化工设计词汇

1、阀门valve 杠杆重锤式 lever and weight type引导阀操纵的安全泄气阀pilot operated safety valve复式安全泄气阀twin type safety valve罐底排污阀 flush-bottom tank valve电磁阀 solenoid valve, solenoid operated valve电动阀 electrically operated valve, electric-motor operated valve 气动阀 pneumatic operated valve彳氐温用阀 cryoge nic service valve蒸汽疏水阀

2、 steam trap机械式疏水阎mecha ni cal trap浮桶式疏水阀ope n bucket trap, ope n top bucket trap浮球式疏水阀float trap倒吊桶式疏水阀in verted bucket trap自由浮球式疏水阀loose float trap恒温式疏水阀thermostatic trap金属膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀metal expa nsion steam trap液体膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀liquid expa nsion steam trap双金属膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀bimetallic expa nsion steam trap压力平衡式恒温疏水阀b

3、ala need pressure thermostatic trap热动力式疏水阀thermod yn amic trap脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀impulse steam trap放气阀(自动放气阀)air vent valve (automatic air vent valve)（疏水阀用）平板式滑动闸阀slab type slidi ng gate valve盖阀 flat valve换向阀 diverting valve, reversing valve热膨胀阀 thermo expa nsion valve自动关闭阀self-clos ing gate valve自动排液阀self-dra

4、 ining valve管道盲板阀li ne-bli nd valve挤压阀squeeze valve （用于泥浆及粉尘等）呼吸阀 breather valve风门、挡板damper减压阀 pressure reducing valve, reducing valve控制阀 control valve膜式控制阀diaphragm operated con trol valve执行机构 actuator背压调节阀back pressure regulati ng valve差压调节阀differe ntial pressure regulat ing valve压力比例调节阀pressure r

5、atio regulati ng valve1.6.4未指明结构（或阀型）的阀切断阀 block valve; shut-off valve; stop valve调节阀 regulating valve快开阀 quick opening valve快闭阀 quick closing valve隔断阀isolati ng valve三通阀three way valve夹套阔jacketed valve非旋转式阀 non-rotary valve排污阀 blowdown valve集液排放阀 drip valve排液阀drain valve放空阀vent valve卸载阀uni oad ing

6、valve排出阀discharge valve吸入阀suct ion valve多通路阀 multiport valve取样阀sampli ng valve手动阀han d-operated valve; manu ally operated valve锻造阀forged valve铸造阀cast valve（水）龙头 bibb; bib; faucet抽出液阀（小阀） bleed valve旁路阀by-pass valve软管阀hose valve混合阀mixi ng valve破真空阀 vacuum breaker冲洗阀 flush valve第一道阀；根部阀 primary valve根

7、部阀 root valve总管阀 header valve事故切断阀 emerge ncy valve1.7 管道特殊件Piping Specialty1.7.1管道特殊件（组件）粗滤器 strainer过滤器filter临时粗滤器（锥型）temporary stra iner （cone type）y 型粗滤器 y-type strainerT 型粗滤器 T-type strainer永久过滤器 perma nent filter丝网粗滤器 gauze strai ner洗眼器及淋浴器eye washer and shower视镜 sight glass阻火器 flame arrester喷

8、嘴；喷头 spray nozzle取样冷去卩器 sample cooler消声器 silencer膨胀节 expansion joint波纹膨胀节bellow expa nsion joint单波 single bellow双波 double bellow多波 multiple bellow压力平衡式膨胀节pressure bala need expa nsion带铰链膨胀节hin ged expa nsion joint车由向位移型膨胀节axial moveme nt type expa nsion joint自均衡膨胀节(外加强环)self-equaliz ing expa nsion j

9、oi nt带接杆膨胀节tied expa nsion joint万向型膨胀节uni versal type expa nsion joint球形补偿器ball type expa nsion joint填函式补偿器 slip type (packed type) expa nsion joint 单向滑动填料函补偿器 si ngle actio npacked slip joi nt1.7.2 管道特殊元件 Piping Special Element软管接头 hose conn ectio n (HC)快速接头 quick coupli ng金属软管 metal hose橡胶管 rubber

