名词性从句总结与练习

1、词性从句总结与练习（附答案）导入：英语句子一般结构：1）主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语(+补语+状语) 2）主语+系动词+表语 3）主语+谓语（vi.）宾语和表语有什么不同?一个名词跟在及物动词后是宾语,跟在系动词后是表语.主题：名词性从句：名词性从句是由连接词whether, if,that和各种疑问代词或副词what,who,which,where, when,how, why等充当连接词所引导的从句, 其功能同名词一样。包括宾从，表从，主从和同位语从句。四种从句的共性:1.引导词基本一样,如that , whether, when ,where, how. 但as if引导的是表语从句.2.

2、陈述句语序.3.疑问代词,疑问副词保留自身的疑问含义,如疑问代词who在宾语从句中仍译为是谁,疑问副词where译为哪里.4.which表示选择,that无意义5. what引导名词性从句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语,宾语,表语,而that在句子中只起连接作用。例如： (1) What you said yesterday is right. (2) That she is still alive is a puzzle.练习：用That/What填空： 1._ she is to visit the lonely island surprises us. 2._ she is to do

3、next week surprises us. 一宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句, 通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。如：I dont remember when we arrived.宾语从句特点：1有引导词that ，whether, if, who, whose, what ,which ,when ,where, how, why .在宾语从句中的that可以省略，第2次出现就不能省。如：He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.2.在及物动词或介词

4、之后。3陈述句语序.如:The photographs will show you what our village looks like.4引导词that与what的区别。what引导宾语从句在从句中充当句子成分,如主语,宾语,表语,而that在句子中只起连接作用,无意义。例如： (1) I know that he will come. (2) I dont know what he will choose.5.whether与if同用, 但介词后用whether. It all depends (on) whether they will support us.Lily wanted t

5、o know if /whether her grandma liked the handbag .二.表语从句 在从句中作表语的从句称作表语从句。表语从句特点：1有引导词that ，whether, as if, who, what ,which ,when ,where, how, why .在表语从句中的that不能省。2.放在系动词之后, 表示状态持续，变化的系动词有be, stay, keep, remain, get, become, seem,go,感官动词也属系动词如look, sound, taste, smell, feel.等. 3陈述句语序. 4引导词that与what

6、的区别。what引导表语从句在从句中充当句子成分,如主语,宾语,表语,而that在句子中只起连接作用,5.表语从句可用whether引导,不用if.6. 有用结构： 1）This/That/It is because 2）The reason is that练一练：1）He was late for school. That was _he got up late2）The reason why he was late for school is _he got up late.3）. China isnt _ she used to be4）. The question is _ you d

7、idnt do that in time.because ，that ，what ，that三.主语从句 在从句中作主语的从句称作主语从句。主语从句特点：1有引导词that ，whether, who, what ,which ,when ,where, how, why .一般情况下主语从句中的that不省略.2.为了避免头重脚轻,往往用it代替主语从句,放在句首,如 It is + 名词/形容词/过去分词+ 主语从句 （有用句型:） It is reported/said/still a question/ that 如: It is still a question whether sh

8、e will come or not.It is strange that you should like him. It is said / reported that he is the winner.3陈述句语序.4引导词that与what的区别。what引导主语从句在从句中充当句子成分,如主语,宾语,表语,而that在句子中只起连接作用5. whether引导的主语从句可以放在句首, if不能.6.注意： whoever(凡是的人)引导主从和状从, who(谁) 引导主从 no matter who(无论是谁)只引导状从(=whoever)1）_ will go comes here

9、at 7.2）_ will go isnt known.3）_breaks the law must be punished.4）_ breaks the law, he must be punished.5）It _ that what you said is not so reasonable.( 必须指出) 6） It _ that Bush is elected President. （结果是） 7）.It _ whether Tom or Mary teaches us English. (无区别) 1.Whoever; 2.Who; 3.whoever; 4.whoever/No

