儿童生长发育参照标准

1、前囟出生时约12cm最迟于1.5岁闭合。囟门呈菱形，我们测量囟门大小指的是菱形两条边之间的距离。头围是指从眉弓上方最突出处，经枕后结节（枕骨突出部位）绕头一周的长度。头围可反映出脑和颅骨的发育程度。小儿出生时平均为3 4厘米。出生后前半年头围增长很快，可增加812厘米，后半年可增加24厘米。一岁时头围平均为46厘米，两岁时可达48厘米，5岁时为50厘米，15岁时即接近成人，为5458厘米。头小畸形及大脑发育不全时，头围过小，头围过大时应注意有无脑积水。小孩一般6个月出乳牙，到两岁半的时候，20颗乳牙就出完了。然后6岁左右就开始萌出第一颗恒磨牙，已及开始换牙了，到12岁左右就换完乳牙，也长了第二

2、颗恒磨牙了，总共有28颗中国7岁以下儿童生长发育参照标准表1  7岁以下男童身高（长）标准值（cm）年龄月龄-3SD-2SD-1SD中位数+1SD+2SD+3SD出生045.246.948.650.452.254.055.8 148.750.752.754.856.959.061.2 252.254.356.558.761.063.365.7 355.357.559.762.064.366.669.0 457.960.162.364.666.969.371.7 559.962.164.466.769.171.573.9

3、60;661.463.766.068.470.873.375.8 762.765.067.469.872.374.877.4 863.966.368.771.273.776.378.9 965.267.670.172.675.277.880.5 1066.468.971.474.076.679.382.1 1167.570.172.775.378.080.883.61岁1268.671.273.876.579.382.185.0 1571.274.076.979.882.885.888.9 1873.676.679.682.

4、785.889.192.4 2176.079.182.385.689.092.495.92岁2478.381.685.188.592.195.899.5 2780.583.987.591.194.898.6102.5 3082.485.989.693.397.1101.0105.0 3384.488.091.695.499.3103.2107.23岁3686.390.093.797.5101.4105.3109.4 3987.591.294.998.8102.7106.7110.7 4289.393.096.7100.6104.510

5、8.6112.7 4590.994.698.5102.4106.4110.4114.64岁4892.596.3100.2104.1108.2112.3116.5 5194.097.9101.9105.9110.0114.2118.5 5495.699.5103.6107.7111.9116.2120.6 5797.1101.1105.3109.5113.8118.2122.65岁6098.7102.8107.0111.3115.7120.1124.7 63100.2104.4108.7113.0117.5122.0126.7 6610

6、1.6105.9110.2114.7119.2123.8128.6 69103.0107.3111.7116.3120.9125.6130.46岁72104.1108.6113.1117.7122.4127.2132.1 75105.3109.8114.4119.2124.0128.8133.8 78106.5111.1115.8120.7125.6130.5135.6 81107.9112.6117.4122.3127.3132.4137.6注：表中3岁前为身长，3岁及3岁后为身高表2  7岁以下女童身高（长）标准值（cm）

7、0;年龄月龄-3SD-2SD-1SD中位数+1SD+2SD+3SD出生044.746.448.049.751.453.255.0 147.949.851.753.755.757.859.9 251.153.255.357.459.661.864.1 354.256.358.460.662.865.167.5 456.758.861.063.165.467.770.0 558.660.862.965.267.469.872.1 660.162.364.566.869.171.574.0 761.363.665.968.270.

8、673.175.6 862.564.867.269.672.174.777.3 963.766.168.571.073.676.278.9 1064.967.369.872.475.077.780.5 1166.168.671.173.776.479.282.01岁1267.269.772.375.077.780.583.4 1570.272.975.678.581.484.387.4 1872.875.678.581.584.687.791.0 2175.178.181.284.487.791.194.52岁2477.38

9、0.583.887.290.794.398.0 2779.382.786.289.893.597.3101.2 3081.484.888.492.195.999.8103.8 3383.486.990.594.398.1102.0106.13岁3685.488.992.596.3100.1104.1108.1 3986.690.193.897.5101.4105.4109.4 4288.491.995.699.4103.3107.2111.3 4590.193.797.4101.2105.1109.2113.34岁4891.795.4

10、99.2103.1107.0111.1115.3 5193.297.0100.9104.9109.0113.1117.4 5494.898.7102.7106.7110.9115.2119.5 5796.4100.3104.4108.5112.8117.1121.65岁6097.8101.8106.0110.2114.5118.9123.4 6399.3103.4107.6111.9116.2120.7125.3 66100.7104.9109.2113.5118.0122.6127.2 69102.0106.3110.7115.21

11、19.7124.4129.16岁72103.2107.6112.0116.6121.2126.0130.8 75104.4108.8113.4118.0122.7127.6132.5 78105.5110.1114.7119.4124.3129.2134.2 81106.7111.4116.1121.0125.9130.9136.1 注：表中3岁前为身长，3岁及3岁后为身高中国7岁以下儿童生长发育参照标准-体重表3  7岁以下男童体重标准值（kg） 年龄月龄-3SD-2SD-1SD中位数+1SD+2SD+3SD出生02.26

12、2.582.933.323.734.184.66 13.093.523.994.515.075.676.33 23.944.475.055.686.387.147.97 34.695.295.976.707.518.409.37 45.255.916.647.458.349.3210.39 55.666.367.148.008.959.9911.15 65.976.707.518.419.4110.5011.72 76.246.997.838.769.7910.9312.20 86.467.238.099.0510

