完整版主谓一致用法详解及练习题附答案

1、.主谓一致主谓一致是指一个句子的主语和谓语动词保持数的一致关系.英语主谓一致一般要遵循三条原那么,即：语法一致 原那么；意义一致原那么和就近原那么.1 .语法一致原那么语法一致原 那么是指谓语动词和它的主语在语法形式上必须取得一致,即主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式,主 语为复数形式,谓语动词也用复数形式,如：Tom doesnt like swimming. 汤姆不喜欢游泳.Jane and Mary look alike.简和玛丽看起来很像.2 意义一致原那么意义一致原那么是指谓语动词和主语的一致,同由主语所表达的单数概念来决定,而不是根据主语的实际语法形式.有时主语的语法形式是单数,但

2、所表达的概念是复数意义,这时动词应采用复数形式,如：The football team are having breakfast now. 足球队员们在吃早饭.The news was exciting. 这条消息令人振奋.3 .就近原那么就近原那么指谓语动词的人称和数要在形式上与最靠近它的那个名词或代词取得一致.当一个句子有两个主语而它们又是either.or,neither nor,not only - but also,or等连接时,谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致,如：Either your students or Mr Wang knows this. 你的学生们或王老师知道这件事.N

3、either Jim nor his friends were interested in this film.汤姆和他的朋友们都对这部电影不感兴趣.主谓一致这三个原那么中有很多需要注意的问题,1.主语为集体名词1某些集体名词既可表示单数也可表示复数.如果集体名词作为一个整体看待,谓语动词用单数形式,如果就其中一 个成员而言,谓语动词用复数形式,如：Our group were discussing heatedly on the subject. 我们小组成员正对这个问题进行热烈的讨论.group指小组成员Our group is made up of four girls and five

4、 boys.我们小组有 4个女孩和5个男孩组成.group指小组整体 The population in China is very large, and one third of the population are farmers.中国的人口很多,其中三分之一是农民.前一个population指整体,后一个population指成员2某些集体名词如people, police, cattle, youth等常作复数看待,谓语动词与复数形式的谓语搭配,如：The police are searching for him. 警察正在搜寻他.The cattle were driven away

5、 from the hill. 那些牲畜从山上被赶走了.3.某些名词如 equipment 设备,furniture 家具,jewelry 珠宝,clothing 衣服,machinery 机械,表示单数 概念,谓语动词要相应地采用单数形式,如：A lot of equipment has been replaced by the new equipment.许多旧设备已经被新设备代替了.All the machinery in the factory was controlled by robots.这个厂所有的机械都由机器人来限制的.2.主语为代词1.有些代词尽管意义上是多数,但谓语动词要

6、用单数形式,这类代词有：either, neither, each, another, somebody,someone, something, anything, anyone, everyone, everything, everybody, no one, nothing, nobody 等,如： Neither likes the friends of the other. 两人都不喜欢对方的朋友.Everything around us is matter.我们周围所有的东西都是物质.注意：在neither of与either of的结构中,谓语动词可用单数形式也可用复数形式,如：N

7、either of them was / were in good health, but both worked hard.他们俩身体都不好,但工作却都很努力.each用于单数名词前,谓语动词用单数形式,each用于复数主语后,谓语动词用复数形式.each of, each one of后接复数名词或代词,但谓语动词常用单数形式.Each one of the houses was different. 每座房子都不同.Each student has been given their own e-mail address.每个学生都得到了 一个自己的电子邮件地址.They each hav

8、e their own car.他们每个人都有自己的车.(2) .none作主语时,谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数,这要取决于说话人的看法,如：None of us seem to have thought of it.似乎我们全都没有想到这一点.None of us has got a camera. (None = Not a single one)我们者B没有照相机.(3) .both, (a) few, many, several作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式,如：Both (of) the instruments are not precise ones. 这两种仪器并不都是精密仪器

9、.(4) .all作主语表示人时,谓语动词用复数；表示物时,谓语动词用单数,如：All is well that ends well.结果好一切都好.All are eager to reach an agreement. 大家者B急于达成一项协议.(5) .either -or-; neitheror; not only; but also; or连接时谓语通常和最邻近的主语保持一致,如：Not only Mary but also her parents have agreed to go there.不但玛丽而且她的父母都同意去那儿.He or they are to blame ?他还

