GCT英语小班课2（728）

1、2015年在职硕士GCT英语考试 基础阶段 小班课（二）主谓一致Agreement知识要点：在英语的句子中，谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。多数情况下，根据句子的主语形式就能判定，但有的则要看整句的意思，及强调的内容。1、以单数名词或代词、不定式、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：1）The book is on the table.2）He is reading English.2、复数主语跟复数动词。如：Children like to play toys.3、在倒装句中，动词的数应和它后面的主语的数一致。如以here,there开头，be 动词与后面第一个名词

2、一致。如：1）There is a dog near the door.2）Here comes the bus.3）On the wall were two famous paintings.4、and连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，谓语动词用复数。如果主语后跟有with, together with, except, but, perhaps , like, including, as well as, no less than, more than, rather than等引起的短语，谓语动词仍与短语前的主语的形式保持一致。如：1）Jane, Mary and I are good f

3、riends.2）His sister, no less than you, is wrong.3）The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible for the accident.4）He, like you and Xiao Liu is very diligent.5）Every picture except these two has been sold.5、并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，and后面的名词没有冠词。如：1）The writer and worker is coming to o

4、ur school tomorrow.这位工人作家明天要来我们学校。2）Bread and butter is their daily food. 面包和黄油是他们每日的食品。3）The writer and the worker are coming to our school tomorrow.那位作家和那位工人明天将来我们学校。（两个人）6、and连接的并列单数名词前如有each, every, no, many a修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：1）Every boy and girl has been invited to the party.所有的孩子都被邀请参加这次聚会。2）N

5、o teacher and no student is absent today.今天没有老师和学生缺席。3）Many a student is busy with their lessons.许许多多的学生都忙着复习他们的功课。7、each, either, one, another, the other, neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：1）Each takes a cup of tea.2）Either is correct.3）Neither of them likes this picture.8、由every, some, any, no构成的合成代词作主语时，谓语

6、动词用单数形式。如：1）Is everyone here?2）Nothing is to be done. 没有什么要干的事儿了。9、关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：1）Those who want to go please sign their names here.2）Anyone who is against this opinion may speak out.3）He is one of the students who were praised at the meeting.10、表示时间、距离、价格、度量衡

7、等的复数名词或短语作为一个整体看待时，其谓语动词常用单数形式。如：1）Three years is not a long time.2）Ten dollars is what he needs.3）Five hundred miles is a long distance.11、复数形式的专有名词作为整体看待（如人名、地点、国家、组织、书籍、报刊等），动词用单数形式。如：1）The United States is in North America.2）The United Nations has passed a resolution(决议)。3）“The Arabian Nights”（天

8、方夜谭）is an interesting book.12、有些集体名词如family, team, group, class, audience（听众，观众），government等作主语时，如看作是一个整体，谓语动词则用单数形式；如强调各个成员时，谓语动词要用复数形式。如：1）My family is going to have a long journey.我家要进行一次长途旅行。2）My family are fond of music. 我家人都喜欢音乐。3）The class has won the honour. 这班获得了荣誉。4）The class were jumping

9、for joy. 全班同学都高兴得跳了起来。13、all, more, most, some, any, none, half, the rest等作主语时，既可表示复数意义，也可表示单数意义，谓语动词要根据实际情况而定。如：1）All of the apple is rotten. 整个苹果都烂了。2）All of the apples are rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。3）Most of the wood was used to make furniture (家具)。14、the + 形容词（或分词）作主语时，常指一类人，谓语动词用复数形式。如指的是抽象概念，谓语动词则用单数形式

10、。如：1）The young are usually very active. 年轻人通常是很活跃的。2）The wounded are being taken good care of here now. 现在伤病员们在这里受到了很好照顾。15、or, eitheror, neithernor, whetheror, not onlybut (also)连接的是主语，谓语动词与后一个主语一致。如：1）Either you or I am going to the movies.2）Not only you but also he is wrong.16、不可数名词没有复数形式，作主语时，谓语