10、matter who 5.must be pointed out 6.turned out7.makes no difference 四.同位语从句 一般放在名词 fact , news , idea , promise, thought , suggestion, report, hope, belief 等之后,用以说明或解释前面的名词. 如：The news that our team has won the match is true.如:1.The thought that we might succeed excited us.2.The idea that they should

11、 try a second time is worth considering.3.They are familiar with the opinion that all matter consists of atoms.同位语从句特点：1连接词that虽在从句中不充当任何成分,但不省略.2先行词通常是一些具有一定内容含义的概括性名词如:conclusion, evidence, fact, hope, idea, word(news), opinion, problem, promise, reason, truth, 等.3that 无实际意义,which表选择 Word came _ o

12、ur army defeated the enemy.4. 在have no idea 之后常用wh-引导同位语从句.I have no idea where he has gone./ I have no idea when he did it./I have no idea what he did.5. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别：a.同位语从句与定语从句的相似之处1）、两种从句都可以译成定语The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （同位语从句）我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。The news that

13、 you told us is really encouraging.（定语从句）你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞。2）、两种从句都可以用that引导The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering. （同位语从句）学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。The suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something practical.（定语从句）值得考虑的建议是学生应该学些实用

14、的东西。b、同位语从句与定语从句的不同之处1）、从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、限定前面的名词。 e.g. The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging.（从句说明“消息”的内容：我们队取得了决赛胜利。）The news that you told us is really encouraging.（从句对“消息”加以限定：是你告诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）2）、引导从句的关联词that的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成

15、分；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。e.g.1) Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test. （that 不充当任何成分） 2) Dad made a promise that excited all his children.（that指代promise，又在从句中充当主语。）注：名词性从句中的whether与if 的总结： 关联词只能用whether不能用if 表示 “是否”的情况如下：A) 在表语从句和同位语从句中。如：The ques

16、tion is whether the film is worth seeing. The news whether our team has won the match is unknown.B) 在主语从句中，只有用it 作形式主语时, whether和if 都能引导主语从句, 否则, 也只能用whether。如: Whether we shall attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet. It hasnt been decided whether (if) we shall attend the meeting.C) 在介词之后。(介词往往可以

17、省略) 如:It all depends (on) whether they will support us.D) 后面直接跟动词不定式时。如： He doesnt know whether to stay or not.E) 后面紧接or not 时。如：We didnt know whether or not she was ready. 关联词if, whether均可使用的情况如下：A) 引导宾语从句。如：I wonder if (whether) the news is true or not.B) 在 “be+形容词” 之后。如：He was not sure whether (i

18、f) it is right or wrong. 免歧义时: 表是否就用Whether表如果则用ifI dont care about _ Tom used to be a prisoner. whether巩固练习：1.They expressed the hope _they would come over to China. A. which B. that C. whom D. when2.The fact_ he didnt see Tom yesterday is true. A. that B. which C. when D. what3.I have no idea _he

19、will come back.A. where B. when C. what D. that4.The news _ surprised everybody yesterday now proves to be false. A. that B. when C. what D. how5.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right. A. what that B. that which C. that what D. which that6.Word has come _ some American guests will c

20、ome for a visit to our college next week.A. what B. whether c. that D. which7.The photographs will show you _ （MET89）A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks likeC. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like8.He asked_for a violin.（MET92）A. did I pay how much B.

