经济政治文化术语

1、经济类1 增收节支Increase revenue and cut government 2 保持双边贸易的平衡Balance the two-way trade 3 方便的付款方式a convenient method of payment 4 打破地区封锁和待业垄断Break regional blockades and trade monopolies 5 通货贬值/升值Currency depreciation/appreciation 6 盈利能力Earning capability 7 经济指标Economic indicators 8 经济总量 economic aggregat

2、e9 新兴市场经济 emerging market economy10. 经营效率 efficiency in operation11. 规模经济 economy of scale12. 经济实力 economic strength13. 经济手段 economic measure14. 经济增长点 economic growth point15. 经济效益 economic efficiency16. 工农业总产值 gross output value of industry and agriculture17. 宏观调控 macro-economic control18. 固定资产投资 i

3、nvestment in fixed asset19. 无形贸易 invisible trade20. 海外投资 outbound/overseas investment21. 市场调节 market regulation22. 负增长 negative growth23. 市场需求价格 market demand price24. 净值收益率 income to net worth ratio25. 经济平稳较快发展 steady and rapid economic development26. 经济繁荣和社会进步 economic prosperity and social progre

4、ss政府管理1 西部大开发 the strategy of developing the western region2 再就业下岗人员 re-employment of laid-off workers3 解放和发展生产力 release and develop productive forces4 城镇社会保障体系 urban social security system5 城镇住房制度改革 reform of the urban housing system6 促进社会和谐稳定 promote social harmony and stability7 打击取缔非法收入 crack do

5、wn on and ban illegal income8 服从全局，服务全局 be subordinate to and serve the overall interests of the country9 肝胆相照，荣辱与共 treat each other with sincerity and share weal and woe10. 公共服务和社会管理 public services and administration11合理的收入分配制度 rational income distribution system12和衷共济，团结奋斗 concerted and strenuous

6、 efforts13社会主义法治国家 socialist country under the rule of law14日益增长的物质文化需求 growing material and culture needs15依法行政，公正严明的政府 a government that respects legal system and rules strictly and impartially16依法治国 run the country according to law17食品药品质量监管 oversight and supervision of food and drug quality18推进事

7、业单位改革 push forward the reform of institution19维护社会公平正义 safeguard social fairness and justice 20中华民族的无疆大爱 boundless love of the Chinese nation21和.持相同观点 share views similar22政府促进就业的责任 responsibility of the government for stimulating employment23三个代表重要思想 the important thought of Three Represent24对人民高度负

8、责的态度 maintain a high sense of responsibility to people25扭转收入差距扩大的趋势 reverse the widening income gap26以人为本 put people first27与时俱进 advance with the times28社会主义制度的无比优越 incomparable superiority of the socialist system29科学发展观 scientific outlook on development社会现象类1 为.树立榜样 set example for2 引起了警惕和重视 cause

9、alarm and attention3 确保执行 ensure implementing activities4 人民生活水平的显著提高稳步增长 the remarkable improvement/steady growth of peoples living standard5 有争议的问题 a controversial issue6 完全不同的观点 a totally different argument7 发挥着日益重要的作用 play an increasingly important role in8 考虑到诸多因素 take many factors into account

10、/consideration9 就.达到绝对的一致 reach an absolute consensus on10. 热烈的讨论/争论 a heated discussion/debate11. 社会发展的必然结果 the inevitable result of social development12. 引起了广泛的公众关注 arouse wide public concern/draw public attention13. 就达成绝对的一致 reach an absolute consensus on14. 有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons

11、15. 不可否认 it is undeniably that./there is no denying that16. 利远远大于弊 the advantage far outweigh the disadvantage17. 导致，引起 lead to/give rise to/contribute to/result in18. 复杂的社会现象 a complicated social phenomenon文化类1 举行每年一次的学术会议 hold an annual academic meeting2 尊重知识，尊重人才 respect knowledge and respect com

12、petent peop3 向世界展示中国文化 introduce chinas achievements of culture advancement to the world4 加强文化基础设施建设 build more cultural establishment5 提倡文明的生活方式 advocate civilized life style（way）of life6 不注重历史 neglect history7 推动人类文明的进步 push forward human civilization8 有力地推动教育的发展 give a big push to the development

13、 of educa9 承前启后，继往开来 build on the past and prepare for the future，inherit the past and usher in the future10. 物质文明，精神文明一起抓 pay equal attention to the material progress and cultural progress经济行业术语经济指标 economic indicators社会总产值 total product of society国民生产总值 GNP (Gross National Product)国内生产总值 GDP (Gros

