高中英语 介词专题1教案(学生用)

1、学大教育个性化教案高中英语 介词专题1教案适用学科英语适用年级高二教师姓名适用区域珠海课时时长2小时学生姓名知识点考点关注：1. 易混介词的辨析2. 固定的介词短语与短语介词3. 介词 与名词、动词、形容词等的搭配4. “介词加+关系代词”在定语从句中的运用5. 分词形式的介词教学目标使学生掌握介词的用法教学重点掌握简单介词、符合介词、双重介词、短语介词和分词介词的基本用法。教学难点熟练使用介词。教学过程一、复习预习介词概述 介词又称前置词，一般放在名词的前面。介词属于虚词，不能独自作为句子成分，必须与名词或代词等词类一起构成介词短语，才可以充当句子成分。二、知识讲解与例题精析高中英

2、语介词专题（以字母为序）注：为拓宽同学们的知识面，同时列举出介词作为副词的用法及短语。一、about【释义】1. 关于;对于 My mother often spoke to me about you. 家母常和我谈起你。 2. 在.的附近;在.的周围She sat up and looked about her. 她坐了起来,环顾四周。 3. 在.的身边I had no money about me. 我身边没有带钱。 4. 大约在.时候 It happened about 5 o'clock in the morning. 这事发生在早晨约莫五点钟的时候。 5. 从事于What t

3、he hell are you about? 你到底在做什么? 6. 在.身上;在.的性格中What I like about him is his sense of humor. 【短语】 arrange about安排 argue about辩论 ask about询问come about 发生bring about带来 care about在意;关心;担心go about着手;到处走动set about 开始做某事;攻击某人inquire about打听 see about负责;处理worry about着急;担心be about to-when-正要-在那时【高考链接】(2006辽宁卷

4、) People have always been curious _ how living things on the earth exactly began.A. in B. at C. of D. about(2006湖南卷) It's already 10 o'clock I wonder how it _ that she was two hours late on such a short trip. A. came over B. came out C. came about D. came up(2006浙江卷)Were trying to ring you b

5、ack, Bryan, but we think we _ your number incorrectly.A. looked upB. took down C. worked outD. brought about(2009陕西卷) Gun control is a subject Americans have argued for a long time. A. of which B. with which C about which D. into which 二、across【释义】1. 横越,穿过 We walked across the street. 我们穿过马路。 2. 在.那

6、边 He stared at the Englishman across the table. 他两眼一直盯着坐在桌子对面的那个英国人。 3. 与.相交叉 The two lines cut across each other. 两条线相互交叉。 【短语】get across (将)清楚;(使)被了解;克服;达成;说明cut across 抄近路穿过，对直通过;走捷径，抄近路go across 穿过,渡过;不顺利come across 偶遇;无意中发现;讲得清楚明白;口给人印象run across 穿越,横穿;偶然碰到across from在对面across measure横量;横度acros

7、s the world全世界;世界各地;整个世界【高考链接】(2008江苏卷) We went right round to the west coast by _ sea instead of driving across _ continent.A. the; theB.不填;theC. the; 不填D. 不填;不填(2009江苏卷) Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the numb

8、er hired last year, reduce unemployment pressures. A. help B. to have helped C. to help D. having helped 三、against【释义】1. 反对;违反The fight against inflation has been going on for almost two years. 抑制通货膨胀的战斗已展开近两年了。 2. 逆;对着 They sounded a sharp warning against all these tendencies. 对于这种种倾向,他们发出了严厉的警告。 3

9、. 倚;靠 His desk is against the wall. 他的办公桌靠墙放着。 4. 以.为背景 The little red house looks so beautiful against the green woods. 那座红色的小屋在翠绿的森林衬托下显得很美。 5. 防备;预防 We bought some warm clothes against the coming winter. 我们添置了一些御寒的衣服以迎接即将来临的冬季。 6. 不利于 She has said nothing against you. 【短语】turn against 背叛 defend a

10、gainst防卫.以免于.【高考链接】(2010天津卷) My father warned me _ going to the West Coast because it was crowed with tourists.A. by B. on C. for D. against(2010四川卷) Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back a big tree.A. in B. below C. beside D. against四、as【释义】as的介词意思为“作为”时常用搭配有： (1) act/work/serve as充当 /担任 (2) tre

11、at/regard/consider/think of/look upon/refer toas把看成 (3) be known/famous as作为而闻名 【高考链接】(2004广东卷) I feel that one of my main duties_ a teacher is to help the students to become better learners. A. for B. by C. as D. with (2008全国卷I) Lets learn to use the problem we are facing _ a stepping-stone to futu

