介词初中考点梳理

1、介词初中考点梳理介词在英文中是一种虚词。介词不能单独使用，一般也无句子重音。常常放 在名词或代词之前，与之一起构成介词短语，共同充当句子成分。很多介词从词 义上往往看不出是介词。如：against的意思是“反对”，在汉语里是动词，在 英语里却是介词。(一)表示时间的介词：1. at, in ，on(1) at表示“在某一时刻、某一时点”(2) in表示“在某月、季节、年、世纪”以及泛指的上、下午、晚上。in Sep tember in win ter in 1999 in the 20th cen turyin the morni ng/afterno on/eve ning。泛指上、下午、晚

2、上、夜;但若指具体某一天的on。(3) on表示“在具体某一天或某天的上、下午” 间时用 in the morning/afternoon/evening, at night 上述时段时，则一律用on Mon day on April 1stOn the afternoon of May 23.2. from, since, for(1) from 表示“等时间的起点”。周一至周五你什幺时间来都You can e any time from Mon day to Friday.行。The exam will start from 9:00am.考试将从上午九点开始。他自从1973年就离开了家乡

3、。 我们十年前就认识了。for与时间段连用，而since与时间点since 表示“自从以来(直到现在)”He has bee n away from home since 1973.We have known each other since ten years ago.(3) for与since表示一段时间，但连用。for two hours since last week3. after, in, withinbefore的反义词。晚餐后我们将举办晚会。(1) after表示“在之后”，是we ll hold a party after dinner.他患了癌症，一年后去世了He got

4、a can cer and died after a year.within “在时间之内”I can finish it within an hour.我不需一小时就可把它做完。(3) in后面接过去的时间点表过去，若后面接一段时间，则表示“在时间之后”I was born in 1983.我出生于 1983 年。我爸爸将会在3天后回来。My father will e back in three days.(二)表示“地点、方向”的介词：1. In, outside between, among(1) in 表示“在里面”，如：What' s in the box?盒子里是什么？S

5、he put her book in the desk. 她把书放进了书桌。outside 指“在外面”There are many people outside the room.房间外有很多人。What did your see outside the hall?你在大厅外看见了什么?(3) between 在之间(指二者)There is a hos pital betwee n the hotel and the post office.与邮局之间有所医院。The build ing sta nds betwee n the park and the small river.位在宾馆那

6、栋建筑于公园和小河之间。among在之间(指三者以上)“There is a thief among you. ” The policeman shouted to the crowd. 警察向人群喊道：“你们中间有个小偷！他在人群中找到了他的位置。He found his p lace among the crowd.2. on, above, over, below, under(1) on在上面，表面相互接触。There is an apple on the table.桌上有一个苹果。On the top of the hill, there is a flag.山顶有一面旗子。abo

7、ve只表示“在上方或位置高出”，与 below相对。A plane flew above our heads.一架飞机从我们头上飞过。The Turners live above us.特纳一家人住在我们的上面。over “在正上方”，与under相对。There is a bridge over the river.河上有一座桥。The picture is hanging over the blackboard.那张图挂在黑板的正上方。窗下有很多花。她的裙子刚到膝盖下。below 在下方，低于There are many flowers below the win dow.Her skir

8、t reaches just below her kn ees.他们坐在一棵大树下喝酒。你外套里面穿了什么？(5) under 在正下方They sat un der a big tree, drinking.What are you weari ng un der your coat?3. near, by, beside在火车站附近建了一所(1) near在附近，与far相对A hos pital was built n ear the railway stati on.医院。My home is near he school.我的家离学校很近。(2) by = beside,靠近，在旁边

9、，比 near距离更近He just sat by/ beside me in the cin ema.在电影院他就坐在我旁边。He lay dow n beside the statuary. 他在雕像旁躺下了。4. in front of, in the front of , behind, around表示“在前部”，指(1) in front of 在前面，in the front of房子前有一条河他们在门前放了一里面。A river flows in front of the house.They put a bunch of flowers in front of the doo

10、r.束花。There is a red chair in the front of the room.在房间前半部有把红椅子。(2) beh ind 在后面A high build ing sta nds beh ind the village.村子后面有一高层建筑。The cat lies behi nd the door.猫躺在门后面。(3) around在周围，围绕There are many trees around the village.村子周围有很多树围绕。There are flowers around the stage.舞台周围摆着鲜花。5. along, across,

11、through(1) alo ng 沿着He likes to drive along the river.There are all kinds of beautiful flowers along the road street.街有着各种美丽的花。(2) across 横穿The little girl is afraid to go across the street.穿马路。It ' s dangerous to run across the busy road. 很危险的。(3) through 穿过It took us ten minu tes to drive thro

12、ugh the tunn el. 道花了我们10分钟时间。He p ushed his way through the crowd to the p latform.到了站台。他喜欢沿着河开车。这个小女孩不敢横跑着穿越繁忙的马路是开车穿过这条隧他从人群里挤6. at, in二者都表示“在某个地方”，但at多指较小的地方，如车站、家等，而in 多指在“大地方”，如城市、国家、大洲等。He lives at Zhon gsha n street in Nanjing.The plane will arrive in Beiji ng at 13:00.三、其它用途的介词：1 .表示“标准或单位”的

13、介词：at, for, by(1) at表示“以速度”“以价格”He drove at a sp eed of 80 miles an hour.I sold my car at a high p rice.2.表示“材料”的介词：of, from(1) of表示从成品仍可看出原料。This box is made of paper.这个盒子是纸做的。This salad is made of app les and strwberres.莓做的。(2) from 表示从成品已看不出原料。Bread is made from wheat.面包是小麦做的。(但大小有时也是相对的)。他住在南京市中

14、山路27号。 飞机将于13点到达北京。他以每小时8英里的速度行驶。我以高价出售了我的汽车。这种沙拉是由苹果和草The lifeboat is made from some sp ecial material.种特殊材料制成的。3.表示“工具或手段”的介词：by, with, on(1) by凭借“工具或手段(多用于交通工具)如:这个救生艇是由某他通常骑车去上班。他通过电子邮件发给了我这一消息。by bus乘公共汽车，by plane乘飞机 He usually goes to work by bike.He sent the n ews to me by e-mail.(2) with 用工具

15、他用石头把玻璃打碎了。他用右脚把球停住。He broke the wi ndow with a stone.He stopped the ball with his right foot.（3）on以方式。多用于固定词组。They talked on the tele phone.他们通过进行交谈。She learns English on the radio/on TV.她通过收音机 / 电视学英语。4. besides, except 者E表示“除了”。besides 的用法就等于 as well as 。He is interested in tennis besides（as well as ） football.除了足球，他还对球感兴趣。（1） besides是包括后面所提人或物在内的“除了”，可以理解为“除之 外还、除之外又”，表示两部分的相似性。Twe nty-five stude nts went to the cin ema besides him.除他以外，还有25个学生去看了电影。（他和另外