21、 I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid9.The question is _the film is worth seeing. A. if B. what C. whether D. how10.They received orders _ the work be done at once. A .which B. when C. / D .that11.The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed. A .why; why B. why; because

22、 C. why ; that D. that; because12. _ I cant understand is _ she wants to change her mind. A. What; why B. Which; how C. That; why D. What; because13. _ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain. A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if14. It is known to us _ where there is pollution, ther

23、e is harm. A. which B. where C. what D. that15. I have the information _. A. of what hell come soon B. that hell come soon C. of that hell come soon D. his coming soon16. - I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball. - _ it made me nearly mad. A. That he broke B. What he broke C. He bro

24、ke D. His break17.It remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time. A.how B. that C. when D. what18.- Can I help you? - Yes, do you know _? A. when comes the bus B. when will come the bus C. when does the bus come D. when the bus comes19. He made a promise _ anyone set him free

25、he would make him very rich. A. that B. if C. what D. that if20. They lost their way in the forest and _ made matters worse was _ night began to fall. A. what; that B. it; that C. what; when D. which; what21. That is _ paper came into use in China.A. how B. that C. what D. which22. They have no idea

26、 at all _.A. where he has gone B. where did he go C. which place had he gone D. where has he gone23. His suggestion _ to see the exhibition interested everyone of us.A. that we go B. which we should go C. that we would go D. when we should go24. Ive got to make _ he told a lie.A. that clear B. it cl

27、ear that C. quite clear D. this clear that25. Word came _his poem won the first prize.A. that B. whether C. as D. because翻译：1 )他说的话打动了我。 (subject Clause)2)事实是我从未到过那儿。(Appositive Clause)3)显而易见，英语很重要。(Subject Clause)4)问题是我们下一步该怎么办。(Predicative Clause)5)玛丽认为他会帮助她。(Object Clause)6)人们认为运动会会按计划举行。 (Subjec

28、t Clause) Key:1-8 BABAC CBD 9-20CDCAB DBAAD DA 21-25 AA ABAWhat he said moved me The fact is that I have never been there It is clear that English is very important. The problem is what we should do nextMary thinks that he will help her. It is believed that the sports meet will be held as planned名词性

29、从句大扫描内容简介：1、名词性从句简介2、名词性从句 难点强化3、名词性从句典型错误4、走出名词性从句的“误区”5、名词性从句考点归纳6、 1987-2006年高考试题中的名词性从句分析下列各句：1. That the earth is round is true. = It is true that the earth is round.2. Whether he will come hasnt been decided. = It hasnt been decided whether he will come.3. Who let out the news remained unknown

30、. = It remained unknown who let out the news.4. Why he didnt come here is not clear to anyone. = It is not clear to anyone why he didnt come here.5. Whenever the Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.一名词性从句简介1、主语从句主语从句在从句中作主语，主语从句可以位于句首，但常见的主语从句多放在句末，句首则用形式主语it。注意：连词that, whether在从句

31、中不担任句子成分，只起连接作用，不能省略。并且whether引导主语从句时不能用if代替。注意：who, which, how, when, where, why在所引导的主语从句中可担任主语，宾语，状语，不能省略。可以用形式主语it引导。注意：who, whom, which, what等可以和ever构成合成词，引导主语从句和宾语从句。此类主语从句不能用it引导，引导词在句中担任句子成分，不能省略。另外，有的“It 主语从句”已成为固定结构。如：a. It is +名词从句 It is a pity that we cant go.b. It is 形容词从句 It is clear th

32、at Tom has returned.c. It is 过去分词从句 It is said / reported / believed / known 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：(1）It is said /reported结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. ×(2）It happens/occurs结构中的主语从句不可提前。例

33、如： It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. That he failed in the examination occurred to him. ×(3）It doesnt matter how/whether 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter. ×(4）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： Is it likely

34、that it will rain in the evening? Is that will rain in the evening likely? ×(5) if引导的主语从句Does it matter if he cant finish the job on time?If she likes the present is not clear to me. × 1I dont know what I was thinking of. I wonder if I might give you a necklace. .2. I expect （that）I shall

35、be back on Sunday.3. He doesnt want it to be known that he is going away.4. I consider it necessary that he should do it again.5. I dont think he will see you. I dont believe he will go.6. We dont expect he is coming. I dont think he can do it, can he?7. I dont think he can do it, can he? I dont thi

