完整版外研版必修一module5知识详解

1、必修一MODULE 5I.单词荟萃1. n.混合物fmix v.混合 adj.男女混合的2. n.电f electrical adj.与电有关的,用电的felectric adj.电的, 发电的3. n.结论-conclude v.推断出, 断定, 作结论4. n.目标,对准v.对准目标；打算faimless adj.没有目标；无目的的5. reaction n .反响, 回应f v.反响, 作出回应adj.令人吃惊的fastonish v.使7 .安静点8 .过去常常9 .在过去的二十年里10 .要么要么11 .为感到骄傲12 .理应,应当6. equipment n.设备,装备f v.装备

2、, 配备7. adj.吃惊的；惊讶的惊讶astonishment n.惊讶n .短语检测1 .使有条理2 .想起,考虑3 .弄清楚,弄明白4 .把加到5 .使不进入,预防进入6 .开始做,着手干,进行吧m .佳句再现1. the earth s surface is water.地球外表三分之二是水.2. The earth is the moon.地球是月球的五十倍.3. It is hard a world without metals.很难想象一个没有金属的世界.4. Im going to Montreal Ottawa University, as both have goodPhy

3、sics Department.要么去渥太华大学,由于两个大学都有不错的物理系.我要么去蒙特利尔大学, W .单元语法1 .expand v. cause sth. to become greater in size, number or importance膨胀,扩大,增强；扩展,展开expansion n.扩张, 扩展, 膨胀【易混辨析】expand 和 extend（1） expand vt.&vi.强调“使尺寸、数字或数量等扩大,增加,扩大活动范围.如:A tyre expands when you pump air into it.如果你往轮胎里充气,它就会膨胀.Our foreig

4、n trade has expanded greatly in recent years. 我国的对夕卜贸易近年来已有极大开展.（2） extend vt.& vi.强调“时间、空间等的延伸、延展 .如：The road extends for miles and miles.这条路向远处绵延伸展.Can you extend your visit a few days longer?你能多停留几天吗【情景记忆】【活学活用】Why not try toyour story into a novel?你为什么不把你的故事扩展成小说呢?(2)Metalwhen it is heated.金属加热之

5、后就会膨胀.The headmaster our holiday by four days.校长将我们的假期延长了4天.2.conclusion n. 结论, 推论；结尾, 结束 conclude v. 推断出, 断定,做结论；(使)结束(2) come to/draw/reach a conclusion 得出结论jump to a conclusion in conclusion【活学活用】I我断定他是在说谎.匆匆忙忙作出结论最后,总之that he d been lying.3.balance n.平衡v.平衡； 权衡, 使保持平衡(1) keep/lose one s balance保

6、持/失去平衡keep the balance of nature/one s mind 保持自然界 /心态的平衡(2) balance A against B balance A with/and B【活学活用】权衡A与B的重要性 平衡好A与B(1) We must learn to我们必须学会平衡好工作与休息.(2) You have to你必须权衡住在大城市的利与弊.4.equipment n. U设备,装备of living in a big citythe disadvantages.(1) a piece of equipment(2) be equipped for be equi

7、pped with 【易混辨析】equipment 和 facility一件设备准备好,对有准备 装备有,配备有equipment和facility 都可译作设备,(1) equipment是不可数名词,指用于某一特殊目的的东西一一供给品,装备等(the tools,machines, clothes, etc. that you need to do a particular job or activity). 如： medical equipment(2) facility是可数名词,常用复数形式.facilities指为特殊活动或目的所提供的种种便利,包括设备、建筑物和效劳等(rooms

8、, equipment, or services that are provided for a particularpurpose) o 如：sports/leisure facilities【活学活用】(1) .The government has given a lot of to our school.政府已为我们学校配备了很多设备.(2) .The room air conditioners. 这个房间装有空调设备.(3) .This is a five -star hotel with fantastic. 这是一家五星级饭店,设施完善.5.ordinary adj.普通的,平常的