14、s Domestic Product)人均国内生产总值 GDP per capita工农业总产值 gross output value of industry and agriculture国民收入 national income购买力平价法 purchasing power parity财政收入 state revenue社会商品零售总额 total volume of retail sales社会零售物价总指数 general retail price index百分点 percentage points消费者物价指数(Consumer Price Index)，英文缩写为CPI"

15、;八五"计划 the 8th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development计划经济 planned economy统购统销 state monopoly over purchase and marketing市场经济 market economy指令性计划 mandatory plan指导性计划 guidance plan市场调节 market regulation建立市场经济、法制、民主监督和廉政"三个机制" establish operational mechanisms of mark

16、et economy, rule by law, democratic supervision and incorruptible government抓好农业、交通能源、教育科技"三个基础" stress priorities over agriculture, transportation and energy supply, education and science and technology实现产业结构、生态环境和人口素质"三个优化" optimize industrial structure, ecological environment

17、and the quality of population第一、二、三产业 primary, secondary and tertiary industries外向型经济 export-oriented economy创汇型企业 foreign exchange-earning enterprise劳动密集型 labor intensive技术、智力、资本密集型 technology, knowledge or capital intensive高附加值的深加工 down-stream processing with high added-value优化资源配置 optimize alloca

18、tion of resources生产力 productive forces生产资料 capital goods科研成果产业化 industrialization of research findings火炬计划 Torch Plan技术入股 technology appraised as capital stock风险投资 venture investment/capital固定资产投资 investment in fixed assets折旧费 depreciation cost关系民生的产品 products vital to the people's livelihood供大于

19、求 oversupply供不应求 short supply经济过热 overheated economy抑制炒房地产热 stem frenzied and speculative trading in the property market宏观调控 macro-economic control经济杠杆 economic levers产业政策 industrial policy财政, 税收, 信贷，利率, 汇率 public financing, taxation, credit, interest rate, exchange rate提高经济效益 enhance economic perfo

20、rmance/returns社会效益 social effect/returns实现持续、稳定、协调的发展 bring about sustained, stable and coordinated development财政赤字(盈余 ) budget deficit(surplus)外贸出口总额 gross foreign export value外商直接投资协议金额 contracted foreign direct investment实际利用外资 foreign investment in actual use三资企业(中外合资合作、外商独资经营) three kinds of en

21、terprises with foreign investment: Sino-foreign joint venture, contractual joint venture允许外商独资经营 allow full foreign equity operation优惠条件 confessional terms; favorable terms减免税收 tax reduction and exemption合作方式 approaches to cooperation出资方式 means of contributing investment合营期限 contract term of a joint

22、 venture三来一补 (来料加工,来件装配,来样加工) processing and compensation trades(processing with materials or given samples, assembling supplied components)贸易伙伴 trade partner转口贸易 transit trade外贸顺差 foreign trade surplus积极引进外来资金、技术、人才和管理经验 actively introduce capital, technology, competent professionals and managerial

23、 expertise form outside交钥匙工程 turn-key project招标承包制 bidding invitation contract system招标出售技术 bids for technology公开招标 call for bid; tenders招标单 invitation for bid (IFB)标书 bidding document竟标 competitive bidding投标 bid for a project投标报价书 bid proposals评标 bid proposal evaluation开标 bid opening中标 win a bid; b

24、e awarded a tender拍卖 auction租赁 leasing保税区 bonded area; free trade area实行全方位开放 practice multi-directional opening统一政策、放开经营、平等竞争、 unified policy, liberalized operation, and equal competition自负盈亏、工贸结合、推行代理制 responsibility for one's own profits and losses, the integration of industry and foreign tra

25、de, and the promotion of agent system知识产权 intellectual property rights技术转让 technology transfer可行性研究 feasibility study意向书 letter of intent投资环境 investment environment跨国公司 transnational cooperation基础设施 infrastructure20年基本实现现代化 basically achieve modernization in 20 years发挥技术窗口管理窗口和人才窗口的作用 serve as a med

26、ium for introducing advanced technologies, managerial expertise and qualified professionals from outside.招商 attract investment招商项目 project proposals for investment同国际惯例接轨 follow the international codes of practice; bring in line with the international usage加大改革力度 intensify reforms一条龙服务 one package s

27、ervice一支笔审批 one-chop approval我们两市的经济互补性很强。 To a great extent, the economies between out two cities are complementary to each other.平等互利，互通有无 equality and mutual benefit, and trading of needed goods外引内联 act as an intermediary for introducing foreign capital and establishing domestic connections保持发展后劲

28、 bring about a sustainable development; sustain momentum of development经济实力 economic capabilities龙头 pacemaker; leading role三通一平（水通、电通、路通、施工场地平） "three connections and one leveling" assuring经济过热 overheated economy抑制炒房地产热 stem frenzied and speculative trading in the property market宏观调控 macro

