英语基础写作1授课教案

1、临沂师范学院外国语学院2008-2009学年第一学期英语基础写作1教案教材：英语写作手册（丁往道主编）授课人：邢元平 王之波2008年9月ContentsA Brief Introduction of the Course 1 periodChapter One   Using Proper Words 5 periodsChapter Two   Making Correct and Effective Sentences 6 periodsChapter Three Developing Paragraphs 6 periodsChapter Fou

2、r Composing Essays  8 periodsChapter Five   Manuscript Form and Punctuation    4 periodsChapter Six  Practical Writing (1) 2 periods授课题目A Brief Introduction of A Basic Course in English Writing教学目的与要求Grasp the characters, aim, important and difficult points, learni

3、ng methods and the requirements of the tests of the course.教学方法与手段Discussion, Explanation,Group Activity教学重点与难点The criterion of a good compositionThe writing process of a good composition 授课时间Week 1 授课学时 1 period教学内容I. A brief introduction of English Basic WritingIts characters, aim, important and d

4、ifficult points, learning methods and the requirements of the tests.II. What is a Good Writing     As Earnest Boyer says: Clear writing leads to clear thinking; clear thinking is the basis of clear writing. Perhaps more than any other forms of ommunication, writing holds us

5、responsible for our words and ultimately makes us more thoughtful human beings.2.1 What is writing The dictionary defines writing as “relating or communicating by forming symbols on a surface with a pen, pencil, or other tools.” The key words here are relating and communicating. Written ideas are us

6、ually meant to pass on a message.2.2 What is a good WritingThe basic principles of a good writing are as the follows: honesty, clarity, brevity, and variety1.Being  honest: dont try to fake your ideas.2.Being  clear: dont puzzle your readers.3.Being  brief: dont waste your readers tim

7、e.4.Seeking  variety: to vary sentence length; to work on liveliness. He still mentions other attributes of effective writing: “good humor, good sense, vitality, imagination”. If you can master the four essentials -honesty, clarity, brevity, and variety, youll be a competent writer.2.3 Differen

8、ces between Chinese Writing and English Writing Writing in a foreign language at first may seem to be much like writing in our native language, but of course it isnt. These differences exist because each culture has its own special way of thinking. And how a person thinks largely determines how he w

9、rites. Thus, in order to write well in English, a student should first understand how English speakers usually arrange their ideas. This arrangement of ideas can be called a Thought Pattern. A basic feature of the English paragraph is that it normally follows a straight line of development. This Eng

10、lish thought pattern is important for a writer to understand. The paragraph often begins with a statement of its central idea, known as topic sentence, followed by a series of sub-divisions of the central. These sub-divisions have the purpose of developing the topic sentence, preparing for the addit

11、ion of other ideas in latter paragraphs. In following a direct line of development, an English paragraph is very different, for instance, from an oriental paragraph, which tends to follow a circular line of development. It also differs from a Semitic paragraph, which tends to follow parallel lines o

12、f development.A.  It is generally accepted that “Chinese thought pattern is circular”. The idea is introduced and as the idea is developed or the conversation processes, each loop comes closer to the point until the main issue is finally addressed. In contrast, English thought is linear.B.

13、  The second area of differences between Chinese and English writing is in objectivity. Generally speaking, “ Chinese writing is very personal”. The Chinese writer spends a great deal of effort telling the reader how he feels, wanting the reader to feel the same way. The Chinese writer writes f

14、rom inside of the event or issue.“The English writer is more objective.” His reader would say, “Dont tell me how you feel, tell me what happens. I will decide how I feel.”C.   In writing, “English emphasizes creativity and individualism.” A composition is a reflection of the person wh

15、o is doing writing. Freshness and originality are praised. However, Chinese writing honors the use of proverbs like “No pains, no gains.” And “Time flies like an arrow.”Chinese also values models and imitation in writing.D.   In pervasive writing, “Chinese are more militant” in their

16、language and tone. The imperative is much more common. Phrases such as “ We must, You should, or absolutely” are frequently seen. A western writer would state his point and let the facts and logic speak for themselves. E.    The last area in which Chinese Writing differs from wes