9、；平淡无奇的【易混辨析】ordinary, common, usual 和 normal四个词都含“普通的意思.(1) .ordinary(与众多同类的东西相比)强调“普通的,“平淡无奇的.如：ordinary people like you and me 像你我样的普通人(2) mon强调“由于常见而普通,也可指“共同的,共有的.如：common sense 常识common efforts 共同的努力have sth. in common (with sb./sth.)和有共同之处in common (with sb./sth.) 共同, 共有, 与一样Snow is common in

10、cold countries.在严寒的国家雪是常见的.(3) .usual通常的,惯常的,强调“经常性或与习惯有关.as usual像往常一样She arrived later than usual.她到得比平常晚.As usual, there weren t many people at the meeting.像往常一样,来开会的人不多.(4) normal正常的, 常态的, 往往指“符合某种标准的,或在正常情况下应有的“.如:normal temperature正常体温/温度above/below normal 标准以上 /下return to normal 恢复正常【活学活用】(1)

11、 We were dressed up for the party but she was still in her clothes.我们都为聚会乔装打扮,但她仍然穿着平常的衣服.(2) It s to feel tired after such a long trip.长途旅行之后感到累是正常的.(3) Smith is a very last name in England.在英国史密斯是很常见的姓.(4) Shall we meet at the time and place?我们在老地方老时间见面好吗(5) many people, he prefers classical music

12、 to pop.和许多人一样,和流行音乐相比,他更喜欢古典音乐.V .短语学习1addto把加到 add to增加add sth. up把加起来add up to总计为,总数达；结果是add that补充说【温馨提示】add to表示“增加了 时,后面常跟抽象名词,如：add to our difficulties增加了我们的困难；而addto意思是“把加到,常跟具体的名词.另外 add表示“补充 说,又说时, 也是常考点, 需要重点记忆.【活学活用】(1) If you 4 _ 5, you will get 9.四加五等于九.(2) He wrote down the weight of

13、each stone and.他把每一块石头的重量记下来,然后把所有的重量加在一起.(3) Her graceful manner her beauty.她优雅的举止增加了她的美丽.2.keep (sb.) out (of sth.) 把关在外面； 阻止入内；不参加；不进去(1) keep away (使)远离,保持距离keep off(使)避开；不(让)接近(2) keep 使保持、维持(在同一水平)；使不低落； 继续keep up with 跟上, 不落后keep 限制, 抑制；隐瞒；留/扣下；阻碍(某人)开展keep to the road/the point/one s promise

14、不偏离道路/主题/遵守诺言【易混辨析】keep away from, keep off 和 keep () out (of )keep away from与keep off意义接近,但前者强调“保持距离,而后者强调“不接近,不碰触.keep () out (of)那么强调“保持在之外,还可以引申为“置身于之外,不参与,不干预.如：I told the children to keep away from the fire.我让孩子们离火远点.Keep your hands off me!把你的手拿开,不要碰我.Outside the room is a sign saying Danger:

15、Keep out. 房间外面有个标志提醒“危险, 请 勿入内.【活学活用】用keep相关短语的正确形式填空(1) .Food production is not population growth.(2) .You d better their quarrel.(3) .The notice said the grass.(4) .I got the feeling that he was something from us.(5) .She was struggling to the tears.(6) .When you are visiting the park, you must it

16、s rules.(7) .Do something to your spirits.3.go ahead (used to give sb. permission to do sth., or let them speak before you )说口巴, 干口巴, 开始做；(to be carried out; take place)发生, 进行；走在前面,先走go against违背,对不利；与相反go all out to do/for sth.全力以赴做某事go by(时间)过去；依据,遵循go down下降,降低go up上升,(房屋)建立起来go on继续；发生, 进行；(时间)过

17、去go on with sth.继续做某事go on doing继续做(原来的事)go on to do接着做(另外一件事)【活学活用】用go相关短语的正确形式填空(1) Do you mind if I open the window?No,.(2) The building of the new bridge will as planned.(3) The company will improve next year s sales.(4) She was scared to her father s wishes.(5) As the weeks, I became more and m