36、nk you are right, are you?8. I insisted that he （should）do it at once. She suggested that the work （should）be finished at once.9. The teacher is satisfied with what I said.10. Im afraid that I will be late. Im glad that you passed the exam.2、宾语从句在复合句中用作宾语的从句是宾语从句1） 作动词宾语在口语中，that引导宾语从句时常常省略。但两个that从

37、句并列时后边的that一般不省略。若有补语，则宾语从句要放到补语之后，在宾补前用形式宾语it.在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词之后，宾语从句中谓语的否定常转移到主句的谓语上。如：注：此种用法主句的主语必须是第一人称I或we. 而且它的反意疑问句的助动词由从句的助动词来定。在suggest, insist, demand, order, require 等表示建议，命令，要求的动词后，从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。如：2） 作介词宾语3） 作afraid, glad, certain, sure等形容词的宾语。 1. The rumour that there

38、 will be an earthquake soon spread all over the area.2. They have no hope that he will recover.3. I have no idea where they have gone.4. Suddenly the thought came to me that he could go blind.比较：The news that our team won the game is true. The news that you have heard isnt true. The news is that our

39、 team won the game.3同位语从句如果担任同位语的是个句子，则这个句子是同位语从句。同位语从句表示先行名词的具体内容，能跟同位语从句的名词常见的有news, idea, belief, doubt, fact, rumour, question, order, hope, thought, reply, problem, reason等。引导同位语从句常用连词that，它在句中不担任句子成分，没有词意。除that外，还有whether, when, where, who, what, which, why, how等。可以引导同位语从句。同位语从句与先行名词有时也可以分开。注：

40、同位语从句与定语从句的区别：（1）同位语从句的先行名词极为有限，而定语从句的先行词则不计其数。（2）引导同位语从句的连词that在句中不担任句子成分，而引导定语从句的that则在从句中作主语，宾语等。引导同位语从句的wh一词多具有疑问意义，而引导定语从句的wh一词则没有疑问意义。（3）同位语从句与先行名词是等同关系，一个具体，一个抽象，两者常可以转述为主表关系，而定语从句与先行词是修饰与被修饰关系。（4）when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。when 和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则when和where引导的是定语从句，否则则为同位语从句。如：They put

41、 forward the question where they could get the money.This is the place where the accident happened. 1. The problem is where we can hold our meeting 问题是我们可以在哪儿举行会议。2. It seems that everything goes smoothly .似乎一切都进行得很顺利。3. The cause is that the temperature of water is lower that needed .其原因是水的温度低于所需要的

42、温度。4. That is what he really wants .那就是他真想要的东西。4表语从句 在句子中担当表语的主谓结构称之为表语从句。它常位于句中联系动词或是起联系动词作用的动词之后.1. be, seem, look等动词后均可跟表语从句： It seems that it is going to rain. It looks as if it is going to rain.2. as if, because 也可引导表语从句。 It was because I got up late. 二、名词性从句 难点强化1：表命令建议 的名词后的表语从句。在order,(命令），s

43、uggestion, advice(建议）等的名词后的表语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即：”should+动词原形“，should 常可省。如：His suggestion is that we (should) hold another meeting to discuss the problem.2.that.whether的区别: that 用于表示肯定的意义，而whether表疑问。I dont doubt that he will win. (Im sure) It doesnt matterIt makes no differenceIt is uncertainIt is no

44、t made clearIt is still a questionIt is not decided whetherIt is to be found outIt is to be decidedI doubt/wonder/have no idea/dont know3:名词性从句皆用陈述语序。I wonder how much this pair of shoes costs.I want to know where you had put my pen.时态 :(与间接引语基本一致) 如果主句是现在时，从句时态可以不变，但如果主句是过去的时态，那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时

45、态。当从句是客观真理,定义、公理、定理时用一般现在时。 宾： I know he lives here. He asked whether his father would come back. The teacher said that the earth travels around the sun. 表：That is what I was worried about two days ago. It looked as if it was going to rain.4:that 的省略that引导名词性从句时只起连接从句的作用,本身没有任何意义,因此在从句中不充当任何句子成分,它的使