12、re success.A. to B. for C. as D. by1. as用于倍数表达法： A)倍数+asas 是几倍 B)倍数+the (size/length/width/height) of 体积（长、宽、高）是的几倍 【高考链接】 (2005湖北卷) What a table! Ive never seen such a thing before. It is_it is long. A. half not as wide as B. wide not as half as C. not half as wide as D. as wide as not half (2005上海

13、卷) At a rough estimate, Nigeria is _Great Britain. A. three times the size as B. the size three times of C. three times as the size of D. three times the size of 2.as 用于比较级表达法： A) as+形容词/副词+.as 和一样 B) not so/as+形容词/副词+as不如 【高考链接】 ( 2005湖南卷)The more I think about him, the more reasons I find for lovi

14、ng him _ I did A. as much as B. as long as C. as soon as D. as far as 解析：as much as I did ：跟我以前做过的事那样多，在这里表示爱他跟以前自己做过的事那样多，意译就是：尽可能多的爱他。整句句意是：我想他想得越多，就越能找到更多尽可能多的爱他的理由。 (2003北京卷) Our neighbor has_ ours. A. as a big house as B. as big a house as C. the same big house as D. a house the same big as 3.a

15、s 用于“as+形容词/副词+as”表程度。意为：长(高，宽，厚，重等)达 【高考链接】 (2003上海春) After supper she would sit by the fire sometimes for _an hour, thinking of her young and happy days. A. as long as B. as soon as C. as much as D. as many as (2005安徽) John is the tallest boy in the class, _according to himself. A. five foot eight

16、 as tall as B. as tall as five foot eight C. as five foot eight tall as D. as tall five foot right as 4.as引导非限定性定语从句的用法。意为:“正如;就象”。 注意：:as和which 引导非限定性定语从句的区别：1.as位置比较灵活，可以放在句中，句首，句尾。2.which不可以放在句首位置。 【高考链接】 (2005浙江卷) _I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting. A.

17、 When B .After C. As D. Since (04江苏卷）_is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. A. Which B. When C. What D. As 5.as 用于引导让步状语从句用倒装句 其结构为：形容词/副词/名词/动词原型+as (though)+其它。注意：当表语为名词时，则名词前不加任何冠词。 【高考链接】 (2005重庆) _, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. A.A quiet student as

18、 he may be B. Quiet student as he may be C. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be a student (2005广东卷）_,Carolina couldnt get the door open. A. Might she as try B. As she might try C. She might as try D. Try as she might 6.as/so long as表示：“只要” 【高考链接】 (2003北京) _I know the money is safe, I

19、ll not worry about it. A. As long as B. As far as C. As well as D. As often as 7.as的连词用法。“当时候”“随着”“一边一边” 【高考链接】(NMET1994) Mother was worried because little Alice was ill especially _Father was away in France. A. as B. that C. during D. if (1990全国高考) _the day went on, the weather got worse. A. With B

20、. Since C. While D. As 8. as far as表示：“据”“就”否定句用so far as 注意：(1)as far as I know据我所知 (2)as far as I can judge 据我判断 (3)as far as Im concerned就我而言，以我来说。【典例】 (2004北京春季) _I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger. A. As long as B .As far as C. Just as D. Even if 9. as a resu

21、lt/consequence 因而 【高考链接】(2005江西卷) My friend Martin was very sick with a strange fever;_, he could neither eat nor sleep. A. as a result B. after all C. any way D. otherwise 10. so as to 引导目的状语(不可置于句首) 【高考链接】 (2005辽宁卷) All these gifts must be mailed immediately _in time for Christmas. A. in order to

22、have received B. in order to receive C. so as to be received D. so as to be receiving 11. as 引导限制性定语从句,用于such/so/the same /as as中，其特点是“先行词”前有such/so/the same/as修饰。as可充当主语、宾语。【题目链接】 (2005福建毕业班综合测试25) A computer is so useful a machine _we can use everywhere. A. that B. which C. as D. what (2004福州高三质检3

23、1题) The man showed us so heavy a stone_ no one can lift. A. that B. as C. which D. and (2005陕西宝鸡模拟12) He is such a lazy man _nobody wants to work with_ A. as; him B. that; 不填 C. as;不填 D. whom ;him 12.as 表达“也一样”此用法类似于so的用法。 (1)She is unusually tall, as are both her parents.她特别高，她父母也都那么高。 (2) He has a

24、 computer, as do I.他有一台电脑，我也有。 13. not so muchas不是而是 【高考链接】 (成人高招1994) The great use of the school is not so much to teach you things _to teach the art of learning. A. as B. than C. rather than D. nor 14. such as to 是（这样）以至于 The pain in her foot wasnt such as to stop her walking. 他脚疼，但不至于不能走路 His il

