初二下学期各单元语法总结

1、初二下学期各单元语法总结Unit 1 Will people have robots?重点语法:一般将来时态的应用do/does 的一般将来时态形式:(shall/will dodo/does 的一般将来时态的被动语态:(shall/will be done一般将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式:肯定句例句:People will have robots in a few years.否定句例句:People (will not/won't have robots in a few years.一般疑问句例句:Will people have robots in a few year

2、s?特殊疑问句例句:What will people have in a few years?重点短语:won't = will not they'll = they will she'll = she will he'll = he will I'll = I willfall in love with(sb./sth. 爱上(某人 /某物be able to do sth. 能够做某事 come true 实现in the future 未来 hundreds of 数以百计的thousands of 数以千计的 look for(sb./sth.

3、寻找(某人 /某物will would 情态动词 will 的原形和过去式may might 情态动词 may 的原形和过去式Unit 2 What should I do?重点语法:过去将来时态(将来时态的委婉说法do/does 的过去将来时态形式:(should/would dodo/does 的过去将来时态的被动语态:(should/would be done过去将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式:肯定句例句:You should write a letter to him.否定句例句:You shouldn't write a letter to him.一般疑问句例句:Sh

4、ould I write a letter to him?特殊疑问句例句:What should I do?重点短语:keep sb. out 不让某人进入What's wrong? = What's the matter? = What's the problem? 怎么了? out of style 不时髦的;过时的 call sb. up 给某人打电话pay for sth. 为某事付款 part-time job 兼职工作the same as = be same (to/with 与同 in style 时髦的;流行的 get on well with sb.

5、 = get along well with sb. 与某人相处(好didn't = did not couldn't = could notas . as possible 尽可能 (eg/ as soon as possible 尽快 all kinds of 各种;许多on the one hand 一方面 on the other hand 另一方面ask sb. for sth. = ask sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事ask sb. not to do sth. 请求某人不要做某事spend (money on sth. = spend (money

6、 in doing sth. 花钱做某事sth. cost sb. (money 某人花钱为了某事take sb. sometime to do sth. 花某人时间做某事find out 查明 find sb. doing sth. 发现某人做某事be angry with sb. 生某人的气 be angry at sth. 生某事的气the same age as = as old as 与某人年龄一样have fight with sb. 与某人打架learn to do sth. 学会做某事 not . until . 直到才compare sth.(A with sth.(B 把某

7、事 (A与某事 (B作比较it's time for sth. = it's time to do sth. 到该做某事的时间了maybe adv. 或许may be (情态动词 + 动词原形可能是shall should 情态动词 shall 的原形和过去式pay paid paid 动词 pay 的原形、过去式和过去分词练习题一、用 more,less,fewer 填空。1. We plant trees every year, there will be _ trees.2. If we waste water, there will be _ water.3. If e

8、very family has a baby, there will be _ people.4. I think English is _ popular than Chinese.5. There will be _ robots everywhere, and humans will have _ work to do.6. There will be _ free time when people retire.二、 (1用一般将来时填空。 (借助 will 1.I _ (visit my uncle tomorrow.2.There _ (be a football match in

9、 our school next week.3.He _ (help you with your English this evening.4.They _(play soccer if it doesnt rain.5. We _ (have a meeting tomorrow.(2请用 will or won t 填空。1. Our team win the game. We get ten points.(分 The other team score any points.2. there be less pollution?(污染 No, there .I think there b

10、e more pollution.3.Kids go to school. They study at home on computers.4 .People use money, everything be free.5. A: you have the same job in five years?B: No, IA: What you do ?B: I change jobs. I get a job in a hospital.6. If there is no rain, there be any water in the rivers.三、选择题1. She will be a t

11、eacher _ two months.A. on B. after C. in D. at2. Please pass me two _ .A .pieces of paper B. pieces of papersC. pieces paper D. piece papers3. I think he _ finish doing the work.A. will B. will can C. will be able to D. be will able to4. Its sunny today. _ , it is very cold.A. Although B. But C. So

12、D .However 5. Mike asked me to help him _ his lesson this evening. A. at B. with C. for D .on 6. -Will there be any paper money _ 100 years?- No, _.A. after, there wont. B. after, they wont.C. in, they arent. D.in, there wont.7.In the future people will live _ 100 years old.A./ B.to C. for D.to be 8

