新人教非谓语动词、复合句、时态、作文、阅读理解

1、高考备考资料:非谓语动词、复合句、时态、作文、阅读理解非谓语动词上句中的on hearing若没有on，只是一个分词短语句子也正确。加上on后生动形象，要比as soon as后跟状语从句好。偏难题： such heavy pollution, it might be a bit late to clean up the river.A. Having suffered B. Suffered C. To suffer D. Being suffered答案A送分题：1 _ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean doesnt s

2、eem big at all.A. Compare B. When comparing C. When compared D. Comparing答案C.2 by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.A. Attracting B. AttractedC. To be attracted D. Having attracted答案 B,应会题：1 You were silly not _ your car.A. to lock B. to have lo

3、cked C. locking D. having locked答案B，不定式的完成式，非常重要，属易错题2. I dont know whether you happen _, but Im going to study in the U.S.A. this September.A. to be heard B. to be hearingC. to hear D. to have heard答案D，与上题同属一个概念。3. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _ the film stars had left.A. to tell

4、 B. to be told C. told D. telling答案B，应知应会，系常用概念。4Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time _ the exam.A. pass B. to pass C. passed D. passing答案D, 常见句型。5The old man,_ abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.A. to work B. to have workedC. working D. having wor

5、ked答案D, 常见易混。6_ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.A. Not completing B. Not having completedC. Not completed D. Having not completed答案B，常见易混。7Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents _.A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. wor

6、ry答案A, get用法大多数同学明白，此句题干较为生涩，容易出错。8. -English has a large vocabulary, hasnt it?-Yes. _ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate.A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Known答案A, 严格讲此题不属于非谓语动词，但是另外三个干扰项都是非谓语动词，且具一定迷惑作用，所以虽然考查句子，但是放到非谓语类也顺理成章。9 Alice returned from the ma

7、nagers office _ me that the boss wanted to see me at once.A. having told B. tells C. to tell D. telling答案D, 由于与概念相关，而且又考查学生细心与否，此题易出错。10 Helon had to shout _ above the sound of the music.A. making herself hear B. to make herself hearC. making herself heard D. to make herself heard答案D,考点与上句相同。11”We c

8、ant go out in this weather,” said Bob, _ out of the window.A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked答案A, 集概念与细心于一题，易错。12Sarah, hurry up. Im afraid you wont have time to _ before the party.A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change答案A, 学生们因混淆而出错。以上是2004年全国15份英语试卷中较有特色的非谓语动词题

9、。摘选的目的是想说明此语法项目的重要性。其实历年的试卷中还有许多有特色而且本身不难，但是正答率却不高的考题。分析原因，一方面，概念不清；另一方面做题时粗心；还一方面则是练习的量与频度不够。英语复合句作为必考项，复合句属应知应会内容。每年高考单选题中涉及复合句的题，少则2道、多则2道，从得分情况看，中等难度的题所占比重较大，较少偏怪难题。复合句的种类很多，出现频度最高的是定语从句，其次为状语从句。由于不同语言间差异大，中文虽然也有，但是与英语有很多的不同。所以理清概念，立足普及，常练巩固，最终提高。较难题示例：1. The journey around the world took the ol

10、d sailor nine months,_ the sailing time was 226 days.A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which答案： 正答率不足30%，误选者极多。问题在于对非限定性定语从句的理解有误。2. I think Father would like to know _ I ve been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note. A. which B. what C. why D. how答案B，问题出在对be up to这个短语的认知

11、上。 送分题示例：1 The 2004 Olympic Games were held in Greece _ the games were born.A. which B. that C. where D. /答案C, 此题整答率80%。2 Roses need special care _ they can live through winter.A. so that B. even if C. because D. so答案A。应知应会题：1I work in a business _ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.A. ho

12、w B. which C. where D. that答案C。2You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _ I disagree.A. why B. where C. what D. how答案B。 问题是disagree 的词性。 3. I hope you dont mind me asking, _ where did you buy the shoes?A. so B. and C. yet D. but答案D 。语言习惯及语感。4. There were dirty marks on her trousers

13、_ she had wiped her hands.A. where B. which C. when D. that答案A。理解句意和判定何种复合句。5Paul had to write a history paper, _ he couldnt find time to do it.A. but B. so C. because D. if答案A。6Several weeks had gone by _ I realized the painting was missing.A. as B. since C. before D. when 答案C。对before与when 的理解。此题错误

