中考英语语法剖析

1、中考英语语法剖析中考英语之现在完成时剖析1.基本概念：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果；或表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。2.基本构成：助动词have/has+过去分词            过去分词的变化规则：            规则动词的过去分词由动词原形加ed构成,不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表（教师给学生复印）3.中考考查范围： 1）

2、yet, already, just, before, never, ever, recently等表示时间的词作时间状语，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果  天津中考：-What are you going to do this weekend?            -I _yet.A.haven not decided B.will not decide C.have decided D.did not decide 2）since, for 引导的时

3、间状语，表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态    上海中考：The Oriental Pearl TV Tower_thousands of visitors since 1995.              A.attracted  B.attracts   C.has attracted   D. Will attract 3）this morning, this w

4、eek, today, now等时间状语用在现在完成时中    河北中考：-_Betty this morning?              -Not yet, but she is sure to be here before noon.             A.Have you seen  B.Wi

5、ll you see  C.Do you see  D.Did you see 4）have/has been to 与have/has gone to 的用法区别河南中考：Mike _the bookshop .I have to wait for him.       A.went to  B.was in  C. Has been to  D.has gone to4.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：  现在完成时与一般过去时都表示过去的动作，但现在完成时强调这

6、一动作与现在的关系，如对现在产生的影响、结果等；而一般过去时只表示过去的时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，就过去的时间方面讲，只能与一般过去时连用，而不能与现在完成时连用。  Tom has been busy now.汤姆现在很忙。（过去的动作对现在有影响）  Tom was busy last week.汤姆上星期很忙。（过去的动作对现在没有影响）5.判断正误：   1）When have you got here?      When did you get here?   2) I

7、 have had bought the book two days ago.     I have had the book for two days.   3)I have just finished my homework.I have finished my home work a moment ago.   4)Have you ever met an American before?     I have met an American last year.

8、60;   瞬间性动词（也可叫点动词或不延续性动词）表示的动作瞬间即可结束，不能再延续，因此不能与表示延续性的时间状语连用。   5）I have left Wuhan for ten days.      I have been away from Wuhan for ten days.      It is (has been) ten days since I left Wuhan.      Two

9、 months has passed since we arrived here.   瞬间动词-延续性动词：应逐一记忆   become-be     begin to study-study   borrow-keep   break-be broken  buy-have   close-be closed   come-be here     die-be dead &

10、#160; go-be away   get up-be up      have got-have    join-be in   leave-be away     lose-be lost    marry-be married   open-be open6. 能力拔高测试：  1)Where is Dick? He _to the reading-room. 

11、;   A.has been   B.went   C.has gone     D.goes  2）How long_he_the dictionary?    A.has,borrowed  B.has, kept   C.has, lent  D.is, using  3)He said he _the league for two years.   A.has joined

12、60;  B.has been in  C.had been in  D.joined  4) Some flowers_by Li Ming already.   A.have been watered   B.watered   C.have watered  D.has been watered.  5)I didnt go to see the film last night because I _it twice.   A.saw &#

13、160;  B.have seen   C.had seen   D.would see  6）He_from home for a long time.   A.has gone away    B.had gong away   C.Has left   D.has been away  7)How long has this shop_?   A.be open   B.been open&

14、#160; C.opened  D.opens中考英语之定语从句剖析一定义：在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句加定语从句。二定语从句的特点：1.先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词或代词2. 关联词：1）引出定语从句，并作从句的一个成分。可作主语、宾语、定语、状语，作宾语可省略。2）关联词包括关系代词和关系副词。关联词位于先行词和定语从句之间。  关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose，代指先行词。  关系副词：when，where，why，作时间状语。三基本结构：先行词+关联词+定语从句四关系代词的用法：1. that 和whichthat指人或物

15、，作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略，主语不能。Which指物，不指人，作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略，主语不能。His father works in a factory that/which makes Tvsets.      Who was hurt in the accident that/which happened yesterday?      The coat (which/that) I put on the desk is black. 注意：The room in whic

16、h I live is very big.(在介词后面不能用that)2.只能用that不能用which引导的定语从句：1) 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，定语从句只能用thatThis is the most interesting story (that) I have ever heard.2）先行词被序数词最高级修饰时，定语从句只能用thatThe children like the second lesson that is about “The Football Match”.3）先行词被the only，the very 或the same等修饰时，定语从句只能用that引导。It

17、 is the only word (that) I know in the passage.Where is the very book (that) I bought just now?This is the (same) bicycle (that) I lost.4）先行词为everything，something，anything，all，none，much，little，few等不定代词时，定语从句只能用thatHere is something (that) I will tell you.I want everything (that) I want.I am writing

18、to tell you about something very strange that happened to me last week.        5)先行词被不定代词修饰时（all，any，no,every,little,much,many），定语从句只能用that          Here is all the money (that) I have.      

19、;  6)先行词是同时含有“人和物”的名词时，定语从句只能用that          I can remember well the persons and some pictures (that) I see in the room.        7)定语从句所修饰的词为the one 时，定语从句用that引导         

20、Is it the one（that）you want？        8）为了避免重复，在疑问词who之后，用that 引导定语从句          Who is the girl that won the first place?3.       who和whomwho指人，在句中作主语和宾语，作宾语可省略。Whom指人，在句中只能作宾语，可省略。Who is the t

21、eacher that Xiao Li is talking to?The doctor with whom she went to the United States last month is very famous.=The doctor who/whom/that she went to the United States with last month is very famous.五             关系副词的用法：1.   

22、    when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.when=on which2.where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。This is the house where I lived two years ago.=This is the house in which I lived two years ago.=This is the house (which/that) I lived in two years ago.六能力拔高测试1.The build

23、ing_we built last year is very tall.A.where    B.when     C.which        D.why2.There are no children_love  their parents.   A.that do not    B.who does not   C.that    D.who3

24、.Who is the man_talked with you just now?   A.who    B.that    C.whom     D.whose4.That  was the year_I went to America.   A.when   B.where   C.that      D.which5.Look at the boy and his dog_are coming this way.   A.who   B.which    C.that      D