Unit5VisitingtheMoon基础知识讲解

1、Unit 5 Visiting the Moon基础知识讲解责编：郭素清词汇精讲1. leaveleave 为动词，意为“离开某处；离开某人” 。常跟介词 for 搭配组成词组 leave for ，意为 “出发去；前往”，其后接到达的地点。例如：She will leave London in a few days. 她会在几天内离开伦敦。When do you leave for Beijing?你打算什么时候前往北京？拓展：leave 作动词，意为“放下，丢下” 。例如： Please leave your message here. 请留下你的消息。2. ableable 为形容词，意

2、为“能，能够”。常用搭配 be able to do sth，意为“会/能做某事”，其用 法和含义均跟 can 相近。例如： Ill be able to swim.我将要会游泳了。拓展：词组辨析： be able to 和 can1)be able to 意为“会，能” ，表示经过努力之后做成了某事，可用于各种时态。例如： The patient was soon able to sit up. 病人很快就能坐起来了。2)can 为情态动词，意为“能够；可以”，表示一般的能力。 注意： can 只有一般现在时 can 和一般过去时 could 两种形态。例如： He can speak tw

3、o foreign languages.他会说两门外语。He said he could go.他说他能去。3. tietie 为动词，意为“捆，绑”。常与介词 to 搭配组成词组 tieto,意为“把. 拴在.上” 例如： He ties a bell around the catsneck.他在猫的脖子上系上了一个铃铛。Tie the horse to the tree.把马拴在那棵树上。拓展：tie 还可作名词，意为“领带，领结” ，为可数名词。例如： He always wears a shirt and tie.他总是穿衬衫打领带。4. withoutwithout 为介词，意为“没

4、有，缺乏” 。后面可以跟代词、名词或动名词词组成介宾短语， 常位于句首或句中作状语。与介词 with 互为反义词。例如： I dont like a house without a bathroom. 我不喜欢没有浴室的房子。拓展： with 为介词，意为“有，带有” 。例如： The girl with long hair is my classmate. 长头发的女孩是我同学。5. weak weak 为形容词，意为“虚弱的” 。 例如： He was too weak to say a word.他太虚弱了 , 一句话也说不出来。拓展：weak 词常用与短语 be weak at/in，

5、意为在.方面差；不擅长.”。例如： He is weak at/in English.他英语不好。6. breathebreathe 为动词，意为“呼吸” 。例如： I cantbreathe. 我不能呼吸了。拓展：breathe 的名词形式为 breath,意为呼吸”。常用搭配有： take a (deep)breath (深)呼吸 out ofbreath 喘不上气 hold ones breath屏住呼吸例如： She took a deep breath.她深深地吸了一口气。Im a bit out of braeth after my run. 跑步后我有点上气不接下气。Hold y

6、our breath for a moment. 屏住你的呼吸片刻。7. workwork 为动词,意为“运行” 。 例如： I know how to work the machine.我知道如何开动机器。拓展： work 作动词时,还可以表示“工作” 。例如： His father works on a farm. 他爸爸在农场工作。8. returnreturn 为不及物动词,意为“返回” 。 一般情况下可与短语 come back 互换使用。例如：He returnedto America in the late autumn.他在深秋时节回到了美国。拓展：return 也可作及物动词

7、,意为“归还” ,一般情况下可与短语 give back 互换使用。 例如： Will youreturn my car key?请把汽车钥匙还给我 , 好吗 ?词汇精练I.英汉互译。1._ 日记_2.宇宙飞船3._ 岩石_ 4.呼吸5. 多于 _6. be able to _7. postcard _ 8. so that _9. weak _ 10. tie to _n.根据句意和所给首字母填入的适当单词完成句子。1. She keeps a d_in En glish.2. Man can make s_ rocket model.3. I iplaying in the g_ .4.

8、Some people are n_ in the dark.5. We will do it o_ .6. I drink coffee w_ sugar.7. She was w_after ill ness.8. You should always b_through your no se.9. Can I borrow your c_ ?10. Just put those clothes in the washing m_.川.选用括号内的单词填空。different, space,around, learn, spaceshipsThe uni verse mea ns the E

9、arth, the Sun, the Moon, the stars and the 1 betwee n them. The moonis_ 2_ 380,000 kilometres from the earth. Man has sent some_ 3_ up intospace. They go around the earth. They help us to_ 4_more about the earth, the weather andother thin gs. It makes people from_5_coun tries un dersta nd each other

10、 better.IV.听力链接。（2015 威海中考）参考答案I.英汉互译。1. diary2. spaceship6.能够7.明信片II.根据句意和所给首字母填入的适当单词完成句子。1. diary2. space3. garde n4. n ervous5. ourselves6. with/without7. weak8. breathe9. camera10. mach ine5. A. It s interesting.6. A. He likes readin g.7. A. It doesn t matter.8. A. Not at all, go ahead.9. A. Ye

11、s, he is.B. It s a good idea.B. He s tall.B. Sorry, I won t.B. Yes, you can do it.B. No. he hasn t.10. A. Un iforms.B. Jea ns.C. It tastes nice.C. He s strict.C. You re right.C. No, it s mine.C. He s an engineer.C. Earrin gs.3.rock4. breathe8.以便 9.虚弱的5. more tha n10.把系上，捆上III.选用括号内的单词填空。1. space2.ar

12、ound3. spaceships4.lear n5. Differe ntIV 参考答案及听力材料。5.A 6. B 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.A5. What do you think of the movie?6. What does your father look like?7. Don t be late for class next time, Sam.8. Would you mind my sitting here?9. Is your brother a doctor or an engineer?10. What are you supposed to wear on