11、动词用单数形式。如：1）Water is a kind of matter.2）The news at six oclock is true.17、集合名词如：people, police ,cattle等作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。如：1）The police are searching for him.2）The cattle are grassing (吃草)。18、population当人口讲时，谓语动词用单数形式；当人们讲时，谓语动词用复数。如：1）The population of China is larger than that of Japan.2）One third of

12、the population here are workers.19、the number of + 名词复数，是表示“的数字”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；a (large / great) number of + 名词复数，表示许多，作主语时；谓语动词用复数形式。1）The number of the students in our school is increasing year after year.2）A number of students have gone for an outing.20、means, politics, physics, plastics等作主语时，谓语

13、动词用单数形式。1、Nothing but cars _ in the shop.Ais sold Bare sold Cwere sold Dare going to sell2、No one except Jack and Tom _ the answer.Aknow Bknows Cis knowing Dare known3、Seventy percent of the students in our school _ from the countryside.Ais Bare Ccomes Dare coming4、_of the money_ used up.AThree-five

14、, are BThree-fifths, have beenCThree-fifths, has been DThird-fifths, is5、The number of the people who _ cars_ increasing.Aowns, are Bowns, is Cown, is Down, are6、One of Marxs works _ written in English in the 1860s.Awas Bwere Cwould be Dare7、The sheets for your bed _ washing.Aneeds Bare needing Cwan

15、t Dare wanting8、On each side of the street _ a lot of trees.Astands Bgrow Cis standing Dare grown9、Some person _ calling for you at the gate.Aare Bis Cis being Dwill be10、All that can be eaten _ eaten up.Aare being Bhas been Chad been Dhave been11、Toms teacher and friend_ Mr. Smith.Aare Bis Care bei

16、ng Dhas12、Your new clothes fit you, but mine _ me.Adoesnt fit Bdont fit Cdoesnt fit for Ddont fit for13、Neither he nor I _ for the plan.Aam Bare Cis Dwere14、Many a student _ that mistake before.Ahas made Bhave made Chas been made Dhad made15、Peter, perhaps John, _ playing with the little dog.Ais Bar

17、e Cwere Dseems16、Laying eggs _ the ant queens full-time job.Ais Bare Chas Dhave17、Between the two buildings _ a monument.Astand Bstands Cstanding Dis standing18、I, who _ your good friend, will share your joys and sorrow.Aam Bis Care Dwas19、The United Nations_ in 1945.Awere found Bwere founded Cwas f

18、ounded Dwas found20、_ were also invited to the party.AMr Smith BThe Smith CThe Smiths DSmiths21、The glass works _ in 1959.Awere set up Bwas set up Cwere put up Dwere built22、Three hours with your girl friend _ to be a short time.Aseem Bseems Cis seeming Dhas seemed23、It was reported that six _ inclu

19、ding a boy.Awas killed Bwere killed Cwas killing Dhad killed24、The police _ a prisoner.Ais searching for Bare searching for Cis searching Dare searched for25、Deer_ faster than dogs.Arun Bruns Care running Dwill run26、The wounded _ good care of here now.Ais taken Bare being taken Care taking Dis taki

20、ng27、The whole class _ greatly moved at his words.Awas Bwere Chad Dis28、Over 80 percent of the population of China _ peasants.Awas Bis Care Dwill be29、There _ a knife and fork on the table.Aseems to be Bseem to be Cis seeming to be Dare30、Those who _ singing may join us.Aare liking Blikes Cenjoy Dis

21、 fond of31、His family _ music lovers.Aall are Bare all CIs Dare being32、A professor and a writer_ present at the meeting.Awas Bis Cwere Dhad been33、The pair of shoes _ worn out.Awas Bwere Chave been Dhad been34、The students in our school each _ an English dictionary.Ahave Bhas Chad Dare having35、Mor

22、e than one answer _ to the question.Ahave been given Bhas been given Cwere given Dhad given36、The boy sitting by the window is the only one of the students who _ from the countryside in our school.Aare Bis Cwere Dwas37、Our family _a happy one.Ais Bare Cwas Dwere38、Most of the mistakes _ because of c

