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1、名师精编欢迎下载现在完成时讲解及练习(含答案)一.基本结构:助动词 have/has+过去分词 (done )二.句型:否定句:主语 +have/has+not+过去分词 +其他.一般疑问句: have/has+ 主语+过去分词 +其他.简略答语 :yes, 主语 + have/has. (肯定 ) no, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.(否定 )三.用法(1) ) 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果| i have spent all of my money(so far ) .(含义是 :现在我没有钱花了.)guo ziju n has(
2、 just/already ) come. (含义:郭子君现在在这儿)my father has gone to work.(含义是 :我爸爸现在不在这儿)(2) ) 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态( be 动词表示)常与 for ( +时间段) ,sinee ( +时间点或过去时的句子)连用.| for+ 时段 since+ 过去一个时间点(译为:自从.以来) since+ 时 段 +ago_| since+ 从句(过去时)? it is+ 时段+since+ 从句(过去时)mary has bee n ill for three day
3、s. i have lived here since 1998.四.has gone( to ),has been( to ), has been(in ) 的区另 u have/has gone ( to) :去了(现在不在说话现场 )"|where is your father? he has gone to shanghai.have/has bee n( to): 去过(已不在去过的地方) my father has bee n to shan ghai.have/has bee n in:呆了多久(还在所呆的地方)my father has bee n in shan gh
4、ai for two mon ths. /since two mon ths ago.五.现在完成时的标志1.现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响种含义 :,用以下四大标志词可以表达这*以 already, just和 yet 为标志he has already got her help.他已得到她的帮助。|he has just seen the film.他刚刚看过这场电影。he has n't come back yet.他还没有回来。*以 ever 禾口 never 为标志this is the best film i have ever seen.这是我曾经看过
5、的最好的一部电影。he has never been to beijing.他从没有到过北京。*以动作发生的次数为标志he says he has bee n to the usa three times.他说他已经去过美国三次了。*以 so far (到目前为止)为标+beforehe has got to beijing so far.到目前为止他已到了北京。she has passed the examso far.到目前为止她已经通过了考试。2?过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在,甚至有可能继续延续下去 ,我们可以从动作延续的特性和 时间”点段的区分入手 ,进一步学习现在完成时。*for
6、+ 时段since+ 过去一个时间点(过去从句)为标志1) 现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday,last week, three years ago等;2) 不能与 when连用3) 现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用六.瞬间动词( buy,die,joi n, come,go ,leave,join?不能直接与 for 和 si nee 连用。要改变动词buy-haveborrow keepcome/arrive/reach/get to be ingo out be out leave -be awaybegin be onfinish-be overo
7、pen be openclose be closeddie-be dead 1.have 代 替 buy ”my brother has had(不能用 has bought ) this bike for almost four years. 2 、 用 keep 或 have 代 替 borrowi have kept (不能用 have borrowed ) the book for quite a few days. 3、用 be 替代 becomehow long has your sister bee n a teacher? 4、用 have a cold代 替 catch a
8、coldtom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. 5、a) 用 wear 代替 put on |b ) 用“ b * 形容词”代终止性动词1 、 be + married 代 marry2、 be + ill 代 fall ( get ) ill 3 、 be + dead 代 die4 、 be + asleep 代 fall ( get ) asleep 5 、 be + awake 代 wake/wake up6 、 be + gone 代 lose,die,sell,leave7 、 be + open 代 open8 、 b
9、e closed代 close/shut9 、 be + miss in g ( go ne,lost ) 代 lose c) 用“ b e副词”代终止性动词1、“ be on " 代 start,begin丨2 、 “ be up " 代 get up3、 “be back(to) 代 return to,come back to,go back to4 、 “ be here (there) 代 come(arrive,reach,get) here或 go (arrive,reach,get) there等等d) 用“ b e介词短语”代终止性动词1、 “ be in
10、/h+ 地点" 代替 go to /come to | 2 、 用 be in the army代 替 join the army3、 “ be in/at 地点" 代替 move to现在完成时练习 一、 单项选择。1 、 both his parents look sad . maybe theywhat's happened to him .( 呼和浩特 )a . knew b . have knownc . must knowd .will know 2 、 he hasbeen to shanghai , has he ?a . already b .ne
11、verc .everd . still3 、 have you met mr li?a . justb . agoc .befored . a moment ago 4 、 the famous writerone new book in the past two years .a . is writingb .was writingc .wroted .has written5 、 一 our countrya lot so far . yes . i hope it will be even_.a . has changed wellb . changed goodc . has chan
12、ged betterd. changed better6 、 zhao lanalready _in this school for two years .a . was studyingb . will studyc . has studiedd . are studying 7、 wexiao li since she was a little girl .a . knowb . had knownc . have knownd . knew8 、 harry potter is a very nice filmit twice .a . will seeb . have seenc .