10、 hose挠性管 flexible tube鞍形补强板 reinforcing saddles补强板 reinforcement pad特殊法兰 special flange漏斗 funnel排液环 drip ring排液漏斗 drain funnel插板blank垫环 spacer8 字盲板 spectacle blind; figure 8 blind限流孑L板 restriction orifice爆破片 rupture disk法兰盖贴面protective disc费托立克接头victaulic coupli ng1.8 端部连接 End Connection法兰端 flanged

11、end坡口端 beveled end (BE)对焊端 butt welded end平端 plain end (PE)承插焊端 socket welding end螺纹端 threaded end (TE)承口 bell end焊接端 welding end法兰连接（接头）flan ged joi nt对焊连接(接头)butt welded joi nt螺纹连接，管螺纹连接threaded joi nt, pipe threaded joi nt锥管螺纹密圭寸焊连接seal-welded taper pipe threaded joi nt承插焊连接(接头)socket welded joi

12、nt承插连接(接头)bell and spigot joi nt环垫接头 ring joi nt (RJ)万向接头 uni versal joint软钎焊连接(接头)soldered joi nt搭接接头，松套连接lapped joi nt外侧厚度切斜角bevel for outside thick ncss内侧厚度切斜角bevel for in side thick ness内外侧厚度切斜角bevel for combi ned thick ness法兰式的 flan ged (FLGD)对焊的 butt welded (BW)螺纹的 threaded (THD)承插焊的 socket we

13、lded (SW)小端为平的 small end plai n (SEP)大端为平的 large end plai n (LEP)两端平 both ends plain (BEP)小端带螺纹 small end thread (SET)大端带螺纹 large end thread (LET)两端带螺纹 both end thread (BET)一端带螺纹 one end thread (OET)支管连接 branch connection焊接支管 branch pipe welded directly to the run pipe2管道用紧固件及螺纹2.1紧固件螺栓bolt六角头螺栓 hex

14、ago nal head bolt方头螺栓 square head bolt螺柱，双头螺栓stud bolt环头螺检eye bolt沉头螺栓 countersunk (head) screw地脚螺栓 anchor bolt; foundation bolt松紧螺旋扣(花篮螺丝)turnbuckleU形螺栓U-boltT形螺栓T-bolt圆头螺钉 round head bolt机螺栓，机螺钉maehi ne bolt顶开螺栓，顶起螺栓Jack screw自攻螺钉 self tapping screw膨胀螺栓 expansion bolt粗制的 coarse精制的 finished, fine螺母

15、nut六角螺母 hexago nal nut 方螺母 square nut蝶形螺母wing nut扁螺母flat nut锁紧螺母lock nut垫圈 washer平垫圈 plain washer 球面垫圈 spherical washer 弹簧垫圈 spri ng washer 方垫圈 square washer 斜垫圈 slant washer销车由 pinned shan销pin开口销 cotter pin定位销 dowel pin带孔销 pin with hole 圆锥销 taper pin铆钉rivet 键key22螺纹左螺纹 left hand thread右螺纹 right han

16、d thread管螺纹 pipe thread锥管螺纹 taper pipe thread直管螺纹 straight pipe thread梯形螺纹 trapezoid thread螺距 pitch of thread粗牙螺纹coarse thread细牙螺纹fine thread特细牙螺纹 extra fine thread通长螺纹full thread惠氏螺纹 whitworth thread公制螺纹 metric ibread美国标准锥管螺纹American sta ndard taper pipe thread (NPT)螺孔tap3材料、型钢及填料3.1金属材料3.1.1 黑色金属

17、Ferrous Metal碳素钢 carbon steel (CS)低碳钢 low-carb on steel中碳钢 medium-carb on steel高碳钢 high-carb on steel普通碳素钢 gen eral carb on steel优质碳素钢 high-quality carb on steel普通低合金结构钢gen eral structure low-alloy steel合金结构钢 structural alloy steel合金钢 alloy steel低合金钢 low alloy steel中合金钢 medium alloy steel高合金钢 high a

18、lloy steel耐热钢 heat resisting steel高强度钢 high stre ngth steel复合钢clad steel工具钢tool steel弹簧钢 spring steel钼辛冈 molybdenum steel镍钢 nickel steel铬钢 chromium steel铬钼辛冈 chrome-molybdenum steel铬镍钢 chromium-nickel steel,chrome-nickel steel 不锈钢 stainless steel (S.S.)奥氏体不锈钢Auste nitic stai nl ess steel马氏体不锈钢 Marte