23、arelessness.Awere made Bare made Chas been made Dwere making39、Most of his time _ in reading novels.Aare spent Bis spent Cwere spent Dwas spending40、The rest of the novel _ very interesting.Awere Bare Cis Dseem虚 拟 语 气虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握：1、虚拟条件句。2、名词性虚拟语气。3、虚拟语气的其他用语。一、虚拟条件句：条件状语从句是非真实情况，在这种情况下要用虚拟语气。1、条件从句

24、与现在事实不一致，其句型为：If 主语过去时，主语should（could, would, 或might）动词原形，如：If I were you, I would study hard.If it rained, I would not be here now.2、条件从句与过去事实不一致，句型为：If 主语had过去分词，主语should（could, would, 或might）have过去分词，如：If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have saved.If I had not studied hard, I would

25、have failed in the exam last term.3、条件从句与将来事实不一致，句型为： do，主语should（could） 原形 do 过去时（与现在事实条件句一样）。If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes.If you missed the film to night, you would feel sorry.注意问题：1、If条件句中绝对不可出现“would”。2、根据句

26、中的时间状语，有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况，即主句可能是现在的情况，条件句也许是发生在过去的情况，但都是遵守上述句型。3、在条件句中如果出现were, had, should可省去if，将主语与这些词倒装，例如：Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have saved.Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes.Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.二、名词性虚拟语气：在表示命令、建议要求、惊叹

27、时的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气，基本句型：主语（should）动词原形，如：Mother insisted that John go to bed at 9 oclock.（宾语从句）We suggested that the meeting should not be held.It was required that the crops should be harvested at once.（主语从句）The suggestion that he be invited was rejected.（同位语从句）That is their demand that their wages be

28、increased.（表语从句）注意：在这种句子中绝不出现“would”“must”“could”等。三、虚拟语气在一些特殊词中的使用或含蓄条件句：1、wish后的宾语从句：与现在愿望不一致 主语过去时；与过去愿望不一致 主语had过去分词；与未来愿望不一致 主语would（could）原形。I wish I were you.I wish I had visited the white House when I was in the states.I wish I met you tomorrow at the party.2、Its time句型：当Its time后用that从句时应该为

29、：主语should原形 或 主语过去时，例如：Its time that you went to school. 或Its time that you should go to school.3、If only引起的感叹句相当于“How I wish宾语从句”If only he could come! 他要能来就好了。If only I had known the answer! 我要早知答案就好了。4、would rather, as if（though）引导的句子也需使用虚拟，表示过去的情况用过去完成时，表示现在与将来的情况用过去时，如：Id rather you posted the

30、letter right away.Id rather you had returned the book yesterday.She loves the children as if they were hers.Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there.5、without, but, but for, otherwise引起的短语或句子常暗含着含蓄条件。Without you, I would never know him.But for your cooperation, we wouldnt have done the work so

31、 well.But that she was afraid, she would have said no.I would be most glad to help you, but I am busy now.I would have come to the party yesterday, but I was working.I am busy now, otherwise I would do you the favor!1、It is important that a college student _ a foreign language.Awill masterBmasterCma

32、stersDwould master2、It is strange that she_ without saying a word.Ashould have gone out BwentCshould go out Dgoes out3、If my lawyer_ here last Saturday, he_ me from going.Ahad been, would have preventedBhad been, would preventCwere, would preventDwere, would have prevent4、“He is a brave man.”“Yes, I

33、 wish I_ his courage.”Ahave Bhad Cwill have Dmay have5、If it_ rain, the crops would be saved.Ashould Bwill Cis going to Dwas to6、He ordered that the medicine_ by a special plane.Awas sent Bwould be sentCshould send Dbe sent7、If you_ the medicine, you_ better now.Atook, would feel Bhad taken, feltCha

34、d taken, would feel Dtook, would have felt8、She is my sister, but she often acts as if_ my mother.Ais Bwas Cwere Dhad been9、I went to bed early last night, but I wish I_ so.Adidnt do Bhadnt do Chavent done Dcouldnt do10、Id rather he_ tomorrow afternoon.Awill come Bcomes Ccoming Dcame倒装句 英语的基本句型是主语 +