13、sawd .see9 、 these farmers have bee n to the un ited states . really ? whe nthere ?a . will they gob . did they goc . do they god . have they gone10 、youyour homework yet ? yes . iit a mome nt ago .a . did do finishedb . have done finishedc . have done have finished will do finish11 、 his fatherthe
14、party si nee 1978 .a . joinedb . has joinedc . was ind . has been in12 、 do you know him well ? sure .we friends si nee ten years ago .a . wereb . have beenc . have becomed . have made13 、 how long have youhere ? about two mon ths . a . beenb . gonec . comed . arrived 14 、hurry up! the playfor ten m
15、inutes .a . has begunb . had begunc . has been ond . began15 、 itten years since he left the army .a . isb . hasc . willd. was 16 、 miss green isn't i n the office . sheto the library .a .has goneb . wentc .will god . has been17 、my parentsshandong for tena . have bee n inyearsb . have been toc
16、. have gone tod . have been18 、the students have cleaned the classroom, ?a. so theyb. don ' t theyc. have theyd. haven ' t they 19 、 has mr white bee n a member of gree ner china since he to china?a. how soon, comesb. how ofte n, gotc. how long, camed. how far, arrived 20 、 his unclefor more
17、 tha n 9 years.a. has come hereb. has started to workc. has lived therehas left the uni versity二、 句型转换。1、 he has never surfed, ?(改成反意疑问句)2 、 they have bee n here si nee 2000.(对划线部分提问 ) _they bee n here? 3 、 the old manlast year. hefor a year.( die ) (动词填空)4、 this factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句
18、转换 ) this factoryfor twenty years. 5、 miss gao left an hour ago.(同义句转换)miss gaoan hour ago.6、 her mother has been a party member for three years .(同义句)her mother _the party three years_.7、 the green family moved to france two years ago.(同义句转换 ) two yearsthe gree n family moved to france.8 、 the bus
19、has arrived here. it arrived ten minutes ago.(把两个句子合并成一个句子)三、 汉译英。1、 吉姆已做完作业,他现在有空了。2、 他昨天收到一封信。3、 我父亲以前到过长城。4、 她还没有看过那部新电影。5、 她去过上海。6、 他这些天上哪儿去了? 参考答案:一、单项选择。 |1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,或过去发生的动作还未结束, 一直持续到现在或将来,重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大,往往无时间状语,需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理,正确答案是b。2、 现在完成时常与already (已经),
20、 just (刚刚,正好), ever (曾经), never (从来, 也不; 从不), before (以前), yet (仍然)等连用。故2 应选 b。3、 c4、 现在完成时常与 recently (近来), so far (到目前为止), in the past/“ las 段时间” 等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间,句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。故4 应选 d。5、 c6、 现在完成时时常与“ for 时间段或 since + 过去时间点 " 连用(含从句, 从句过去时) 。故 6 应选 c。7、 c8、 现在完成时还与
21、once (次), twice (两次), three times(三次), several times(几 次) 等表示重复次数的词语连用。故8 应选 b。9、 现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆,就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去,但二者又有区别:一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作,说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情,与现在没有关系;现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作,它不与表示过去的时间状语(如yesterday , last week , a moment ago等)连用。 故 9 的正确答案为 b。10 、 b11 、 现在完成时中,非延续性动词不能与for 和 sinc
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