13、. I think _ be more tall buildings and cars in five years. A.there e B.there is C.there will D.there9. Kids _ go to school in the future.A.dont B. didnt C.wont D. wouldnt 10.I think she _ be a doctor in 5 years.A./ B.would C.likes D.will11._ do you think your life will be like in 10 years?A.How B.Wh

14、at C.When D.Why12. Will there be _ money in 100 years?A. some paper B any paper C. many paper D. any paper 13. They will study at home _computers.A.in B.at C.on D.from 14.I will live an apartment _ my best friends.A.with B.to C.in D.for15. She will have many _ of goldfish.A. different kind B. differ

15、ent kindsC. fference kind D. ifferences kinds四、根据括号中的提示完成句型转换。1.The students will go to the zoo this Sunday.(变一般疑问句2. Mike will finish middle school in one year.(变否定句3. He'll ring you tonight. (对划线部分提问4.She will come to see us this weekend. (对划线部分提问Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived

16、?重点语法:过去进行时态do/does 的过去进行时态形式:(was/were doingdo/does 的过去进行时态的被动语态:(was/were being done 过去将来时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式:肯定句例句:I was walking down the street when a UFO landed.否定句例句:I wasn't walking down the street when a UFO landed.一般疑问句例句:Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed?特殊疑问句例句:What were

17、you doing when a UFO landed?动词 when 和 while 的选择:when 后加瞬间动词, while 后加延续性动词。 例句:The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed.=While the boy was walking down the street, the UFO landed.感叹句结构:(1 How + adj. + the + 主语 + 谓语动词=(2 What + (a/an + adj. + n. + 主语 + 谓语动词例句:What a beautiful flower it

18、 is!=How beautiful the flower is!What beautiful flowers they are!=How beautiful the flowers are!重点短语:get out 出去;离开take off 起飞run away 逃跑;跑掉come in 进来hear about = hear of 听说take place 发生as . as 像一样 (eg/ as old as him 像他一样老 anywhere = everywhere = here and there 任何地方think about 考虑think of 认为get up = g

19、et out of the bed 起床at the doctor's 在诊所every day 每一天everyday adj. 日常的most adj. 大部分the most 最多的in space 在太空中national hero 民族英雄all over the world = in the world 全世界Unit 4 He said I was hard-working.重点语法:宾语从句结构:主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语从句 (主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语 /表语 例句:-I'm good at English. He says. (改为加宾语从句的复合句

20、-He says I'm good at English.注意:主句是一般现在时态,宾语从句的时态不受其影响。例句:He says I'm good at English now.He says I was good at mathematics when I was young.主句是过去时态,宾语从句也要用过去时态。例句:He said I was good at mathematics when I was young yesterday. He said I was good at English now yesterday.宾语从句是客观真理时永远用一般现在时态。例句

21、:Our teacher says 24 hours make a day.Our teacher said the sun gives us so many energy yesterday. 动词原形不能作主语,必须用其 -ing 形式。例句:She said helping others changed her life.重点短语:direct speech 直接引语reported speech = indirect speech 间接引语first of all = at first 首先pass on 传递be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事 be good a

22、t = do well in 在某方面做得好 in good health 身体健康 get over 克服 open up 打开 care for = take care of = look after 照料；照顾 not any more = not any longer = no longer 不再 have a cold 感冒 end-of-year exam 年终考试 get nervous 变得紧张 forget to do sth. 忘记做某事（该事未做） forget doing sth. 忘记做某事（该事已做） it's + adj. + for sb. + to d

23、o sth. 做某事对某人来说（加形容词） context 上下文 Unit 5 If you go to the party, you'll have a great time! 重点语法：if 引导的条件状语从句 结构：主句 + if + 条件状语从句 if + 条件状语从句 + (comma + 主句 注意：在 if 引导的条件状语从句中，主句应用将来时态，状语从句用一般现在时态。 例句：You'll have a great time if you go to the party. =If you go to the party, you'll have a g

24、reat time. 重点短语：take away 拿走 around the world = all over the world 在世界各地 make a living 谋生 all the time = always 一直 What's the problem? = What's the matter? = What's wrong? 怎么了？ in order to do sth. 为了做某事 make sb. do sth. 使得某人做某事（to 省略，该结构是一个不带 to 的不定式。 ） make sb. adj. 使得某人（加形容词） make sb.