14、率极高。7 Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _ of course, made the others envy him.A. who B. that C. what D. which答案D。这种带插入语的情况尤其应引起注意。8A modern city has been set up in _ was a wasteland years ago.A. what B. which C. that D. where答案A。正答率不足20%，问题出在从句类型的定位。须多见才能掌握。9. You can eat

15、 food free in my restaurant _ you like.A. whenever B. wherever C. whatever D. however答案A。句意易与C混.(35%)10. _ modeling business is by no means easy to get into, the good model will always be in demand.A. While B. Since C. As D. If答案A11. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, _ our astronauts

16、 desire to do is walk in space.A. where B. what C. that D. how答案B 。相当多的同学，误以为这是定语从句。12Jasmine was holidaying with her family in wildlife park _ she was bitten on the leg by a lion.A. when B. while C. since D. once答案A。错的原因在于对she was bitten on the leg by a lion里。13Parents are taught to understand _ im

17、portant education is to their childrens future.A. that B. how C. such D. so答案B。能知道从句的结构就会提高准确率。14There was _ time _ I hated to go to school.A. a , that B. a , when C. the , that D. the , when答案B。 当冠词与关系代词混合在一起考查时，同学们做题的兴奋点放在相对难的冠词上，忽略了对句子意思的探究，因此出错。15You should try to get a nights sleep_ much work y

18、ou have to do.A. however B. no matter C. although D. whatever答案A。占60%的考生出错。16What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it.A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which答案A。17. Scientist say it may be five or six years _ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.

19、A. since B. after C. before D. when 答案C，中英语表达不同。相当多的学生还不适应。典型题例作到真正明白。不能因为中文也有复合句就对常见题掉以轻心，正确方法是练。英语时态英语学习中，难点与要点之一是动词的时态与语态，理由很简单，中文无时态，因此难；还由于日常生活中大量使用而且灵活，因此每年高考中都是重要考点。我们师生须花一定气力用在时态与语态的练习上。但是，我们的关注点不是难偏怪题，但也不是送分题，而是常见常用的、中等难度的题。这样才不会在最后复习阶段迷失方向，才能作到心中有数。偏怪题示例：Tom sat under a huge tree, and seei

20、ng his friends coming, excitedly _up at once.A. standing B. stood C. to stand D. had stood 答案B送分题示例：1. -I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday.-Oh, how nice! Do you know when she _?A. was leaving B. had left C. has left D. left答案D 2. -You were out when I dropped in at your house.-Oh

21、, I _ for a friend from England at the airport.A. was waiting B. had waitedC. am waiting D. have waited答案A应知应会题：1. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _ advertisements showing happy families.A. will often see B. often C. are often seeing D. have often seen答案A， 考查概念，体现了交际原则。当我们谈交际时，不能简单

22、理解为对话，日常交际的对话是一种形式，相互谈观点的对话也是一种形式，有些情况下命题者不以对话形式出现，但是其内容却体现了交际的原则。比如此题。2 It is said in the book that Thoms Edison(1847-1934)_ the world leading inventor for sixty years.A. would be B. has been C. was D. had been答案C ,这是一道易错题，主要受初中学完成时态及中英语语系不同的影响。3He kept looking at her, wondering whether he _ her so

23、mewhere.A. saw B. has seen C. sees D. had seen答案D，是一道易错题。受中英语表述不同的影响。4More patients _ in hospital this year than last year.A. treated B. have treatedC. had been treated D. have been treated 答案D， 此题应知应会，常见且易错。因为涉及到概念。5Sales at CDs have greatly increased since the earli 1990s, when people _ to enjoy t

24、he advantage of this new technology.A. began B. begin C. have begun D. had begun答案A，易错题6 My mind wasnt on what he was saying so Im afraid I _ half of it.A. was missing B. had missed C. will miss D. missed7. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _ visiting a museum when the earthquake st

25、ruck.A. was B. were C. had been D. would be答案A. 时态兼单复数判断。 8The discussion _ alive when an interesting topic was brought in.A. was coming B. had come C. has come D. came答案D 。如果意识不到是个系动词，则很难正确判断。 9. -George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding?-No, I _. Did they have a big weddi

26、ng?A. was not invited B. have not been invitedC. hadnt been invited D. didnt invite答案C，A项的干扰作用较大。10. She _ her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Chongqing for a better job.A. would change B. has changed C. changed D. was changing答案C，其实不难判断，但是2004年重庆考生的正答率仅35%。11The old couple have been ma

