8Bunit1知识梳理

1、 牛津译林8B Unit1一、同步知识梳理知识点1：past and present(P6)（1） past n. 过去，以前；in the past 在过去adj. 过去的，以前的；in the past few years 在过去的几年里prep. 经过 walk past the post office走过邮局【例句】In the past, there was no underground in Nanjing. Lets not make the past mistakes. When I walk past the post office, I see a bird flying

2、over the tree.（2）presentadj.现在的; 目前的; 出席的n.现在; 礼物; at present 现在 ； a present for you=a gift for you给你的礼物vt.介绍; 出现; 提出; 赠送; 【例句】Everyone can be presented a present at present.知识点2：Youve changed, Eddie. You used to share food with me.(P6) 你变了。你以前跟我分享食物的。（1） change: vt./vi. 改变，变更; change into变成 n.变化，改变

3、; change(s) to .的变化【例句】Great changes to Nanjing have taken place.（2）use n.用途; 使用能力; 运用头脑（或身体）的能力; vt.用，使用; 行使，【常用短语】used to (do sth.) “过去常常(做某事)”批注： 否定形式：didnt use to / usednt to get/be used to(doing sth. )“习惯于(做某事)【例句】He used to go fishing every Saturday. But since he changed his job, hes bare

4、ly(几乎不) had a chance. He thinks hell never be used to this busy lifestyle.【拓展】useful adj. 有用的；useless adj. 无用的知识点3：I first lived in the northern part of the town with my parents.(P8)北南西东东南东北西南西北adj.northern southernwesterneasternsoutheasternnorthwesternnorthwesternnorthwesternn .northsouthwesteastso

5、utheastnorthwestnorthwestnorthwest【例句】Beijing is in the northern part of China.批注：注意in the north与 in the northern part of 的同义句转换。例如：Beijing is in the north of China.=Beijing is in the northern part of China.知识点4：When I got married in 1965, my wife and I moved two blocks away and weve lived in this a

6、rea since then.(P8)当我1965结婚的时候，我的妻子和我搬到了两个街区之外，从那之后我一直住在那个地方。（1）marry: vt.& vi.（使）结婚; 娶; 嫁; 结合; marry sb 与某人结婚 marry A to B 把A嫁给B adj. married 已婚的; 短语：A and B get married /A get(s) married to B n marriage 婚姻 【例句】Some young couples got married on that day.（2）move: vt.& vi.移动，搬动; 使感动【常用短语】move

7、 away 搬走 move into 搬进 move out of 搬出.【例句】Every year millions of people moved into the city while millions of people moved away.知识点5： Now the government has turned part of the town centre into a new park.(P8)turn into 进入，拐进；（使）成为，（使）进入 turn. into把.变成【例句】I saw him turn into the library. How can you tu

8、rn a bottle of water into a bottle of orange juice?【常用短语】turn on开 turn off 关 turn up 调高；开大(音量、煤气等) turn down 调低；关小(音量、煤气、灯火等) turn over把翻过来 turn back 往回走turn left 向左转 turn right 向右转 知识点6：There was once a steel factory near the Sunshine River.(P9) 阳光河附近曾经有一个钢铁厂。once: adv.曾经 =used to 【例句】There was onc

9、e a shopping centre here.=There used to be a shopping centre here. n.一次，一回; = one time 【例句】I am used to doing exercise once a week.知识点7：They often put the waste into the river.(P9)他们经常把垃圾放到河里。短语：put sth into 把放进，使进入【例句】Please put the food into the fridge.【常用短语】put away 拿走，储存备用 put back放回；向后移put down

10、写下；记下 put on 穿上put off 延期；推迟 put out 熄灭；关熄；扑灭put up 举起；抬起；张贴知识点8：Later the government realized the problem and took action to improve the situation.(P9)后来政府意识到这个问题并采取行动去改善这种情况。（1）realize v. 意识到；实现=come true【例句】My dream comes true.=I realize my dream.（2） improve v 提高；改善；改进 n. improvement 提高，改进；【常用短语】

11、improve living standard提高生活水平; improve your English;改善你的英语；【例句】Do you know how to improve your memory?知识点9: Now the river is much cleaner. (P9)现在河流干净了很多。此处的much 用于修饰形容词比较级。类似的用法还有：much; still; even; far; a little; a bit; a lot; 【例句】-How do you feel today? -Even worse.知识点10: Well, in some ways it is.

