云南省2021年中考英语总复习第3部分云南题型复习题型四阅读理解课件

1、一、阅读理解一、阅读理解“三步定位法三步定位法”第一步看题干，定位题干关键词。第一步看题干，定位题干关键词。先看问题，找出题干中的关键词，猜测文章大意。先看问题，找出题干中的关键词，猜测文章大意。第二步读文章，一次定位找原文。第二步读文章，一次定位找原文。带着关键词快速通读全文，画出与题干内容相关的词汇和句带着关键词快速通读全文，画出与题干内容相关的词汇和句子，并在脑海中形成篇章结构图。子，并在脑海中形成篇章结构图。第三步回看题，连线解读定答案。第三步回看题，连线解读定答案。细读题干、选项，针对已画出的原文内容进行二次定位，精细读题干、选项，针对已画出的原文内容进行二次定位，精准连线，锁定答案

2、。准连线，锁定答案。二、具体解题技巧二、具体解题技巧1细节理解题细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目，考查对文多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目，考查对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题范畴，难度章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题范畴，难度较小，但所占比例最大，一般占总分值的较小，但所占比例最大，一般占总分值的60%85%。常见。常见的设题方式有：用的设题方式有：用what, where, which, why, who, how等疑问等疑问词进行提问；用词进行提问；用according to.开头，后接短文具体内容；用开头，后接短文具体内容；用动宾结

3、构、介宾结构或系表结构等方式设题；以动宾结构、介宾结构或系表结构等方式设题；以.because的的提问方式设题等。提问方式设题等。解答这类题要学会以下技巧：解答这类题要学会以下技巧：(1)如果所提问题是文章中现成的内容可直接搜寻；如果所提问题是文章中现成的内容可直接搜寻；(2)细读文章的第一段或前几句，注意每段的开头句和结尾句；细读文章的第一段或前几句，注意每段的开头句和结尾句；(3)重视结尾段，作者一般会在结尾段作出总结，表达自己的重视结尾段，作者一般会在结尾段作出总结，表达自己的观点。观点。例例 I grew up in New Hampshire, a small town in Sou

4、th Canada, where in my fathers words for the seasons were “Spring, Summer, Fairtime and Winter！” At that time, a weeklong fair(集市集市) was held in the town every autumn. Thousands of people from other towns came to sell and buy things. It was the busiest time of the year.Thousands of people came to th

5、e town to at the fair.Aenjoy Grandmas food Bsell and buy thingsClearn to cook Dhave a big party【解析解析】 B由本段第三句话可知，数千人来到小镇是为了由本段第三句话可知，数千人来到小镇是为了在集市上买卖东西，故选在集市上买卖东西，故选B。2推理判断题推理判断题一般来说主要有：对细节的推理判断；对某个问题或某一部一般来说主要有：对细节的推理判断；对某个问题或某一部分的观点、态度的推理判断；对作者在整篇文章中的态度、分的观点、态度的推理判断；对作者在整篇文章中的态度、观点和写作意图的推理判断。常见的设题

6、方式有：观点和写作意图的推理判断。常见的设题方式有：(1)The sentence/paragraph/passage infers that.；(2)We can learn from the sentence/paragraph/passage that.; (3)The sentence/paragraph/passage implies that.；(4)By saying., the author means.; (5)What can we infer from the.; (6)At the end of the passage the writer suggests.；(7)F

7、rom the second example we can infer that.；(8)It can be concluded/inferred from the passage that.例例 One day, a little boy decided to dig a hole behind his house after watching a science program. As he was working, a couple of boys stopped by to watch. “What are you doing？” asked one of the visitors.

8、“I want to dig a deep hole all the way through the earth！” the boy answered excitedly. The older boys began to laugh, telling him that it was impossible to do it. Then they left.It can be inferred from the passage that the older boys think the little boy is .Asilly BstrictCfriendly Dstrongminded【解析解

9、析】 A由本段倒数第二句可知，那些年龄大一些的男由本段倒数第二句可知，那些年龄大一些的男孩嘲笑小男孩，说他不可能完成那件事，由此可推断，他们孩嘲笑小男孩，说他不可能完成那件事，由此可推断，他们觉得小男孩很愚蠢，故选觉得小男孩很愚蠢，故选A。3词义猜测题词义猜测题该题型要求在充分理解文章的基础上，对某单词或短语进行合该题型要求在充分理解文章的基础上，对某单词或短语进行合理猜测。做题时可结合构词法、语法及相关知识进行猜测。理猜测。做题时可结合构词法、语法及相关知识进行猜测。例例 A serious sandstorm(沙尘暴沙尘暴) has hit Beijing, together with f

10、ive to seven degree strong wind. A great yellow dust cloud enveloped the Chinese capital last Sunday.What does “enveloped” mean in this passage?A信封信封 B遮盖遮盖 C刮走刮走 D灰尘灰尘【解析解析】 B由前面可知，沙尘暴袭击了北京，再结合句法由前面可知，沙尘暴袭击了北京，再结合句法可知可知envelop在此是一个动词，排除在此是一个动词，排除A、D两项；再结合生活两项；再结合生活常识可判断，此处常识可判断，此处envelop是表示是表示“遮盖遮盖”

11、之意，故选之意，故选B。4主旨大意题主旨大意题考查考生对短文整体的理解概括能力。常见的提问方式有：考查考生对短文整体的理解概括能力。常见的提问方式有：(1)What is the main idea/subject/topic of the passage？；？；(2)The author is mainly concerned with.；(3)What does the passage mainly discuss？；？；(4)The passage is mainly about.；(5)Which of the following best states the main idea o

12、f the passage?解答该类题目时可注意以下几点：解答该类题目时可注意以下几点：(1)有标题的文章，要从标题开始阅读，因为标题常是文章的有标题的文章，要从标题开始阅读，因为标题常是文章的主题；主题；(2)注意段首和段尾，有些文章会在段首或段尾给出全文主旨；注意段首和段尾，有些文章会在段首或段尾给出全文主旨；(3)有些文章的中心思想贯穿全文，建议最后做此类题目，因有些文章的中心思想贯穿全文，建议最后做此类题目，因为做完其他题目后，为做完其他题目后， 自然就会对文章主旨有一定的把握；自然就会对文章主旨有一定的把握；(4)留心关键词，抓住文章主旨，关键词即文中反复出现的、留心关键词，抓住文章

13、主旨，关键词即文中反复出现的、与主题有关的名词或动词。与主题有关的名词或动词。例例 Schools will go electronic. Computers will be important and popular among the students. Everything will be in the computer and students will not need to bring books to school. They will find information on the Internet. A computer will be the students librar

14、y, schoolbag and connection to the outside world. There will be robot teachers. They will check homework on computers and communicate with the students parents through email.Whats the main idea of this passage?ASchools will go electronic.BComputers will be important.CThere will be robot teachers.DTeachers will communicate with the students parents through email.【解析解析】 A第一句为中心句，后面是对其扩展和论述，故第一句为中心句，后面是对其扩展和论述，故选选A。5数字推算题数字推算题要求学生根据提供的数据以及内在关系做出简单的计算和推要求学生根据提供的数据以及内在关系做出简单的计算和推断。断。例例 I won a prize for one of my paintings when I was fourteen. That may be why I went to art school