19、 nsitic stai nless steel司特来合金(钨铬钴台金)Stellite耐蚀耐热镍基合金Hastelloy铬镍铁合金incon el耐热铬镍铁合金in coloy20 合金 20 alloy平炉钢(马丁钢)Marti n steel镇静钢 killed steel半镇静钢 semi-killed steel沸腾钢 rimmed steel; rimming steel; open-steel 锻钢 forged steel铸钢 cast steel铸铁 cast iron (C.I.)灰铸铁 grey cast iron可锻铸铁 malleable iron (Ml)球墨铸铁

20、no dular cast iron; no dular graphite iron 生铁 pig iron熟铁，锻铁 wrought iron铸件 casting高硅铸铁 high silic on cast iron3.1.2镀层及制造方法渗铬钢，镀铬钢chromized steel镀铬的 chromium-plated, chrome-plated 镀层 plating锻造，型钢 swage锻造的，锻造 forgi ng轧制 rolling热轧 hot rolling冷轧 cold rolling挤压 extruding冷加工 cold working热加工 hot working拔制

21、drawing3.1.3 有色金属 Non-ferrous Metal乍吕 aluminum铜，紫铜 copper黄铜brass青铜 bronze铝青铜 aluminum bronze磷青铜 phosphor bronze铝镁合金 aluminum magnesium锰青铜 manganese bronze蒙乃尔（注：镍及铜合金）Monel镍铜台金 nickel copper alloy非铁合金 non ferrous alloy钛 titanium铅 lead硬铅 hard lead3.1.4材料性能极限强度ultimate stre ngth抗拉强度ten sile stre ngth屈服

22、极限yield limit屈服点 yield point延伸率 percentage elongation抗压强度compressive stre ngth抗弯强度bending stre ngth弹性极限elastic limit冲击值 impact value疲劳极限fatigue limit蠕变极限creep limit持久极限en dura nee limit布氏硬度 Brin ell hard ness洛氏硬度 Rockwell hard ness维氏硬度 Vickers diamond hardness, diamond penetrator hardness 蠕变断裂强度 cre

23、ep rupture stre ngth 断面收缩率 reduction of area韧性 toughess脆性 brittleness延性 ductility冷脆 cold shortness冷流 cold flow3.2 非金属材料Non-metallic Material塑料 plastic丙烯腈一丁 二烯一苯乙烯acrylo nitrile-butadie ne-styre ne (ABS)聚乙烯 polyethylene (PE)聚氯乙烯 polyvi nyl chloride (PVC)苯乙烯橡胶 styre ne-rubber (SR)聚丁烯 polybutylene (PB)

24、聚丙烯 polypropylene (PP)聚苯乙烯 polystyre ne (PS)氯化聚醚 chlorinated polyether (CPE)聚酰胺 polyamide (PA) 聚碳酸酯 polycarbonate (PC)聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)醋酸丁酸纤维素 cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) 氯化聚氯乙烯 chlori nated polyvi nyl chloride (CPVC) 聚偏二氟乙烯polyvi nylide ne fluoride (PVDF)缩醛塑料 acetal plasti

25、c 尼龙塑料n yl on plastic 聚烯烃 polyolefin (PO)石墨酚醛塑料graphite phe no lie plastics聚四氟乙烯 polytetrafluoroethyle ne (PTFE)纤维增强热塑性塑料fiber rei nforced thermoplastics热塑性塑料 thermoplastic热固性塑料 thermosett ing plastics胶粘剂adhesive溶剂胶接剂 solve nt ceme nt树脂resin环氧树脂 epoxy, epoxy resin聚酯树脂 polyester resin聚酯纤维 polyester f

26、ibers氟塑料 fluoroplastics聚氨基甲酸酯polyuretha ne丙烯酸树脂 acrylic resin脲醛树脂 urea resin呋哺树脂 furan resin乙烯丙烯二烃单体ethyle ne propyle ne die ne mon omer (EPDM)合成橡胶 synthetic rubber橡胶rubber丁腈橡胶 nitrile butadiene rubber氯丁橡胶 neoprene天然橡胶 n atural rubber乙丙橡胶 ethylene propylene rubber (EPR)玻璃glass硼硅玻璃 borosilicate glass