12、(P9)好的，在某种程度上它是。短语in some ways 在某些方面，在某种程度上【例句】In some ways, I do agree with you.【拓展】1. in many ways 在许多方面；用许多方法； in this way用这种方法； 2. on ones way to表示“在某人去的路上”；(home/here/there这几个词前不需要加to)3. by the way表示“顺便说/问一句”； 4. all the way表示“全程；一直”；5. in a way在某一点上,在某种程度上6. in the way 挡道 in the way of sb挡在某人路

13、上知识点11:It has become impossible for us to see each other as often as before.(P9)对我们来说像以前一样的经常见面已经变得不可能了。（1）此处的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式 to see each other.常用句型：It is +adj+ for sb to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是怎样的。【例句】It is dangerous for us to go out alone at night. （2）as often as before 像以前一样的经常 as . as 像一样。知识点12:N

14、ow I feel a bit lonely from time to time. (P9)现在我经常会感到有点孤单。（1）lonely: adj.孤独的，孤单的; 寂寞的; 荒凉的【常用短语】feel lonely【词汇拓展】alone adv. 单独,独自=by oneself=on ones own【例句】1.Our teacher asks us to finish the task alone.=Our teacher asks us to finish the task by ourselves. =Our teacher asks us to finish the task on

15、 our own. 2. My grandma lives alone, so she feels lonely sometimes.（2）time: n 时间; 次数;时代(常用复数)【常用短语】at the same time 同时 in time及时；适时 on time 按时，准时；按时all the time 始终，一直 at a time 一次；每次；在某时from time to time 不时，有时 for the first time 首次；第一次知识点13:I have learned more about Beijings past and present.（P14）我对

16、北京的现在和过去了解的更多了。Beijings past and present=the past and present of Beijing一般s形式的所有格表示有生命的所有关系。一些无生命的名词，如：时间，国家、城市等地点以及价格、重量、距离等名词也可以在词尾加s来构成所有格。 a seven days holiday 一个七天的假期 Londons weather 伦敦的天气 ten dollars sugar 十美元的糖 of 所有格由“of + 名词或名词短语”构成，修饰前面的名词，表示无生命的名词的所有格。如a map of China 一张中国地图有些名词既可以用s所有格，也可

17、以用of所有格，两者可互换。the son of our teacher = our teachers son 我们老师的儿子二、同步例题分析例1：-What are they doing at_ (现在)? -They are interviewing Mr. Green答案：present;例2：My cousin is used to _(study) with his new friends in Australia.解析：该题考查的是be used to doing表达习惯的用法。答案：studying；例3：Guangzhou is in the _(south) part of

18、China.解析：该题考查的是south的形容词形式：southern. 答案：southern；例4：Though he lives alone, he has a lot of friends and doesnt feel _(孤独的). 解析：该题考查的是lonely与alone的区别。答案：lonely;例5：He didnt _(意识到)he took the wrong bus until the bus came to the last stop.解析：单词realize拼写。本句是一般过去时，didnt后面用动词原形。答案：realize;例6：我们应该做一些什么来改善这种情

19、况。(翻译句子) We should do something to _ _ _ .答案：improve the situation;例7：Mary married Simon in 1999.(改为同义句) Mary and Simon _ _ in 1999.解析:A marry B =A and B get married,句中是过去时所以用got.答案：got married;例8：I miss my old friend sometimes.(改为同义句) I miss my old friend _ _ _ _.解析：sometimes=from time to time=at t

20、imes.答案：from time to time;例9：People wear different types of clothes at different _(time)(用所给词的适当形式填空)解析：times表示时代，at different times在不同的时代。答案：times;例10：-What do you think of Mr. Greens words? -well,_, I agree with him. A. by the way B. on the way C. in some ways D. in the way答案：C;解析： by the way顺便说/问

21、一句;in the way 挡道;on the way 在路上；in some ways 从某种程度上。三、课堂达标检测检测题1：词汇1. Sandy has a lot of friends, so she never feels _(寂寞).2. That reporter had an _(采访) with Jay Chou last week.3. Years ago, the government _(意识到) it was a serious problem and took action to reduce the pollution.4. Kitty got _(结婚) las

22、t year. Her husband is a computer programmer.5. Many places are _(污染) all over the world, so we have to do something to help the earth.6. We all hope we should have more _(开阔的) space in the city.7.The environment has (改变) a lot.答案：1. lonely 2. interview 3. realized 4. married 5. polluted 6. open 7.c