27、rried for over forty years, and never once _ with each other.A. they had quarreled B. they have quarreledC. have they quarreled D. had they quarreled答案C, 对于现在的学生此题也许不难，然而2003年时，正答率仅26%。问题在于时态判断有误，而不是倒装本身。12. All morning as she waited for the medical repot from the doctor, her nervousness _.A. has gr

28、own B. is growing C. grew D. had grown答案C. 2003年误选D的考生极多。问题出在机械理解过去时和过去完成时。13. - Excuse me, sir. Would you do me a fever?-Of course. What is it?-I _ if you could tell me how to fill out the form.A. had wondered B. was wonderingC. would wonder D. did wonder答案B，我们常说语法知识点的考查放在具体语境中。此题是对话，透过语言环境，我们能反映出这

29、样的场景，“刚才我还在考虑。 ”显而易见应当是过去进行时。14. The little girl _ her heart out because she _ her toy bear and believed she wasnt ever going to find it.A. had cried; lost B. cried; had lostC. has cried; has lost D. cries; has lost答案B，相当比例的考生A与C，与上题一样也是2002年北京考卷。这样的试题很具代表性，是易错题。15. I _ ping-pong quite well, but I h

30、avent had time to play since the new year.A. will play B. have played C. played D. play答案D，受中文影响，错的同学特别多。上述15题全部选自2002，2003及2004年的高考试题，而且都是错误率较高的题。分析原因，不难看出中学生受多种因素影响时态判断常出错。解决的办法有二：其一，了解基本概念；其二，多做、常做中等难度的题，有数量才有质量。那种仅凭理解概念就可应对的想法与做法，是无法解决实际问题的。英语作文短文写作中，分为三种情况，1）表格提示，如苏、浙、闽、津、鄂；2）文字提示，如全国四份题、沪；3）图画

31、提示，如京、渝、湘、粤、辽新课标在写的方面对高三学生的要求是：1.能根据所读文章进行转述或写摘要；2.能根据用文字几图表提供的信息写短文或报告；3.能写出语意连贯且结构完整的短文，叙述事情或表达观点和态度；4.能在写作中做到文体规范、语句通顺。全国四套题写作难度统计数据分别为0.5, 0.52，0.55，0.42，其他单独命题省市中北京0.48，天津0.5、福建0.5 8、湖南0.51、广东0.56、重庆0.58、湖北0.47、辽宁0.48，上海与2003年持平，浙江则与全国卷大体相当，上述数据证明了全国广大中学生中，中等水准及此水准以上者基本达到了新课标的要求。从命题要求角度分析，2004年

32、短文写作的三种形式也基本符合新课标中“写作任务、话题、语言结构、文体等要求应与高中学生认知能力发展、生活体验和语言能力相适应”的原则。从而也为各层面考生从容发挥奠定了基础。无论表格提示、文字提示还是图画及图表提示，都有很出色的话题，在表格提示的五个省市中，江苏省的话题作文很有特色。题目立足于长江边的江城，使人想到风景如画、经济发达、教育先进等信息点，同时也由此联系到污染问题。尤其最后一点谈“对江城发展的看法”，给予考生很大的描写空间，能充分展示学生的写作功底。词组运用上可考虑到lie on, stand on ,a beautiful place to live in ,in my opini

33、on, under control, 句型方面能使用定语从句、宾语从句如a beautiful place you like to live in, I also think that the growth of its population should be ，时态则可使用诸如In the past ten years my hometown has developed greatly in its economic field. Its economic has been developing rapidly in the past ten years. Well have a bett

34、er hometown in the future. 等完成时、将来时及较高级词汇和较复杂的语言结构。文字类提示也很到位。以全国卷第二套题为例（晋冀鲁豫皖赣六省使用），要求考生写一封信告诉在华学中文的外国留学生，北京电视台将举办外国人学中文唱中国歌才艺大赛的消息并建议他参赛。由于该题目没有起始句，因此考生应想到写出一合乎逻辑的开头。所给信息点中提到读报获悉，这样read in the newspaper, learn from the newspaper等相关的短语就油然而生了。尔后，要求同学们写全要点并且突出某些重点，提示中“你（李华）觉得他应去试一试，”“并表示可以提供帮助”，这无疑给广大