27、耐火砖 fire brick陶瓷 ceramic搪瓷 porcelain enamel木材 wood3.3型材型辛钢 shaped steel, section steel, swage角辛钢 angle steel槽钢 channel工字钢 I-beam宽缘工字钢或H钢wide flanged beamT型钢T-bar方辛钢 square bar扁钢 flat bar角辛钢 hexagonal steel bar圆辛钢 round steel; rod钢带 strap steel钢板plate网纹钢板 checkered plate腹板（指型钢的立板）web翼缘（指型钢的缘）wing3.4填

28、料及填料函填料 packing石棉绳 asbestos rope, asbestos cord .O 形环 O-ring自密圭寸 self-sealing四氟带Teflon tap带铬镍合金丝的石棉绳asbestos rope with inconel wire, inconel wire asbestos浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉填料Teflo n impreg nated asbestos pack ing金属填料 metallic stuffing填料箱，填料函packi ng box, stuffi ng box填料函压盖 stuffi ng box gla nd4管道等级及材料统计4.1 管

29、道材料规定Pipi ng Material Specificati on管道等级 piping class; piping classification管道等级号 class desig nati on公称直径 nominal diameter (DN); nomin al (pipe) size公称压力 nomi nal pressure (PN)压力级，等级，类别 class (CL)低压 low pressure (L.P .)中压 medium pressure (M.P .)高压 high pressure (H.P .)大气压 atmosphere (ATM)真空 vacuum工作

30、压力 operat ing pressure; work ing pressure设计压力 desig n pressure工作温度 operating temperature设计温度 design temperature环境温度 ambient temperature腐蚀裕量 corrosion allowanee管道附件 pip ing attachme nt管道元件 piping element壁厚 wall thickness (WT)壁厚系列号 schedule number (SCH. No.)加厚的，加强的 extra heavy, extra stro ng双倍加厚的，双倍加强

31、的double extra heavy, double extra stro ng通用连接组 typieal in stallatio n分组(类)形式(如管道等级表)block form数据库data base文件file4.2 材料统计 Material Take-off (MTO)汇总表 summary sheet材料表 bill of material (BM)综合管道材料表con solidated pipi ng material summary sheet (CPMSS)统计材料准确度accuracy of take-off材料情况报告material status report

32、 (MSR)散装材料bulk material编位号的itemized代码 code number短代码 short code数量 quantity (QTY)重力 weight净重 net weight毛重 gross weight5设备布置及管道布置Plot Pla n and Pip ing Layout,Equipme nt and Pip ing Arran geme nt5.1 设备名称 Equipme nt Name5.1.1 容器 Vessel(1)塔 tower, column洗涤塔scrubber吸收塔absorber冷去卩塔 cooling tower精馏塔 fracti

33、onating tower蒸馏塔 distillation tower再生塔 regenering tower造粒塔 prflling tower汽提塔 stripper脱气塔 degasifier合成塔 synthesis tower反应器reactor聚台釜 polymerizer转化器，变换器con verter脱硫反应器 desulphurizati on reactor 甲烷化器 metha nator(3) 气柜 gas-holder螺旋式气柜 helical gas-holder 湿式气柜 wet gas-holder 干式气柜 dry gas-holder(4) 槽罐贮罐 ta

34、nk; storage tank缓冲罐 knock out drum球罐 spheroid, spherical tank 罐 drum接受槽 receiver计量槽 measuring tank加料槽feed tank排污罐 blow down tank闪蒸罐flash drum汽包 steam drum溶液贮槽 solution storage tank 地下槽sloptank(5) 其它设备分离器 separator旋风分离器 cyclo ne分子筛 molecular sieve脱氧器 deaerator搅拌器agitator干燥器dryer混合器mixer萃取器extractor结晶

35、器crystallizer澄清器gravity settler净化器purifier气化器vaporizer吸附器adsorber融解槽melter减温器desuperheater升压器booster喷射器ejector喷头 sprayer火炬flare消声器 silencer(6) 换热器、加热器、冷却器换热器 heat exchanger空冷器 air cooler水冷却器 water cooler冷凝器 condenser螺旋板式换热器spiral plate heat excha nger蒸发器 evaporator 再沸器reboiler急冷器 quencher深冷器chiller预