13、.1111.2912.60 96.677.468.359.3310.4211.6412.99 106.867.678.589.5810.7111.9513.34 117.047.878.809.8310.9812.2613.681岁127.218.069.0010.0511.2312.5414.00 157.688.579.5710.6811.9313.3214.88 188.139.0710.1211.2912.6114.0915.75 218.619.5910.6911.9313.3314.9016.662岁249.0610.09

14、11.2412.5414.0115.6717.54 279.4710.5411.7513.1114.6416.3818.36 309.8610.9712.2213.6415.2417.0619.13 3310.2411.3912.6814.1515.8217.7219.893岁3610.6111.7913.1314.6516.3918.3720.64 3910.9712.1913.5715.1516.9519.0221.39 4211.3112.5714.0015.6317.5019.6522.13 4511.6612.9614.44

15、16.1318.0720.3222.914岁4812.0113.3514.8816.6418.6721.0123.73 5112.3713.7615.3517.1819.3021.7624.63 5412.7414.1815.8417.7519.9822.5725.61 5713.1214.6116.3418.3520.6923.4326.685岁6013.5015.0616.8718.9821.4624.3827.85 6313.8615.4817.3819.6022.2125.3229.04 6614.1815.8717.8520.1822

16、.9426.2430.22 6914.4816.2418.3120.7523.6627.1731.436岁7214.7416.5618.7121.2624.3228.0332.57 7515.0116.9019.1421.8225.0629.0133.89 7815.3017.2719.6222.4525.8930.1335.41 8115.6617.7320.2223.2426.9531.5637.39 表4  7岁以下女童体重标准值（kg） 年龄月龄-3SD-2SD-1SD中位数+1SD+2SD+3SD出生02

17、.262.542.853.213.634.104.65 12.983.333.744.204.745.356.05 23.724.154.655.215.866.607.46 34.404.905.476.136.877.738.71 44.935.486.116.837.658.599.66 55.335.926.597.368.239.2310.38 65.646.266.967.778.689.7310.93 75.906.557.288.119.0610.1511.40 86.136.797.558.419

18、.3910.5111.80 96.347.037.818.699.7010.8612.18 106.537.238.038.949.9811.1612.52 116.717.438.259.1810.2411.4612.851岁126.877.618.459.4010.4811.7313.15 157.348.129.0110.0211.1812.5014.02 187.798.639.5710.6511.8813.2914.90 218.269.1510.1511.3012.6114.1215.852岁248.709.6410.70

19、11.9213.3114.9216.77 279.1010.0911.2112.5013.9715.6717.63 309.4810.5211.7013.0514.6016.3918.47 339.8610.9412.1813.5915.2217.1119.293岁3610.2311.3612.6514.1315.8317.8120.10 3910.6011.7713.1114.6516.4318.5020.90 4210.9512.1613.5515.1617.0119.1721.69 4511.2912.5514.0015.671

20、7.6019.8522.494岁4811.6212.9314.4416.1718.1920.5423.30 5111.9613.3214.8816.6918.7921.2524.14 5412.3013.7115.3317.2219.4222.0025.04 5712.6214.0815.7817.7520.0522.7525.965岁6012.9314.4416.2018.2620.6623.5026.87 6313.2314.8016.6418.7821.3024.2827.84 6613.5415.1817.0919.3321.9825.

21、1228.89 6913.8415.5417.5319.8822.6525.9629.956岁7214.1115.8717.9420.3723.2726.7430.94 7514.3816.2118.3520.8923.9227.5732.00 7814.6616.5518.7821.4424.6128.4633.14 8114.9616.9219.2522.0325.3729.4234.40 表5  7岁以下男童头围标准值（cm）年龄月龄-3SD-2SD-1SD中位数+1SD+2SD+3SD出生030.932.133.33

22、4.535.736.837.9 133.334.535.736.938.239.440.7 235.236.437.638.940.241.542.9 336.737.939.240.541.843.244.6 438.039.240.441.743.144.545.9 539.040.241.542.744.145.546.9 639.841.042.343.644.946.347.7 740.441.742.944.245.546.948.4 841.042.243.544.846.147.548.9 

23、;941.542.744.045.346.648.049.4 1041.943.144.445.747.048.449.8 1142.343.544.846.147.448.850.21岁1242.643.845.146.447.749.150.5 1543.244.545.747.048.449.751.1 1843.745.046.347.648.950.251.6 2144.245.546.748.049.450.752.12岁2444.645.947.148.449.851.152.5 2745.046.247.548.850

24、.151.452.8 3045.346.547.849.150.451.753.1 3345.546.848.049.350.652.053.33岁3645.747.048.349.650.952.253.5 4246.247.448.749.951.352.653.9 4岁4846.547.849.050.351.652.954.2 5446.948.149.450.651.953.254.65岁6047.248.449.751.052.253.654.9 6647.548.750.051.352.553.855.26岁7247.849.050.251.552.854.155.4表6  7岁以下女童头围标准值（cm）年龄月龄-3SD-2SD-1SD中位数+1SD+2SD+3SD出生030.431.632.834.035.236.437.5 132.633.835.036.237.438.639.9 234.535.636.838.039.340.541.8 336.037.138.339.