13、 school days? 句式精讲1. How far can you see on a clear night?1) How far 意为多远”。 常用于引导提问距离的特殊疑问句， 也可用于句式 How far is it fromto？，意为从 到 的距离是多少？” ，其中介词 from 和 to 后要跟地 点名词。例如： How far is it from the bookstore to our school?从书店到我们学校有多远？How far is your home?你家有多远？2) 在回答 How far is it fromto？句式时，要使用形式主语 it 引导的句式

14、It ismetres from to ”例如： How far is it from your home to school? 从你家到学校有多远。It is nearly 500 metres from my home to school. 从我家到学校大概有 500 米。2. The Moon is around 380,000 kilometres for the Earth, so itlltake us about four days toget there.本句结构为：It takes sb. some time to do sth.的将来时用法，意为某人花费.时间做某事”。在此

15、句型中，根据时态的变化动词 take 会进行相应的变化，将来时结构为 It will takesb. some time to do sth. ，一般过去时结构为 It took sb. some time to do sth. 。 例如： It takes me a hourto finish my homework every evening.每天晚上我都花一个小时的时间写作业。It took them half a day to find the way to the supermarket. 他们花了半天时间才找到超市的路。3. There s no gravity in space,

16、 so we llbe able to float in the spaceship .本句结构为 be able to,意为能够”。后接动词原形，在多数情况下跟情态动词can 可以互换使用。例如： Can you come on Sunday?=Are you able to come on Sunday?你周日能来吗？拓展： be able to 与 can 的用法区别：1)be able to 强调通过努力而获得的能力,而 can 则强调自身已具有的能力。例如： She can sing the song in English.她能用英语唱这首歌。He will be able to s

17、ing this song in English in a few minutes, too. 几小时之后,他也能用英语唱这首歌。2)be able to 强调一种结果,而 can 只强调一种可能。例如： Luckily, he was able to escape from the big fire in the end.幸运的是，他终于逃出了大火。If he got here a few hours earlier, I could save him.要是他早几小时来，我还能救他。3） be able to 可以有各种时态；而can 只有一般现在和一般过去两种时态。例如：I could h

18、elp you last night, but you didn come.昨天晚上我能帮你，而你又没来。Can you see it there? 你能看见它在那儿吗？He is / was / will be able to help you.他能帮你的忙。4）can 可用于表示可能性，推测，允许等情况，而be able to 通常不这样用。例如： Somebody is knocking at the door. Who can it be?有人在敲门，会是谁呢？4. We ll have to tie ourselves to our beds so that we won t flo

19、at away in our sleep.句式 have to 意为必须；不得不”，其后要接动词原形。通常指由于客观原因而不得不做某事。例如：Its dark no w. I have to go home.天黑了，我不得不回家。拓展：have to 与一般情态动词的用法非常相似，都不能单独作谓语而必须接动词原形一起构成谓语。他们之间的不同点在于：1 ）一般的情态动词没有人称和数的变化，时态变化最多仅有一般现在时和一般过去时。而 have to 有人称和数的变化，可用于多种时态中。例如： She has to go to school by bus.她不得不乘公汽上学。2）否定句和疑问句的构成

20、方式不同：一般的情态动词直接在后面加n ot 构成否定句，把这些情态动词提到句首就构成一般疑问句。例如：I can play basketball.我不会打篮球。3） have to 的否定句和疑问句的构成要借助于助动词do 的适当形式或助动词。例如： What does she have to do?她必须做什么？You did nt have to wait for me yesterday.昨天你没有必要等我。句式精练I.按要求转换句型。1. He went to Shanghai.（改为一般将来时）2. He is going to travel into space.（改为同义句）3

21、. Scientists will find life on other planets.（改为否定句）4. It will take us about 4 hours to get there.（就划线部分提问）5. I am able to drive.（改为同义句）n.补全对话。A. how far is it from the Earth to the MoonB. What it aboutC. That snot a very short dista neeD. What do you thinkE. That must be very in teresti ngA: Hi, To

22、m. There will be an exeit ing movie next Friday evening._ 1_ ?B: Really?_2_ ?A: It s about something on the Moon.B:_ 3_ !A: Yes, you know it very close between the Earth and the Moon, maybe we can find somethi ng interesti ng on the Moon.B: Sure, by the way,_4_?A: It s about 380,000 kilometres.B:_ 5

23、_ !A: Hah, that s right. But in space, 380,000 kilometres is not a long way away.III.根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。1. 从天津到北京有多远？_Tianjin to Beiji ng?2. 他出生于 1983 年 7 月 12 日。He_ July 12th, 1983.3. 我不止有 30 本书。I have_ books.4. 我不能出去玩，我有很多的作业要做。I can t go to play, I have_ .5. 去上学的时候别把书忘在家里了。When you go to school, don

24、 t_ at home.6. 我想带些苹果到学校去。I want to_school.7. 我小时候就跑得很快。I_ run very fast whe n I was a child.8. 我们不用买新铅笔了。We_a new pen cil.9. 他正在把狗拴在树上。He_a dog to a tree.10. 没人能不努力工作就成功。No one can be successful_ .IV .用所给词或短语的适当形式填空。 （2015 呼和浩特中考） excite; once or twice; satisfy; come out; all thetime; warn; run; sh

25、ow somebody around; at least; pia no1. You can ride your bike to school, but remember to be careful_ .2. This magazine isn t popular with the students though it_every week.3. It s difficult_ both the old and the young about the program at the same time.4. The kids clapped and shouted_ whe n the actor appeared.5. Though he is very busy, he goes to the movies to relax_ .6. The childre n