25、done 使得某人被做 be famous for 为而出名 be famous as 作为而出名 in class 在课堂上 spend .(time/money on sth. = spend .(time/money in doing sth. 花 （时间/钱） 用于做某事 see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事（强调整个过程） see sb. doing sth. 看见某人做某事（强调偶然性） say said said 动词 say 的原形、过去式和过去分词 tell told told 动词 tell 的原形、过去式和过去分词 eat ate eaten 动词 eat 的原

26、形、过去式和过去分词 speak spoke spoken 动词 speak 的原形、过去式和过去分词 Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells? 重点语法：现在完成进行时态 do/does 的现在完成进行时态形式：have/has been doing do/does 的现在完成进行时态的被动语态：have/has been being done 现在完成进行时态所应用的场合： 某事从过去发生一直持续到现在都在做 过去发生的动作对现在造成影响 例：我已上了三年初中。 I have been in Junior School for 3 y

27、ears. 自从那次他与我谈过心后，我天天都在进步。 I have been making progress since he talked with me that time. 现在完成进行时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式： 肯定句例句：I have been skating for five hours. 否定句例句：I haven't been skating for five hours. 一般疑问句例句：Have you been skating for five hours? 特殊疑问句例句：How long have you been skating? 注意：瞬间动词不能

28、和一段时间连用。 例句：你借这本书已经多长时间了？ How long have you been keeping this book? 重点短语：run out of 用完；用尽 by the way 顺便说说 be interested in doing sth. 对某事感兴趣 more than 比多 far away 在远处 would like to do sth. = want to do sth. = feel like doing sth. 想要做某事 send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物赠送给某人 in fact 实际上 room 房间（用于

29、可数名词） ；空间（用于不可数名词） common more common the most common 形容词 common 的原级、比较 级和最高级 Reading Strategy(阅读方法 Let your eyes "scan" the text quickly to find details that you're looking for. (在阅读文章之前，用 眼睛 “横扫” 整篇文章， 快速寻找你需要的文章要点。 You can find information quickly without reading the whole text. (这样

30、你就不用细读整篇文章，就能寻找到你需要的一些信息。 Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music? 重点语法：mind one's doing sth. 介意（某人）做某事 重点短语：not at all 一点也不 turn down 调节使音量变小 right away = in a minute = at once 立刻；马上 wait in line 排队等候 cut in line 插队等候 hasn't = has not keep . down 压低声音；使缓和 at first = first of all 首先 tak

31、e care 当心；小心 take care of = care about = look after 关心；照顾 break the rule 违规 obey the rule 遵守规定 put out 熄灭 pick sth. up 捡起某物 wait for sb. 等候某人 depend on 依赖；依靠 get back = return 要回 mean meant meant 动词 mean 的原形、过去式和过去分词 Reading Strategy(阅读方法 As we read, we need to find "topic sentences".(在我们阅

32、读的时候，我们需要寻找“主题语句” ， 也就是和文章中心最相关的语句。 These sentences usually gives us a "summary", or overall meaning of each paragraph and help us understand what the paragraph is about.(这些语句通常会 给我们一些文章的 “概要” 或者每个文段的全部意思， ， 来帮助我们理解段落大意。 After the topic sentence comes more detail and explanation.(当“主题语句”出现

33、后，该段的一些解释和 细节也就会随之出现。 Unit 8 Why don't you get her a scarf? 重点语法：询问别人为什么要做或者不做某事 why don't you do sth. = why not do sth. 例句：Why don't you get her a camera? = Why not get her a camera? what about = how about 例句：How about some tennis balls? = What about some tennis balls? 重点短语：fall asleep

34、入睡 give away 赠送；分发 hear of = hear about 听说 take an interest in = be interested in 对感兴趣 make friends with 与交友 make progress 取得进步 keep kept kept 动词 keep 的原形、过去式和过去分词 feed fed fed 动词 feed 的原形、过去式和过去分词 fall fell fallen 动词 fall 的原形、过去式和过去分词 hear heard heard 动词 hear 的原形、过去式和过去分词 Reading Strategy(阅读方法 To understand the important ideas from the text, we must "summarize".(为了了解文段最主要的 意图，我们必须要进行总结。 Do this by answering "who, what, where, why" questions as you read.(在阅读时，常注意回答时间、地点、人物这些基本要素问题，达到总结的目的。 Unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement? 重点语法：现在完成时态 do/does 的现在完成时态形式：(have/h