18、ore worried.(6) New buildings are all around the town.4.used to do (happened regularly or all the time in the past, but does not happen now)过去常 常做某事be/get used to (doing) sth.习惯于be used to do被用来做【易混辨析】used to 和 would(1) .used to多有“过去如此,现在不这样的比照含义,不与一段时间状语连用.(2) .would多表示过去习惯性的动作,常与具体的时间状语连用,或与often,

19、 sometimes或for hours 连用.如：He would always be the first to offer to help.他总是会第一个主动提出帮助.【本卷须知】(1)疑问式：Used you to /Did you use to 否认式：used not to/usedn; t to/didn t use to(2)used to后的不定式可以承前省略到to,但假设后面是be,那么be需保存.如：He is not an actor. But he used to be.【活学活用】(1) .and take an hour s walk before breakfas

20、t.我过去常常早起,并且在早餐前散步一小时.(2) .He in the country.他已习惯于住在乡下.(3) .Bamboo.竹子可以被用来造纸.5.be proud of 对感到自豪be proud to do/that 对感至 U 自豪take pride in以感到自豪；对感到得意【活学活用】(1) He his children s achievements.他为孩子们的成就感到骄傲.(2) your friend.做你的朋友我感到骄傲.6.be supposed to do sth.被期望或被要求(按规那么、惯例等)做某事,理应Suppose/Supposing (that)

21、假设,如果(引导条件状语从句,相当于if)【活学活用】(1) You here.你不应该呆在这儿.(2) , can we play the match indoors?要是下雨的话,我们在室内比赛行吗VI句型学习2.1 t is hard to think of a world without metals.很难想象一个没有金属的世界.句型公式It is + adj. + to do sth.做某事【句式点拨】在该句型中it用作形式主语,真正的主语为动词不定式.【相关拓展】(1)It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.对于某人来说做某事在该句式中,作表语的形容词说明

22、不定式行为的性质和特点.常见的形容词有：easy,important, difficult, possible, necessary 等.(2)It is + adj. + of sb. to do sth.某人做某事在该句式中,作表语的形容词表达不定式的逻辑主语的品行、性格或性质.常见的形容词有：kind, nice, good, honest, careful, clever, wise, stupid, foolish, rude 等.(3)It is + adj./n. + that 做某事it作形式主语,that从句作真正的主语. 【活学活用】(1) to lose three pa

23、irs of glasses.你丢了三副眼镜真是太粗心了.(2)meet?我们非见面不可吗(3) he didn t come to our party.很遗憾他没来参加我们的聚会.2.The closer you are, the more you ll see.你靠得越近,看到的就越多.句型公式“ the +比较级,the +比较级结构该结构表示“越就越,前面“the+比较级相当于一个条件状语从句.【温馨提示】该句型中,比较级的后面如果修饰了名词,那么要把这个名词和比较级一起放到最前面,后面跟句子的其余局部.如：The harder you work, the more progress

24、you will make.你越努力,取得的进步就会越大.【活学活用】The more careful you are,in the experiment.你越小心,在实验中犯的错误就越少.课后习题I .单词拼写1. You may imagine their 惊讶的look when they find the room empty.2. The hotel has its own pool and leisure f.3. I wonder how the audience r to his speech.4. Boats f in the direction of wind if the

25、y are not controlled.5. It s common sense that ice f when water freezes.n .选词填空think of, add to, put in order, either - or, be proud of1. . Many words have this edition of the dictionary.2. you _ he is the next to be on duty.3. It s hard a world without electricity.4. I the achievements you ve made

26、these years.5. Now it s time for you to your life.m .单项填空1 . 2021 -全国卷 n The doctor thought would be good for you to have a holiday.A. this B. that C. one D. it2. 2021 辽宁卷 I probably shouldn t have any more cake. Oh, . It won t kill you.A. go ahead B. hold on, please C. you re welcome D. that ll do3. English is hard for me and Physics is harder.Aa little; a lotB a lot; alittleCa bit; moreD rather;a great deal of4. In my opinion, life in the twenty -first century is much easier than .Athat used tobeB it is used toCit