46、用须注意以下几点:主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如：That they are good at English is known to us all.The problem is that we dont have enough money.She expressed the hope that they would come to China one day.宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中that不能省略：（A）当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略；（B）当that 从句与另一名词性从

47、句并列作宾语时，that不能省；（C）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。如：He judged that, because he was a child, he did not understand wine. Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.D.当主语为the reason时,注意应用that 引导其表语从句,不能受汉语影响而误用because。例如:The reason why he was

48、 late was that he missed the early bus. 他迟到的原因是他没赶上早班车.(此句中的that不可用because代替)that从句作主语和宾语时，可以用it 来替换成以下几种结构表达。(A)It is clear/certain/likely/true/surprising that （B）It is a pity/shame/good idea/no wonder that .（C）It is said/reported/ believed/known/thought/suggested that （D）It seems/happens that。如：It

49、 happened that I went out last night.It is said that China will win in the World Cup.that引导主语从句位于句首时不可省略.如果it作形式主语,而that从句置于句末, 这时that可以省略。例如:That he has lost his work is not true. 他丢了工作不是真的。=It is not true (that) he has lost his work.5: who, whoever, whom和whomever在引导名词性从句时,在句中作主语时用who,意思是"谁&qu

50、ot;,含有疑问意味,whoever是它的强语势"无论谁",不含有疑问意味。表示.的人，相当于the person who,或anyone whoWhoever breaks the law will be punished. 注意区别：疑问词 + ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的部分。如：Whoever breaks the rule must be punished. You can choose whatever you like in the shop.疑问词 + ever还可引导让步状语从句。如：Whatever you do, you must

51、do it well.( = No matter what you do, you must do it well.)Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished,(=No matter who breaks the law, he will be punished.)(让步状语，意为无论谁） no matter + 疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。作宾语时用whom, 其相应强语势为whomever。判别时要根据句意以及在句中的语法功能来决定该用哪个引导词。例如:Who has taken away my bag is unknown.谁拿走了我的包还

52、不知道。(若用Whoever显然句意不通)Whoever wants to see this film can go with us tonight. 无论谁想看这部电影今晚可以和我们一起去.(Whoever wants 相当于Anybody who wants,意为"凡是想的人"。这里不可换为Who。)Have you decided whom you are to nominate as your candidate? 你们是否已经决定提名谁作候选人了?You can give the ticket to whomever you like. 你可以把票给任何你想给的人

53、。6：because引导的表语从句Because 可以引导表语从句，但通常只用于”This/That/It i/was because”结构中注意：在表语从句中,当reason做主语时,引导词只能用that,不能用because, 即the reason is that the reason (why) is that如:The reason was that he didnt catch the early bus. 原因是因为他没有赶上早班车。The reason why he is absent from work is that he is seriously ill.7: 注意wha

54、t/ that/ which引导词与定语从句的引导词的区别what与which引导名词性从句时都在从句中充当句子的某一成份,如主语、表语、宾语或定语。what 表示泛指的事物,常译为"什么"或"所的事物",what=all that, everything that在从句中作主，宾，表语。I dont believe what he said.(I dont believe all that he said.)whatever是它的强语势"无论什么" 不能引导定语从句。E.g: I believe what (whatever) he

55、 says. 我相信他说的(不管他说什么我都相信)。that在所有的名词性从句中都不作任何成分。That he is to take charge of our factory is already an open secret.which表示特定事物中的"哪一个(些)",一般情况下在从句中充当定语,后接名词,在一定的语境中,它所修饰的名词可以省略,whichever是它的强语势"无论哪一个(些)"。 在名词性从句中加上名词做主语宾语 eg: I dont know which answer is right. I will give her which (whichever) book she likes on the shelf. 这个书架