29、-economic control经济杠杆 economic levers产业政策 industrial policy财政, 税收, 信贷，利率, 汇率 public financing, taxation, credit, interest rate, exchange rate提高经济效益 enhance economic performance/returns社会效益 social effect/returns实现持续、稳定、协调的发展 bring about sustained, stable and coordinated development财政赤字(盈余 ) budget de

30、ficit(surplus)外贸出口总额 gross foreign export value外商直接投资协议金额 contracted foreign direct investment实际利用外资 foreign investment in actual use三资企业(中外合资合作、外商独资经营) three kinds of enterprises with foreign investment: Sino-foreign joint venture, contractual joint venture允许外商独资经营 allow full foreign equity operati

31、on优惠条件 confessional terms; favorable terms减免税收 tax reduction and exemption合作方式 approaches to cooperation瓶颈 bottleneck以工养农 use industrial income to finance agriculture以路养路 use tolls to repay investment in road projects下放审批权 delegate the authority to examine and approve to lower levels统而不死，活而不乱 ensure

32、 a flexible control良性循环 positive cycle国民经济的支柱 mainstay of the national economy格局初步形成 Pattern has taken initial shape.理顺企业的产权关系 rationalize the property rights relationships of enterprises政策性亏损 policy-related loss三角债 chain debts上不封顶，下不保底 set no ceiling limit and give no minimum guarantee企业“工效挂钩” link

33、 total payroll with the performance of an enterprise生意兴隆/冷淡 Business is booming/sluggish质量信得过单位 quality trustworthy organization批量生产 mass production以销定产 limit production to market ability内联企业 inland associated enterprises菜篮子工程 shipping basket project国产化 percentage of home-made parts配套改革 coordinated

34、reforms配套措施 supporting measures配套工程 auxiliary project国内配套资金 domestic funds向基础工业倾斜的政策 policy in favor of basic industry升级换代 upgrading and updating看好经济增长 think highly of economic growth行情看好 Favorable price/market can be expected.行情看涨/跌 anticipate lower market price/rising price随行就市 fluctuate in line w

35、ith market conditions片面追求发展速度 seek an unduly high growth rate在过渡时期 in a period of transition粗放/集约经营 extensive/intensive operation基础地位 leading position门类齐全 covering extensive fields存款/贷款余额 the balance of deposits/loans外汇储备 foreign exchange reserves贸易顺差 trade surplus完善的市场和发达的金融体制 well-established mark

36、et and sophisticated financial system消灭失业 wipe out unemployment降低过热的期货市场，恢复金融秩序 cool down the over-heated future market and restore financial order紧缩银根 tighten the money supply一位数水平 one digit level保持双边贸易的平衡 balance the two-way trade这次会议为两国进一步加强持续的经济联系奠定了坚实的基础。 This meeting laid a sound foundation fo

37、r the two countries to forge enduring/lasting and constant/continuous economic ties.市场疲软 a market slump库存积压 overstocked products国家指令性计划 state mandatory planning统一定价 unified price setting国家统配物资 materials allocated by state货币发放 the issue of currency规范价格秩序 standardize the price order简化流通环节，增加随机检查 simpl

38、ify circulation and add more random checks市场机制开始发挥调节作用。 The market mechanisms are beginning to play their regulatory role.由于该暗补为明补，粮食购销同价。 Grains are purchased and sold by the same price because covered allowances are turned into open allowance.导致价格持续增长的一个重要因素在于物价的逐步放开及价格结构调整。 An important factor (c

39、ontributing to/resulting in) substantial price hikes lies in the gradual lifting of prices control and the structural ad招标出售技术 bids for technology公开招标 call for bid; tenders招标单 invitation for bid (IFB)标书 bidding document竟标 competitive bidding投标 bid for a project投标报价书 bid proposals评标 bid proposal eval

40、uation开标 bid opening中标 win a bid; be awarded a tender拍卖 auction租赁 leasing保税区 bonded area; free trade area实行全方位开放 practice multi-directional opening统一政策、放开经营、平等竞争 unified policy, liberalized operation, and equal competition自负盈亏、工贸结合、推行代理制 responsibility for one's own profits and losses, the integ

41、ration of industry and foreign trade, and the promotion of agent system知识产权 intellectual property rights技术转让 technology transfer可行性研究 feasibility study意向书 letter of intent投资环境 investment environment跨国公司 transnational cooperation基础设施 infrastructure20年基本实现现代化 basically achieve modernization in 20 year