25、lness is such as to cause him to stop school. 15. as it is事实上，实际上，照原样，照现状看。 Leave it as it is. 保持原样。 【短语】1. as with 正如遇到的情况一样。 As with young birds ,the time come for young people to leave their home. 正如小鸟遇到的情况一样，年轻人离开家的时间到了。 (2004湖北八校联考27) _running, learning English needs will. A. as with B. as to C

26、. as for D. as if 2. as well as=besides 1).除之外 2). 和 3. as if=as though仿佛;好像 4. as a matter of fact事实上;其实5. as a result结果;终于;因此 She studied hard. As a result, she made fast progress in the studies.她学习用功。因此她在学习方面进步很快。6. as a result(或consequence)of- 作为结果,由于结果As a result of its rise in temperature the

27、gas expands.由于温度上升,气体就膨胀。7. as a rule作为一个常规;通常;习以为常As a rule, we keep records on all the experiments so that we may have enough data.我们通常总是对所有的实验都作记录,以便得到足够的资料。8. as a whole作为一个整体(来看)We should analyze the problem as a whole.我们应该把这个问题作为一个整体来分析。9. as above如上 It has been explained as above. 这件事已在上面解释过了

28、。10. as follows如下 The text reads as follows. 原文如下。五、at 【释义】1. 在.时刻 Jane will meet her boy friend at Christmas. 简将在圣诞节和她男友见面。 2. 向;朝;对着 Don't shout at me. 别对我叫喊。 3. 在.方面 He is an expert at troubleshooting. 他是位排解争端的能手。 4. 因为;由于 I woke at the sound of the bell. 随着铃响,我醒了。 5. 从事于;忙于He is working hard

29、 at this thesis. 他正在努力地撰写论文。 6. 以(某种价格、速度等) They sold the cloth at a dollar a yard. 他们以每码一元的价格出售这种布。 【短语】1. stare at盯着看 Crusoe stared at the footprint，full of fear. 克鲁索盯着脚印看，满心恐惧。 2. glare at怒目注视 The father glared at the naughty boy. 父亲怒视着那个淘气的男孩。 3. jump at跳向;欣然接受 Don't jump at a conclusion. 切勿

30、轻断。Everybody jumped at the offer. 每个人都欣然接受了这一提议。 4. guess at猜，以为 I can't even guess at what you mean. 我猜不着（推测不出）你的意思。 5. be surprised at对感到惊奇 We were surprised at the beautiful girl's rudeness. 我们对那位漂亮姑娘的粗鲁而感到惊奇。 6. grab at抓住不放 7. gaze at注视，凝视 What are you gazing at？你在注视什么？ 8. glance at看一下，看

31、一眼 Would you like to glance at the clock？请看一下几点钟了好吗？ 9. work hard at努力学习 He is working hard at Russian. 他在用功读俄文。 10. be good at善于 My father is best at drawing. 我父亲最擅长于画画。 11. arrive at到达 When did you arrive at the bus-stop？你何时到达汽车站的？ 12. sellbuy at以（的价格）卖出（买进） They sell their fridges at the lowest p

32、rice. 他们以最低价销售电冰箱。13. at war 在战争期间【高考链接】(2010天津卷)Mark _ have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. couldnt六、besides【释义】1.除之外(还有) He has another car besides this. 除了这辆车外，他还有一辆。Mary knows Japanese besides French. 除法语外，玛丽还懂日语。2.除之外(不再有)(用于否

33、定句) I care for nothing besides this. 除此之外，我什么也不要。【用法】其后除接名词或代词外，还可接动名词或名词性从句。Besides being a teacher, he was a poet. 除了是位教师外，他还是位诗人。Have you nothing to tell us besides what we have already heard? 除了我们已经得知的消息外，你难道没有什么可以告诉我们的吗?I know nothing besides what I have told you. 除了我已对你说的之外，其他的我别无所知。besides ad

34、v. 此外;而且=alsoI dont want to come out now, and besides, I must work. 我现在不想出去，而且我还得工作。The task is very difficult; besides, time presses. 任务艰巨，而且时间紧迫。【高考链接】(2007全国II卷) Some people choose jobs for other reasons _ money these days.A. for B. except C. besides D. with(2004全国I) I dont mind picking up your t

35、hings from the store. _, the walk will do me good. A. Sooner or later B. Still C. In time D. Besides(1981年高考)We need fifteen more people our team to do the job.A. but B. except C. as well D. besides(1989年高考) Does John know any other foreign language French?A. except B. but C. besides D. beside七、beyo

36、nd【释义】1. 在（或向）-较远的一边 The road continues beyond the village up into the hills.那条路经过村子后又往上延伸到群山中。2. 晚于;迟于 means later than a particular time It wont go on beyond midnight.这事不会延续到午夜以后。3. more than sth 超出;除-之外 Our success was beyond what we thought possible She got nothing beyond her state pension(政府养老金