35、同学提供了很大的想象与发挥空间，比如：like singing, be good at singing, a good chance ，singing talent, take the good chance, dont let the good chance slip through your fingers等。最后还应想到写出一个合乎逻辑的结尾 If there is anything I can do for you, I would be more than glad to help. 若这样安排，短文不仅完整，而且精彩。对照评分标准中覆盖所有内容要点，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇（尽力

36、使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇）的要求，得到好分数岂不成竹在胸了吗？更为优秀者当属上海卷的日记，词数120150。提示言简意赅，老师要求你负责班级墙报工作并征求你的意见。在日记中表述你的决定并谈谈想法。谈决定及表述想法意境独到，因为考生自由发挥的空间极大。无论是何种决定都要有一相对应的想法需要表述。以参考范文为例， Monday June 6 FineToday the teacher had a talk me. He asked me to take charge of the class wall newspaper and asked me about my plan on running

37、 it. I thought it an honor to be appointed as the editor of the wall newspaper, and I was confident I could do a good job, so I gladly accepted the job. And I promised to tell him the detail tomorrow. Now Ive decided that I will invite some of my good friends to join in the designing of the wall new

38、spaper. Everyone will be encouraged to express their opinions on running it and to write articles for it. The wall newspaper will be a good place for various discussion , or even arguments, and it will be a source of the latest information, too, covering sports, music, films and so on. It will be co

39、lorful as well, with articles, photos, drawings, and even interesting toys included. I think the teacher will like the ideas. 通常情况下日记使用过去时，此文亦不例外，连续好几句使用过去时态。然而，从“我已决定 ”起，时态则转变成将来时。这在一般日记中不多见，由此可见命题者匠心独具。对考生的要求也大大提高了一步。考生若依以往概念去写，肯定会出大错。另外从遣词造句看，考生可发挥的空间也很大，比如，负责(to take charge of)、管理(to run )、高兴(to

40、 be pleased to)、荣誉(to have the honor )、表达观点(to express ones opinions)、讨论(to have discussions about)、争论(to argue)、覆盖(to cover)。这类词或词组的使用无疑使短文增添风采，提升短文的质量。倘若考生再适当使用复合句或非谓语动词短语，获取高分应不成为问题。图画类中佼佼者当属广东的短文写作，两幅小画。说的是我（李华）晚间读书，隔壁传来阵阵足球实况转播的种种吵嚷声，我去交涉，对方致歉的过程。要求明确，写一篇英文作文。考生应想到首先拟题目，尔后根据图画内容进行详略筛选，晚9点必不可少，我

41、在做作业、邻居屋传来喧哗、他在看球、我无法继续学习、堵住耳朵都不行、我去交涉、我说的话、对方感到不好意思、我又能学习了。这一切用英语表达不会很难，但是若很好组篇也不容易。因为要突出重点，语句要通畅，用词要考究，连接成分要适当。Whats the Matter?About 9 oclock last night, I was doing my homework. Suddenly I heard my neighbor shouting and laughing loudly. He was watching a football game on TV. I couldnt go on stud

42、ying and became impatient. I covered my ears, trying to keep the noises out, but failed. So I had to go to my neighbor. I knocked at his door and said, “Good evening, Mr Wang. Could you please turn down your TV a bit? I am doing my homework.”“Oh, I am really sorry to have disturbed you. Well do as y

43、ou say.” My neighbor said politely.“Thank you very much.” I said and went back to continue my study.上述短文仅是一例，写得好的地方也不仅仅就是那么几处，由于有若干种写法，上文也未必是最佳者。但是，他确实给考生以相当大的发挥空间。远比纯粹的文字提示或表格提示更利于考量考生的英语写作水准，也强于有些老生常谈的追风图画写作。至于说中了哪些省市的题目，请读者、学生、教师、家长们横向比较吧。英语书面表达作为检测学生驾驭语言能力的一种强有力手段，其话题是非常重要的。首先，应贴近生活；再者，应易于表达；此外，

44、所叙及的事还应是发生过、正发生或很快能发生。这样才与高三学生的水平相适应，如与此相左，则很难考核考生的水平。2004年有些题目及内容就令人很不满意，给出的中文就超过了100字，却还要限制考生写100词左右；要求考生不要逐字翻译，可是范文却与提示几乎一样。真是与其昏昏，使人昭昭了。阅读理解 阅读理解不仅现在即使将来，也是英语学习中和中国人接触外语的最主要途径。因此，在各级各类考试中，对阅读理解的测试始终是重点。阅读理解的测试要点如下：1 理解主旨大意；2 寻读具体信息； 3 理解细节；4 根据上下文提供的语境，推测生词词义，进而加深对文段的理解； 5 简单的判断和理解；6 理解文段的基本逻辑结构

