.0015060155781609515578豫7930.2233.8235.4433.1612.5814.5615.9814.3721.2619.3318.6919.7616397170031760917

12、003齐31927.1332.0334.9631.378.7610.6812.5610.6721.5521.0319.6320.7415506165041745916490沈13725.2627.0930.0927.4812.8013.4514.5313.5920.6620.0119.1319.9315682162601703716326郑21124.1029.0834.8129.3310.8312.7313.5912.3817.0016.3215.0316.1215372164051754016439郑5825.8529.0332.5329.14 6.209.8611.429.1618.99

13、15.7314.8716.5315057157281603915608郑65325.6128.7631.0628.4811.5013.2114.5913.1015.4314.4513.9514.6115723159801623715980 37426.9831.4336.1131.5011.3713.5815.2013.3823.4622.9022.8223.0615317165291780016549郑2230.0831.8632.6831.5414.8516.9418.0216.6024.6722.3620.4222.4816064171781829217178 S2226.3130.76

14、34.0230.3614.7915.8216.6015.7418.3317.8916.8117.6816101170201794817023丹34028.0434.8139.5534.1312.3414.9116.0914.4516.4816.0215.7116.0716049172381842017236掖5210624.8128.5831.7728.3912.0913.6014.5613.4223.0422.3920.9122.1115731165241719016482综324.1126.8328.4026.4511.5912.7413.4512.5922.0821.3520.9421.

15、4615755160081625016004鲁原-9227.0630.9834.7830.9413.8917.4720.5617.3120.7920.6619.7220.3916080173091853817309黄C24.4929.7535.0029.7511.5812.6913.5912.6221.7320.6518.1620.1815948169181789716921 K1224.1728.6231.2628.0215.6017.9620.9818.1822.5020.7319.0820.7716569174691824017426昌720.9728.7133.7027.7911.44

16、12.4713.6512.5220.6018.2517.5618.8015667170421752016743 BT20.0821.9723.0721.71 6.687.119.097.6317.899.738.7312.1214267147981542614830 17821.8726.1830.0926.0512.8414.7415.2414.2721.2020.1818.9820.1215224165241742016389豫25号29.7733.2137.8033.5915.3219.5521.3418.7421.5017.6813.5817.591698417802186901782

17、5均值25.5329.3732.7329.2111.7913.6715.0213.4920.3018.7417.5718.8715715165671732716536交系上部、中部、下部平均热值分别是15715, 16567,17327J/g,反映出热值从上部到下部逐渐增加。相关分析结果(略表明,热值与纤维素、木质素含量呈正相关,且达到了极显著水平,即纤维素、木质素含量越高,热值越高;热值与半纤维素含量呈正相关,没有达到显著水平,即半纤维素含量对热值的高低没有明显的影响。由此,纤维素、木质素可作为主要能量指标来判断玉米秸秆的热量。纤维素、木质素含量间呈正相关,达到显著水平;半纤维素含量与纤维素

18、、木质素含量间呈正相关,没达到显著水平。表明纤维素、木质素含量间相互影响,半纤维素与纤维素、木质素含量间互不影响。13河南农业科学小麦旗叶距、幼穗长度与减数分裂动态相关性分析王巧玲,薛香,丁秀萍(河南科技学院,河南新乡453003摘要:以3种不同类型的小麦品种为材料,分析了小麦的旗叶距,幼穗长度与减数分裂动态间的相关性,结果表明:多数品种的旗叶距、幼穗长度与减数分裂相之间呈极显著相关性,当幼穗长度在2.06.1cm 时或旗叶距在-5.09.0cm 时取材,可以看到减数分裂各个时期的分裂图像。关键词:小麦;减数分裂;旗叶距;幼穗长度;相关分析中图分类号:S512.1文献标识码:A 文章编号:10

19、04-3268(200609-0032-03Correlation Analysis between the Space of Flag Leaf ,Y oung Spike Length and Meiosis Dynamics of WheatWAN G Qiao 2ling ,XU E Xiang ,DIN G Xiu 2ping(Henan Institute of Science and Technology ,Xinxiang 453003,China Abstract :To study the dynamic changes of meiosis in pollen cells

20、 of wheat ,a correlation analysis was conducted between the flag leaf space and the length of young spike and stages of meiosis.The results indicated that there was an extremely significant correlation between these traits and stages of meiosis.All stages of meiosis in wheat pollen cells could be observed when the length of young spike was from 2.0cm to 6.1cm ,or the space of flag leaf was from -5.0cm to 9.0cm.K ey w ords :Wheat ;Meiosis ;Flag leaf space ;Length of young spike ;Correlation analysis减数分裂是生物在性母细胞成熟时配子形成过程中发生的一种特殊的细胞分裂,具有十分重要的生物学意义和遗传学意义。一方面,保证生物上下代之间遗传物质的稳定性和连续性