17、tern writing is in the area of stating a moral or specific lesson to be learned from an issue or event. First of all, to a westerner, not every issue has a moral that needs to be emphasized. Secondly, in some cases he would feel the lesson one person learns may be different from what another person

18、learns. And third, the moral or the lesson may be clearly presented in the story and to restate it as a specific point would be redundant or trite.2.4 Writing Process Writing gives you the freedom to express yourself. Unlike conversation, it also allows you with the luxury to refine your wording bef

19、ore you let anyone else see it.So the “classroom writing” is a kind of five-step process writing: generating idea, organizing  these ideas, writing,revising and editing.Example:Topic: The accidentIntroduction: I. People must stay calm when they see an accident because many bad things

20、will happen if they dont.Transition: II. Many lives can be saved by remaining relaxed during a crisis.Body : A. Call  B. Help  C. WaitConclusion: III. It may not be easy to stay controlled in emergency situations, but it is absolutely necessary思考与练习What are the differences of Chinese Writi

21、ng and English Writing?参考资料齐宗一. 英语写作入门. 科学普及出版社, 1993.6. H315/Q132:1毛荣贵. 英语写作纵横谈. 上海外语教育出版社, 1998.02. H315/M198:1张弘. 大学英语写作理论与实践. 东北林业大学出版社. 2003.07Harmer, J. The Practice of English Language Teaching. London: Pearson Education Limited, 2003.课后分析Strategies: The teacher checks the students for commen

22、ts and feedback.Purpose: checking for understanding.授课题目Chapter One Using Proper Words教学目的与要求Teach students to use proper words while writing.教学方法与手段Discussion, explanation,exploring, project and presentation教学重点与难点General and special words, synonyms 授课时间Week 1,2,3 授课学时 5 periods教学内容1. Types of word

23、s Common words: the core of the English vocabulary. Formal words: used by people of special professions or fields, on special occasions or for special purposes. Nonstandard words: understand but avoid using them.Types of words have much to do with style.2. Choice of words2.1. use comm

24、on or informal words for general purposes; use formal or nonstandard words only special occasions or for special purposes;2.2. use specific and concrete words when giving details; use general or abstract words when making summaries;2.3. use idiomatic expressions and words in acceptable collocations;

25、 avoid combinations that are unidiomatic; Both general and specific words are useful in writing. When we describe or explain things, or when we give details, we should try to use specific or concrete words wherever possible, for they are vivid, exact and interesting; when we summarize or genera

26、lize, we may find general or abstract words useful.3. Synonyms3.1. Definition: words different in sound and spelling but more nearly alike or exactly the same in meaning.3.2. Types of synonyms absolute synonyms: scarlet-fever/ scarlatina Relative synonyms: change/ alter/ vary3.3. Discrimin

27、ation of synonyms4. Some good dictionaries Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary of Current English Collins Cobuild English Language Dictionary Websters New World Dictionary Dictionaries of idioms Dictionaries of collocations

28、0;Dictionaries of synonyms and thesauri思考与练习Write a short paragraph about the following topic: Sandstorm gives a great influence on peoples life and environmentPay attention to the words you use and try to use the most proper ones.参考资料1 丁往道主编，英语写作手册，外语教学与研究出版社，2004.2 王西玲主编，遣词·造句·组段，西北工业大学出

29、版社，2004.3 Harmer, J. How to Teach English. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2000.课后分析Strategies: The teacher checks the students for comments and feedback.Purpose: checking for understanding.授课题目Chapter Two Making Correct and Effective Sentences教学目的与要求Teach students to make cor

30、rect and effective sentences教学方法与手段Analysis, explanation, discussion, group activities, project and presentation教学重点与难点Completeness in structure, clear pronoun , reference, unity, coherence 授课时间Week 4,5,6 授课学时 6 periods教学内容1. Correct sentences All kinds of writing are made up of sentences.