45、；7 理解作者的意图和态度；8 理解文段的文化信息。9 理解图表信息； 10 理解指代关系；基于上述测试要点，作为一个高中毕业生，在阅读过程中必须具备下列技能，这样才能获取和处理信息。1 略读；2 找读； 3 预测下文4 理解大意；5 分清文章中的事实和观点；6 猜测词义；7 推理判断；8 了解重点细节；9 理解文章结构；10 理解图表信息；11 理解指代关系；12 理解逻辑关系；13 理解作者意图 ；14 评价阅读内容。从高考命题的实际情况看，命题者常用下述方法提问：1. What is the purpose of the text?2. What does the author main

46、ly tell us about in the passage?3. What can we infer from the passage?4. What can be inferred from the passage?5. It can be concluded from the text that_?6. What can we learn from the text?7. What is the general idea/ main idea of the text?8. The passage mainly focuses on _?9. What is the main subje

47、ct discussed in the text?10. It can be inferred from the passage that_?11. It can be inferred from the that the author seems to _?12. What is the best title of the text/for the article?13. The best title for this passage is ?14. What can we infer from the last/the first two paragraphs?15. The meanin

48、g of the word/sentence in Paragraph X is related to _?16. In Paragraph X, “X X X” can be replaced by _?17. The underlined word “ X ”/sentence in Paragraph X probably mean _.18. The text is mainly written to explain _.19. Which of the following statements is true?20. Which of the following is NOT men

49、tioned in the text?作为一名高三毕业生，如果真正作好上边所有各项，就应当做好下面所有要求：1学会使用3300个左右的单词和400500个习惯用语或固定搭配、400500个合成词与派生词；目前阶段至少掌握2000个以上单词；2除教材外，课外阅读量应累积达到30万词以上，换言之，长度300词左右的文段1000篇；3能通过分析句子的结构理解难句和长句；（能理解语言结构有一定难度或有一定新语言现象的文段）4能根据阅读目的和文段的不同，调整阅读速度和阅读方法，阅读速度每分钟7080词。为了在高考中取得相对理想的成绩，师生必须十分关注阅读，并把阅读当成每天生活内容的一部分。带着兴趣阅读英

50、语，并且在阅读中增加兴趣。怎样做才能有阅读的兴趣？每天读你感兴趣的短文，一般情况下男生热心体育，那么体育新闻、著名体育运动员的兴趣爱好内容的文章男生很可能更愿意阅读；女生对涉及歌星、影星之类信息或许较为感兴趣，那么这方面的文段有可能吸引她们。其他一般知识性小短文无论是哪类同学，都会感兴趣。当你读这类文章时，切记不要做题。阅读的目的在于培养兴趣、形成语感、扩大视野、稳定词汇保有量。当前，相当多的同学对英语不感兴趣，很大程度是因做理解题所致。然而，不做题并不意味不思不想，当你读完一篇后，最好掩卷而思，默想一下这篇短文都讲了什么内容，你明白了什么。让文章以整篇的形式浮现在你的脑海中。这样，就不会是一

51、句句的单个句意或只记住最一两句的意思，而无法形成篇章意识。这种阅读方法在冲刺阶段极为重要，对兴趣和能力的提高作用明显！除了上述的泛读外，每天还应根据高考的需求进行针对性阅读。具体做法是，阅读一至二篇有阅读理解题的文段，每篇时间控制在5-7分钟。阅读步骤：先对文章作一体裁定位，说明文、论说文、叙述文、说明、广告或是识图？根据历年考试的情况看，说明文、论说文的文长基本控制在300词左右。因此，文章的主旨大意多出现在第一段，甚至第一段的前几句，最后一段多与第一段呼应；至于中间的部分，多是论据或说明文的展开部。阅读理解的问题也多是：1 What is the best title for/of the

52、 passage? 2 What can be inferred from the passage?3 What does the author mainly tell us about in the text?4 What is mainly discussed in the article/passage/text? 之类的问题。做答这类问题时，将阅读重点放在首尾部分，中间部分则可采用略读或扫读的方式，一则省时间，二则目标明确，正答率自然也相应提高了。示例：2004年全国卷II, C篇,介绍1971年版大众车。根据内容，是一篇说明小文。Its not the flashiest car in the world