23、hanged 检测题2：单项选择( )1.We invite experts to give us talks . A.from a day and night B.from time to time C.from past to now D.from one to another( )2.The child has come to school by bike his own. A.in B.by C.on D.of() 3. The place has turned _ a garden already. A. in B. into C. to D. for( ) 4. He used t

24、o _ model planes after school. Now he often plays football with his friends. A. make B. making C. be made D. being made( )5. The old man lives _ in a _ house, but he doesnt feel _. A. alone; alone; lonely B. lonely; lonely; alone C. alone; lonely; lonely D. alone; lonely; alone答案：BCBAC检测题3：1.政府已经把这个

25、地方变成了一个公园。The already the place a park.2.我不时地感到寂寞。 I time time.3.工厂以前经常把它的废物倒进河里。The factory to into the river.4.我们必须采取行动来改善这种状况。 We must to the .5.他不像以前那样经常见老朋友。 He cant see his old friends . 答案：1.government has turner into; 2.feel lonely from; to; 3. used; put waste ; 4.take action improve situati

26、on; 5.as often as before;二、专题精讲 知识点2： Present perfect tense (现在完成时)项目内容备注概念表示一个过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果和影响。 Eddie has eaten my food. (Eddie ate the food and now Hobo has nothing to eat.)表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在，并有可能继续延续下去的动作或状态。Eddie has lived with Mille since he was born.Eddie has lived with Mille for four years

27、. 构成助动词has/have +动词的过去分词 动词过去分词规则变化跟对应的过去式一样，在后面加ed.特殊变化详见书本。（P122-123）肯定形式They have finished their homework.He has finished his homework.缩略形式：they have=theyve;he has=hes否定形式They havent finished their homework.He hasnt finished his homework. 疑问形式Have they finished their homework?Yes, they have. / No

28、, they havent. 关键词already(用于肯定句), yet(用于否定句和疑问句), since+一点时间, for+一段时间, never, ever, three times(其它表示频率的词, once, twice等)before, recently, in the past/last few years, so far, this month, today, now 表示过去某一个动作的结果，现在情况依然存在。这时一般不用时间状语。I have lost my pen.包括现在时间在内的时间状语如today, this month, this week等有时也用现在完成

29、时。 例1：( ) -Do you know the moving story of Jack and Rose? (2012淮安) -Of course. I _the film Titanic several times. A. see B. saw C. have seen D. had seen 解析：该题考查的是现在完成时。因有several times。答案C。例2：( ) Your English is good. (2012宿迁) Thank you. I _ it for three years.A. learn B. learned C. have learned D. h

30、ad learned解析：该题考查的是标志性词for与现在完成时。答案C。例3：( ) John, you _ the computer game for two hours. Its bad for your eyes. Stop, please! OK, Mum. A. played B. have played C. were playing D. play 解析：该题考查的是现在完成时用法。 句中有for ten hours 所以用have+done.答案:选B知识点2：already与yet用法区别already 用于肯定句，一般放在助动词与过去分词之间。yet用于否定句和疑问句，一

31、般至于句末。例1：I have already worked out this math problem? (改为否定句) I worked out the math problem . 解析：already与yet的转换.答案是 have not; yet 知识点3：since 和for用法区别(1)since的用法since 后面加点时间，如since nearly three years ago或since2008. since引导时间状语从句时，后面的时间状语从句动词用一般过去时.(2) for的用法：for后加一段时间。since/for 可以通过ago进行同义句转换。例：They

32、have worked in the factory since ten months ago.= They have worked in the factory for ten yearsWe have learned English for nearly three years. =We have learned English since three years ago.例1： I havent seen you _ last Friday. A. forB. since C. fromD. on解析：后面的last Friday 是具体时间点，所以应该用since,选B这里需要提醒学生

33、虽然此题后面的last是一般过去时的时间标志，但是跟since连用之后要用现在完成时。例2：( ) Mr. White came to our school in 2008, and since then he _ us English. (2011盐城)A. teachesB. taughtC. has taughtD. will teach解析：该题考查的是现在完成时标志性词since，since then自那以后，缩略形式的时间状语从句，后面是主句，主句用现在完成时.答案C。二、专题过关检测题（一）：用所给此词的适当形式填空。1. It （rain）for a week.2. I dont know this woman. I （ never，meet）her.3.Lets go to the cinema.No, I （see, a