42、s发挥技术窗口管理窗口和人才窗口的作用 serve as a medium for introducing advanced technologies, managerial expertise and qualified professionals from outside.招商 attract investment招商项目 project proposals for investment同国际惯例接轨 follow the international codes of practice; bring in line with the international usage加大改革力度 in

43、tensify reforms一条龙服务 one package service一支笔审批 one-chop approval我们两市的经济互补性很强。 To a great extent, the economies between out two cities are complementary to each other.平等互利，互通有无 equality and mutual benefit, and trading of needed goods外引内联 act as an intermediary for introducing foreign capital and estab

44、lishing domestic connections保持发展后劲 bring about a sustainable development; sustain momentum of development经济实力 economic capabilities龙头 pacemaker; leading role三通一平（水通、电通、路通、施工场地平） "three connections and one leveling" assuring that a construction site is connected to water and electric power

45、supplies and roads, and that the ground is leveled before a project is begun.瓶颈 bottleneck以工养农 use industrial income to finance agriculture以路养路 use tolls to repay investment in road projects下放审批权 delegate the authority to examine and approve to lower levels统而不死，活而不乱 ensure a flexible control良性循环 pos

46、itive cycle国民经济的支柱 mainstay of the national economy格局初步形成 Pattern has taken initial shape.理顺企业的产权关系 rationalize the property rights relationships of enterprises政策性亏损 policy-related loss三角债 chain debts上不封顶，下不保底 set no ceiling limit and give no minimum guarantee企业“工效挂钩” link total payroll with the per

47、formance of an enterprise生意兴隆/冷淡 Business is booming/sluggish质量信得过单位 quality trustworthy organization批量生产 mass production以销定产 limit production to market ability内联企业 inland associated enterprises菜篮子工程 shipping basket project国产化 percentage of home-made parts配套改革 coordinated reforms配套措施 supporting meas

48、ures配套工程 auxiliary project国内配套资金 domestic funds向基础工业倾斜的政策 policy in favor of basic industry升级换代 upgrading and updating看好经济增长 think highly of economic growth行情看好 Favorable price/market can be expected.行情看涨/跌 anticipate lower market price/rising price随行就市 fluctuate in line with market conditions片面追求发展

49、速度 seek an unduly high growth rate在过渡时期 in a period of transition粗放/集约经营 extensive/intensive operation基础地位 leading position门类齐全 covering extensive fields存款/贷款余额 the balance of deposits/loans外汇储备 foreign exchange reserves贸易顺差 trade surplus完善的市场和发达的金融体制 well-established market and sophisticated financ

50、ial system消灭失业 wipe out unemployment降低过热的期货市场，恢复金融秩序 cool down the over-heated future market and restore financial order紧缩银根 tighten the money supply一位数水平 one digit level保持双边贸易的平衡 balance the two-way trade这次会议为两国进一步加强持续的经济联系奠定了坚实的基础。 This meeting laid a sound foundation for the two countries to forg

51、e enduring/lasting and constant/continuous economic ties.市场疲软 a market slump库存积压 overstocked products国家指令性计划 state mandatory planning统一定价 unified price setting国家统配物资 materials allocated by state货币发放 the issue of currency规范价格秩序 standardize the price order简化流通环节，增加随机检查 simplify circulation and add mor

52、e random checks外贸常用词汇 -国际贸易-出口信贷 export credit 出口津贴 export subsidy 商品倾销 dumping 外汇倾销 exchange dumping 优惠关税 special preferences 保税仓库 bonded warehouse 贸易顺差 favorable balance of trade 贸易逆差 unfavorable balance of trade 进口配额制 import quotas 自由贸易区 free trade zone 对外贸易值 value of foreign trade 国际贸易值 value of

53、 international trade 普遍优惠制 generalized system of preferences-GSP最惠国待遇 most-favored nation treatment-MFNT -价格条件-价格术语trade term (price term) 运费freight 单价 price 码头费wharfage 总值 total value 卸货费landing charges 金额 amount 关税customs duty 净价 net price 印花税stamp duty 含佣价price including commission 港口税portdues 回佣

54、return commission 装运港portof shipment 折扣discount,allowance 卸货港port of discharge 批发价 wholesale price 目的港portof destination 零售价 retail price 进口许口证inportlicence 出口许口证exportlicence 现货价格spot price 期货价格forward price 现行价格（时价）current price prevailingprice 国际市场价格 world (International)Marketprice 离岸价（船上交货价）FOB-free on board 成本加运费价（离岸加运费价） C&F-cost and freight 到岸价（成本加运费、保险费价）CIF-cost,insurance and freight -交货条件-交货delivery 轮船steamship(缩写S.S)