31、 If we want to write well, we should learn to write correct and good sentences. In this section, we shall talk about the requirements of a correct sentence. Completeness in structureThe right subjectAgreement between the subject and the predicate verbClear pronoun referenceEnding sentences with full

32、 stopsJoining clauses with conjunctionsA main clause in a complex sentenceProper use of comparisonsCorrect use of the tense2. Coordination and subordinationThe choice of coordination or subordination is mainly decided by the relationship between the ideas to be expressed. 3. Effective sentencesUnity

33、CoherenceConciseness Emphasis  Variety思考与练习Choose one of the following topics and free write for 10 minutes. Share your ideas with another person in the class. Do not make any marks on the paper, just try to get the main point. Write three suggestions and several sentences to your partner.

34、Topics:a. a custom in your countryb. your schoolc. your favorite foodd. a recent trip参考资料1 丁往道主编，英语写作手册，外语教学与研究出版社，2004；2 王西玲主编，遣词·造句·组段，西北工业大学出版社，2004。课后分析Strategies: The teacher checks the students for comments and feedback.Purpose: checking for understanding.授课题目Chapter Three Developing

35、 Paragraphs教学目的与要求Teach students to write and organize paragraphs教学方法与手段Peer checking, group activities, explanation, project amd expressions教学重点与难点Different ways of developing a paragraph 授课时间Week 7,8,9 授课学时 6 periods教学内容1. Types of paragraph2. Ways of developing a paragraph2.1 Planning a paragraph

36、2.2 Developing by time2.3 Development by process2.4 Development by space2.5 Development by example2.6 Development by comparison and contrast2.7 Development by cause and effect2.8 Development by classification3. Analysis of some sample paragraphs思考与练习Below is a set of effects that are given in no par

37、ticular order. Decide which of the effects are immediate and which are remote. Then organize them into an outline for an essay. Choose one of effects to develop a paragraph. The Effects of Watching Television: 1. People get fat. 2. There are more divorces. 3. More people get eyestrain. 4. There is m

38、ore violent crime in our cities.参考资料1 丁往道主编，英语写作手册，外语教学与研究出版社，2004.2 王西玲主编，遣词·造句·组段，西北工业大学出版社，2004.3 Byrne, D. Teaching Writing Skills. London: London Curriculum Research, 1988;课后分析Strategies: The teacher checks the students for comments and feedback.Purpose: checking for understanding.授课题

39、目Chapter Four Composing Essays教学目的与要求Teach students to write an essay.教学方法与手段Seminar, group activities, project and presentation教学重点与难点Different types of writing and their respective unique features 授课时间Week 10,11,12,13 授课学时 8 periods教学内容1. Criteria of a good compositionIt should have something inte

40、resting and /or important, and if possible, something new, to say and that this something is expressed clearly, accurately, and appropriately.2. Steps in writing a composition2.1 Planning a composition2.2 Writing the first draft2.3 Revising the first draft2.4 Making the final copy3. Three main parts

41、 of a composition3.1 the beginning                     3.2 the middle 3.3 the end4. Types of writing4.1. Narration4.2 Description4.3 Exposition4.4 Argumentation思考与练习Choose one of the topics and write

42、a composition about 120 words.  1.  A visit to my hometown (or a city)(for your reference: when you paid the visit; what kind of weather it was; where you went; who went with you; what you did and saw on the way; the route that you followed; when you started back home)  2. &

43、#160;A traffic accident(for your reference: when you went out; whether you walked or went by bus; what you saw on the way; how the traffic accident happened; any person was injured in the accident; when the ambulance or policemen arrived; what you did there)参考资料1 丁往道主编，英语写作手册，外语教学与研究出版社，2004.2 王西玲主编

44、，段落·短文，西北工业大学出版社，2004.3 Harmer, J. How to Teach English. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2000.课后分析Strategies: The teacher checks the students for comments and feedback.Purpose: checking for understanding.授课题目Chapter Five Manuscript Form and Punctuation教学目的与要求Understand ma

45、nuscript form and know how to use punctuation properly教学方法与手段Project and presentation, discussion and peer checking教学重点与难点Have a systematic knowledge of punctuation, and try to distinguish them from Chinese ones 授课时间Week 14,15 授课学时 4 periods教学内容1. Manuscript Form1.1 arrangement1.2 word division1.3 capitalization1.4 han