35、 谓语。如果将主语与谓语调换, 称倒装句。倒装句分全倒装句和半倒装句。一、 全倒装: 主语与谓语交换位置不需任何助动词, 叫全倒装。全倒装有以下三种情况:1、当here, there, out, in, up, down等副词放在句首时, 句子需全倒装:There goes the bell! 铃响了！There lived an old man.Here comes the bus.注意: 在这种情况下倒装仅限于不及物动词或be动词, 像go, come, mush等。主语如果是代词时不需倒装如Away he went. 他走远了。2、方位状语在句首, 如:In front of the h

36、ouse stopped a police car.Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island.Under the tree sat a boy.3、直接引语在句首, 这种情况可倒装也可不倒装"What does it mean?" asked the boy或the boy asked.二、半倒装: 主语与谓语的助动词交换位置称半倒装, 有以下数种情况:1. 义的词在句首, 句子半倒装, 例如: little, never, not, no, hardly, rarely, seldomNever

37、 shall I forget you.At no time was the man aware of what was happening.Little did I understand what he said to me at that time.2. 列连词如not onlybut also, hardly when等连接两个并列句, 连词在句首, 前句半倒装, 后句不倒装: Not only was everything he had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship was taken away. No soo

38、ner had I got to the bus stop than the bus started.注意: not onlybut also连接两个并列主语时不需倒装, 如: Not only you but also I like playing chess.neithernor在句首时, 前后两句都需倒装, Neither do I have a sister nor does my husband.3、only在句首强调状语, 主句半倒装:Only then did I realize that I was wrong.Only in this way can I learn from

39、 my fault.Only when the war was over in 1918, was he able to get back to work.注意: only强调主语不倒装:Only the teachers can use the room.4、sothat句型, so在句首时, 主句倒装, that从句不倒装:So easy is it that a clild can learn it.So hard did he work that he finally won the fame.I saw the film, so did he.1、倒装句（Inversion）英语的基

40、本语序是“主语+谓语”。如果将谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前，这种语序称为“倒装”。一、倒装的类型类型例 句说 明 完 全 倒 装Out rushed the students to welcome the foreign friends.学生们涌出去欢迎外国朋友。整个谓语移至主语之前。 部 分 倒 装Seldom does he go to school late.他上学很少迟到。只把系动词，情态动词，助动词或表语放在主语之前。二、倒装结构的基本用法重点1、由于语法结构的需要而使用的倒装情 况例 句说 明疑问句中Have you got a dictionary?你有一本字典吗？Where

41、did he go last Monday?上星期一他去什么地方了？Are you listening to the radio?你在听广播吗？Who told you the news?谁告诉你那个消息的？Which boy broke this glass?哪个男孩子把这个玻璃打破了？用完全或部分倒装，但以疑问词或疑问词修饰的名词作主语的疑问句要用正常语序。“there be”结构中There are three wells in our village.我们村里有三口水井。There stands a big paper making factory by the river.河边有座大

42、型造纸厂。在以here, there, now, then, in, away, up down等副词开头的句子中Here is a letter for you.这儿有你一封信。There goes the bell. 铃响了。Now comes your turn to play.现在轮到你玩了。Away went the crowd one by one .人们一个一个地离去。Look, there he comes! 看，他来了。Down she went 她下来了。使用完全倒装结构。但如果主语是代词则用正常语序。在以neither nor 或no more开头的句子中I cant s

43、wim, nor (neither)can she .我不会游泳，她也不会。He hasnt been to the countryside, neither does he want to go there.他没有去过农村，他也不想去那里。He did not turn up. No more did his wife. 他没有来，他妻子也没有来。表示也不这样， neither和nor意思相同，可以替换使用，no more表示动作的程度并不比前面提到的稍强。意为也不。用在as（尽管）引导的让步状语从句中Proud as the nobles are ,he is afraid to see

44、me .尽管这些贵族很傲慢，他却害怕见我。Young as he is, he knows a lot .虽然他年轻，却知道很多东西。从属连句as用于特殊语序，含义与though, although相同，但“as”这种结构可表示非常强烈的对照，必须用倒装（表语提前）2、为了加强语气而使用的倒装。（使句子更加流畅，更加生动）情 况例 句说 明含有否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时Never before have we seen such a sight.以前我们从来没有见过这样的情景。Little did I think that he could be back alive.我没有想到他竟能活着