10、是他们要受惩罚主谓一致中还有其它一些问题也是高考常考的热点,下面补充一下这些语法工程.1 . “a number of +复数名词或代词作主语,表示许多之意,谓语动词一般用复数；the number of +复数名词或代词作主语,表示的数目 ,“的数量,谓语动词一般用单数,如：The number of people invited was fifty, but a number of them were absent for different reasons.被邀请的人数是50人,但很多人因各自不同的原因没有到席.2 .“分数或百分数+of +名词作主语,谓语动词要与of后面的名词保持一致

11、,如：More than 70 percent of the earth s surface is covered by water.地球外表 70% 的地方被水覆盖.3 .主语后面跟有 with, together with, but, along with, like, except, besides, including, in addition to, rather than, as muchas, as well as, no less than等短语时,谓语动词通常和这些短语前面的名词或代词保持一致,如：E-mail, as well as telephones, is playi

12、ng an important part in daily communication.电子邮件及 在日常交往中起着重要的作用.4 .表示数量、距离、金钱、时间、书名等的复数名词作主语时,通常当作整体看待,谓语动词用单数,如：There thousand dollars has been spent on books. 这本书花了 3000 美元.Ten kilometers is a long way. 一万里是一段很长的行程.5 .由and连接并列名词短语作主语时,如果是指两个或更多个人或物,谓语动词要用复数；如果是指同一人或物,谓语动词要用单数.这时, and后面的名词前没有冠词,如：T

13、he singer and dancer is to attend our English party.这位既是歌唱家又是演员的人将参加我们的英语晚会.6 .不定式短语,-ing短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数,如：When and where to build the new factory is not decided yet. 什么时间, 什么地方建这个新工厂还没有决定.7 . “the + 形容词表示一类人,如 the old, the young, the rich, the poor, the black, the white, the dead, the living 等,

14、当 它们用作主语时谓语动词要用复数,如：The old are well looked after by the government.老年人受到政府极好的照顾.8 .在“one of the +复数名词+定语从句结构中,复数名词是先行词,定语从句的谓语动词要用复数,但当one前有the only, the very 等修饰时,one是先行词,定语从句的谓语动词要用单数,如：He is the only one of the students who has been a winner of scholarship for three years.他是唯一一个连续三年获得奖学金的人.She i

15、s one of the few girls who are well paid in the kindergarten.她是在幼儿园薪水很高少数几个女孩中的一个.9 .Quantity + of +名词用作主语,谓语动词和 quantity 保持一致,如：As a result of destroying the forests, quantities of desert have covered the land.由于森林受到了破坏,大量的沙漠覆盖了土地.10 . “ more than one +名词作主语时,谓语动词常用单数：More than one teachers gets th

16、e dictionaries.“many a +名词作主语时,从意义上看是复数,但谓语动词常用单数：Many a workers has been sent to build the dam主谓一致1 .About 60 percent of the students from the south,the rest of them from the north and foreigncountries. A.are;isB.are;areC.is;are2 .Half of the workers here under 30.A.is;yearsB.are;year oldC.is;years

17、 old3 .Now Tom with his classmates football on the playground.A.playB.are playingC.plays4 .The number of pages in this dictionary about two thousand.A.areB.hasC.haveD.is;isD.are;years of ageD.is playingD.isA.areB.isC.wereD.be5 .Thirty dollars too expensive.6 .The secretary and principal at the meeti

18、ng now.A.are speakingB.is speakingC.were making a speechD.have a speech7 . “If anybody,please put down name,“ said the teacher to the monitor.A.wants to buy the book;hisB.want to buy the book;theirC.will buy the book;one sD.wants to have the book bought;her8 .Nothing but one desk and six chairs in t

19、he room.A.areB.is stayedC.isD.are left9 .Between the two roads a TV tower called“ Skyscraper TowerA.standsB.standingC.which standsD.stand10.Either of yougoing there tonight.A.willB.wasC.isD.are11.You as wellright.A.I areB.I amC.as I amD.as I are12.All but Dickin Class Three this term.A.areB.isC.were

20、D.was13 .Where to get the materials and how to get them at the meeting.A.have not discussedB.have not been discussedC.has not discussedD.has not been discussed14.I took mathematics and physics because I think that very important for me to make further research in thisfield.A.what isB.they areC.thisD.which are15.Every student and every teacher. A.are going to attend the me