36、热器 preheater再热器 reheater加热器heater电加热器 electric heater 过热器 super heater 给水加热器 feed water heater 中间冷却器inter cooler 后冷却器after cooler5.1.2工业炉及锅炉炉子 furnace烧嘴burner锅炉boiler烟囱stack废热锅炉 waste heat boiler 辅助锅炉 auxiliary boiler 省煤器 economizer 回热炉 direct-fired heater 辐射段 radiant section对流段convection sect ion裂化

37、炉reformer焚烧炉incin erator回转窑rotary kiln炉管 furnace tube吹灰器soot blower观察孔observati on door, peep door防爆门explosi on door5.2辅助用房名称5.2.1生产用房分析室 analyzer room变压器室 transformer room酉己电室，变电所substati on, switch room蓄电池室 battery room控制室con trol room通风室ven tilati ng room贮藏室storage room维修间maintenance room办公室offic

38、e522生活用房更农室 locker room盥洗室，厕所 closet, lavatory, toilet5.3图名管道布置平面pip ing arran geme nt pla n (PAP)管道布置 pip ing layout车由测图 isometric drawing分区索引图key plan初版设备布置图(“ A ”版)prelim in ary plot plan (“ A ” issue)内部审查版设备布置图(“ B”版)inrernal approval plot plan (“B ” issue)用户审查版设备布置图(“ C ”版)owner approval plot p

39、la n ("C” issue)确认版设备布置图(“D”版)confirm plot plan ("D” issue)研究版设备布置图(“e ”版)pla nning plot pla n (“ E ” issue)设计版设备布置图(“F”)desig ning plot pla n ("F ” issue)施工版设备布置图(“ G ”版)con struction plot pla n ("G ” issue)5.4厂房、站、单元压缩机房 compressor house (room)泵房 pump house (room)洗眼站 eye washer

40、 station泡沫站 foam station软管站，公用工程站hose statio n (HS), utility station成套设备 package unit设施 facilities罐区 tank yard空分装置 air separation facility5.5设备布置设备位号 equipment item number工厂 plant工厂区界plant limit项目区界内侧 in side battery limit (I.S.B.L.)项目区界 batterylimit (BL)区界 area limit区域边界 zone iimit界外 off site东 east

41、 (E)西 west (W)南 south (S)北 north (N)上up下 down工厂北向 pla nt n orth真实北向 true north道路road小过道 cat walk, cat way走道，过道 walk way, gan gway, access way污水坑(井) sump pit集水池 catch basin沟槽 through预留区trough场地 future area铺砌区 paving area非铺砌区 un paved area碎石铺面 gravel paving橡皮铺面 rubber pavi ng面积，区域 area体积，容积 volume (VO

42、L)5.6管道布置管道设计 piping design 管道研究 pipi ng study走向研究 routi ng study 重要管道 critical piping 地上管道 above ground piping 地下管道 un der ground pip ing 管网 network of pipes 管廊 pipe rack 管沟 piping trench 管间距 line spaci ng 管道跨距 line span 总管 header, manifold 旁路 by pass 排液drain 放空vent上升管，垂直管riser导管 canduit裸管 bare iin

43、e管件直接 fitting to fitting (FTF) 管段，接口 spool piece, spool 取样接口 sampli ng connection 集液包drip leg 伴热管 tracing pipe蒸汽伴热 steam tracing 热水伴热 hot-water trac ing电伴热 electrical tracing夹套管 jacketed line, jacketed piping 全夹套的full jacketed平面plan详图detail“ ”视图 X view “X”"”剖视 A-A section “ A-A ”连接图 hook up dra

44、wing接续图 continue on drawing (COD)接续线 match line (M.L.)比例scale图例lege nd符号 symbol管口表 list of nozzles方位 orientation管口方位 no zzle orie ntati on定位 location相交 intersection水平的 horizo ntal垂直的，立式的vertical垂直，正交，垂直的perpe ndicular平行，平行的 parallel水平安装 horiz ontal in stallation垂直安装 vertical installafion对称的 symmetri

45、c相反（的），对面（的）opposite顺时针方向clock wise逆时针方向coun ter clock wise计算机辅助设计computer aided desig n (CAD)5.7图面标注绝对标高 abselute elevatio n海平面标咼over-sea mea n level (OSL)标高，立面elevati on (EL)混凝土顶面top of con crete架顶面 top of support (TOS)钢结构顶面top of steel梁项面 top of beam (TOB) 支撑点 poi nt of suppon (POS) 管顶 top of pip