45、回来。Not until New Years Day shall I give you a gift.我要到元旦那天才能给你礼物。Not only was everything that he had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship.不仅他所有的一切被没收了，而且连他的德国公民权也被剥夺了。常用否定词有： never,not,hardly,scarcely seldom, little, not until, not onlybut also, no sooner than, hardly (scarcely)when等

46、。一般主句用部分倒装结构。副词only放在句首时Only then did he realize his mistakes .只有在那时，他才认识到自己的错误。Only in this way can you learn maths well .只有用这种方法，你才能学好数学。Only Mother can understand me .只有母亲最理解我。Only three of us failed in the exam.我们中只有三个人考试不及格。only 起强调作用，其句型为“only +状语+部分倒装”。如置于句首的only修饰主语，则不用倒装结构。虚拟语气条件从句中Were the

47、y here, they would help us .他们要是在这儿，他们会帮助我们的。Had I been informed earlier. I could have done something.我要是早得到通知，我就能干事了。Should you fail, take more pain and try again.万一你失败了，就要更加刻苦，重新再干。 把从句中if省略将were，had或should放在主语的前面。直接引语的全部或一部分放在句首时“He is a clever boy”said the teacher.老师说：“他是个聪明的孩子。”“Go, Dick, go!”c

48、ried Tom,“Go home and get help”“走，狄克，走！”汤姆呼喊着，“快回家去求援”“What do you think of the film? ”he asked.他问“你认为这部电影怎么样？”“Im leaving for Hongkong next month”Mary told me yesterday.玛利告诉我“我下月要去香港”。主句主语和谓语次序颠倒，用完全倒装。但如果主句主语为代词时或谓语部分比主语长，一般不用倒装。表示祝愿的句子中May you succeed! 祝你成功。Long live the Communist Party of China.

49、中国共产党万岁！谓语动词或谓语的一部分放在主语的前面。副词so在句首He is interested in pop-songs, and so am I .他对流行歌曲感兴趣，我也如此。They will learn chemistry next term, so will I .他们下学期学化学，我也学。I can drive a car, so can my younger brother.我会开汽车，我弟弟也会开车。表示前面所说的情况也适合于另一个人或另一事物的肯定句中。Tom won the first prize for the English competition.So he d

50、id.英语竞赛汤姆获得了一等奖。确实如此。It was cold yesterday. So it was .昨天天气冷。的确冷。如果后面的句子只是单纯重复前句的意思，不表示也适用于另一人或事，则不用倒装结构。在频度状语often, always, many a time等开头的句子中Often did we warn them not to do so.我们曾多次警告他们不要这样做。Many a time has she helped me with my English.她不止一次地帮助或学习英语。在方式状语thus开头的句子中及程度状语so放句首Thus ended his life.这

51、样结束了他的生命。So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him .他讲话的声音那样大，连隔壁屋子里的人都听得见。介词短语作状语，放在句首In the middle of the room stood a little girl.在房间中央站着一个小女孩。In the distance was a horse.马在远处。在强调表语的句子中Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements.阿尔伯特·曼因斯坦就是这样一个人

52、，一个纯朴而又取得巨大成就的人。Such is life. 生活就是这样。Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island.附近有两只他们来这个岛乘坐的独木船。表语提前，不仅为了强调，而且为了使句子结构达到平衡协调，或使上下文紧密衔接。1、 that we all went out, lying in the sun.AThe weather so fine was BSo fine was the weatherCSo the weather was fine DSo was fine weather2、Under his

53、 arm a pair of shoes which he had bought from the shop a few days before.Ais Bare Cwas Dwere 3、 who had arrested him three times for carrying drugs.ABefore George stood the policemanBBefore George the policeman stoodCBefore the policeman stood GeorgeDBefore George did the policeman4、Then we had been looking forward to .Acame the hour Bthe hour cameCcomes the hour Dthe hour is coming5、Only when he started to explain the reason for this.Ashe reali