46、e (TOP) 管底 bouom of pipe (BOP) 沟底 boaom of trench管子内底 invert (inside bottom of pipe) 底平 flat on bottom (FOB)顶平 flat on top (FOT) 工作点 working point (W.P .) 面至面 face to face (F-F)中心至端面cen ter to end (C-E)中心至面 center to face (C-F)中心至中心，中至中 center to cen ter (C-C)坐标 coord in ate坐标原点 origi n of coord in

47、ate出口中心线cen ter line of discharge入口中心线cen ter line of suct ion中心线 centerline (CL) 入口 iniet, suction 出口 outlet, discharge 排出口 exhaust 距离 distanee5.8相关专业的专业词汇5.8.1工艺(1)图及表流程图 flow diagram工艺流程图 process flow diagram (PFD)管道及仪表流程图pip ing andin strume nt flow diagram (PID)公用工程流程图utility flow diagram (UFD)

48、管线表 line list; line schedule命名表；管道表nomen clature设备表 equipment list (schedule)流体fluid空气air仪表空气in strume nt air工艺空气process air低压蒸汽low pressure steam中压蒸汽medium pressure steam咼压蒸汽high pressure steam伴热蒸汽trac ing steam饱和蒸汽saturated steam过热蒸汽superheated steam氧气oxyge n氢气 hydrogen氮气 nitrogen燃料气fuel gas天然气 na

49、tural gas火炬气 flare gas酸性气sour gas液化石油气 liquefired petroleum gas (LPG)氨气 ammonia gas冷却水cooling循环水 circulating water锅炉给水 boiler feed water热水 hot water蒸汽冷凝水 steam conden sate盐水brine工艺水 process water化学污水 chemical sewage防腐剂 corrosion inhibitor重油 heavy oil石脑油 naphtha燃料油fuel oil润滑油 lubricating oil密圭寸油seali

50、ng oil冷冻剂 refrigerant载热体 heating medium溶剂 solve nt溶液 solution母液 mother liquor单体 monomer聚合物 polymer均聚物 homopolymer共聚物 copolymer工艺液体 process liquid工艺气体 process gas硫酸 sulphuric acid盐酸 chlorhydric acid硝酸 nitric acid烧碱 caustic soda(3)流体特性 fluid characteristics 蒸汽压 vapor pressure临界温度 critical temperature

51、临界点 critical point临界压力 critical pressure比热 specific heat湿度 humidity密度 density比重 specific gravity粘度 viscosity闪点 flash point融点 melting point凝固点 freezing point浓度 concentration爆炸极限 limit of explosion有毒的 toxic可燃的；易燃的 flammable(4)其它回收 recovery再生 regeneration循环 cireulatlon再循环；再生 recycle补充 make-up制备 prepara

52、tion蒸汽吹扫 steam ing out吹扫 purge扌由空；排空 evacuati on吹出 blow-off排污 blow down破真空 vacuum breaker大气腿 barometric leg备用 stand-by化学清洗 chemical cleaning净正吸入压头 n et positive suctio n head (NPSH)进料feed 成品 product污染 contamination大气污染 atmospheric pollution环境温度 ambient temperature5.8.2建筑、结构建筑物building钢结构 steel struc

53、ture已有钢结构 existi ng steel structure钢筋混凝土结构rein forced con crete con structi on楼面floor平台platform (PF)地面gro und level栏杆han drail楼梯stair; stair way直梯ladder柱 column; post; stanchion 基础 foundation; footing 粱 beam斜撑；支撑 bracing桁架；主粱 girder构件 member隔墙 partition wall墙 wall篦子板 grate; grating 吊装孑L erection ope

54、ning 吊梁 hoisting beam 棚 shelter窗 window天窗 skylight门 door防火门 fire door地漏 floor drain防火层 fire-proofing总图 general plot plan 路肩 shoulder桩 pile灌浆 grouting风荷载wind load雪荷载 snow load动力荷载 dynamic load静荷载dead load活荷载live load风速 wind velocity主导风向 most freque nt wi nd direct ion583仪表盘（操作盘） panel就地盘 local panel仪表盘