37、)。4. 表示不可能 The bicycle was beyond repair (= is too badly damaged to repair)The situation is beyond our control.我们已无法控制这一局势。【高考链接】 (2008江苏卷 28)Why do you suggest we buy a new machine? Because the old one has been damaged_.A. beyond reach B. beyond repair C. beyond control D. beyond description5. 超出-之

38、外;非-力所能及The handle was just beyond my reach（差一点才能够着）【高考链接】 (2006福建卷) Sorry, Madam. Youd better come tomorrow because its _the visiting hours. A. during B. at C. beyond D. before 6. be beyond sb使人无法想象（或理解、做等） It's beyond me why she wants to marry Jeff.我无法理解她为什么想嫁给杰夫。【短语】1. beyond recognition 2. b

39、eyond belief 3. beyond compare4. beyond remedy（无法治疗） 5. beyond reproach（这个我不确定-） 6. beyond imagination (超乎想象）或者beyond sb.(对某人来说难以想象）【高考链接】(2006安徽卷) Its quite me why such things have been allowed to happen.A. for B. behind C. against D. beyond(2006江苏卷) This new model of car is so expensive that it is

40、 _the reach of those with average income. A. over B. within C. beyond D. below (2008陕西卷)Elizabeth has already achieved success her wildest dreams.A. at B. beyond C. within D. upon(2009全国I) Everybody was touched _ words after they heard her moving story. A. beyond B. without C. of D. in八、by【释义】1. 靠近;

41、在-旁边 The telephone is by the window.2. 通常置于表被动的动词后，表示使为者 Whos that book by? 谁是那本书的作者？3. 表示方式 I will contact you by letter.4. (置于不带the的名词前，表示原因)由于 They met by chance. 他们不期而遇。I did it by mistake. 我误做了这事。5. 不迟于;在-之前 Ill have it done by tomorrow. 我将于明天之前让人做完这件事。6. past sb/sth 经过 He walked by me without

42、speaking.7. 在-期间;处于某种状况to travel by day/ night 白天/ 夜间旅行 We had to work by candlelight. 我们不得不借助烛光工作。8. 表示程度、数量 The bullet missed him by two inches. 子弹只差两英寸就击中他了。 House prices went up by 10%.It would be better by far(=much better) to-那比-好得多9. =according to 从-看;依;按照 By my watch it is two oclock. 我的表是两点

43、钟。I could tell by the look on her face that something terrible had happened. 从她的脸色我可以看出，发生了可怕的事情。By law, you are a child until you are 18. 按照法律规定，18岁之前是未成年人。10. 表示触及或抓住的人或物的部分 I took him by the hand.11. 与the连用，表示时间或度量单位 We rented the car by the day. Theyre paid by the hour.12. 表示速率 Theyre improving

44、day by day. 他们在一天天地改进。 13. 补充有关出生地、职业等的信息 Hes German by birth. 他是德国血统。14. （起誓时用）以-的名义 I swear by Almighty God-我以全能上帝之名发誓-15. 表示尺寸时用 The room measures fifteen feet by twenty feet. 这个房间15英尺宽20英尺长。【短语】1. by far与比较级连用，通常要放在比较级之后，若放在比较级前，则比较级通常应带有冠词the。如：He is cleverer by far than her.It s by far the qui

45、cker to go by train.by far用于“ the +比较级+(名词)+(of)”句型之中 1997 The second part, and by far the harder of the two(2006江西卷) I don't think this film is by far the most boring. I have seen . A. better B. worse C. the best D. the worst2. come by经过;得到It was a hard job to come by. 3. by chance 碰巧【高考链接】(201

46、0江西卷) Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients_ name, not case number.A. of B. as C. by D. with(2008北京卷) If you really have to leave during the meeting, youd better leave _ the back door.A. for B. by C. across D. out(2008福建卷) A great man shows his greatness _ the way he treats little man.A. under B

47、. with C. on D. by(2007 安徽卷) Didn't you have a good time at the party? Of course I did. As a matter of fact, I had such fun that time seemed to _ so quickly. A. go by B. go away C. go out D. go over(1999年上海) The number of the employees has grown from l,000 to l,200. This means it has risen _ 20

48、percent.A. by B. at C. to D. with(1994年高考) We all write , even when there's not much to say. A. now and then B. by and by C. step by step D. more or less(1997全国卷)The train leaves at 6:00 pm. So I have to be at the station 5:40 pm at the latest.A. until B. after C. by D. around(1998全国卷)Cleaning w

49、omen in big cities usually get _by the hour.A. pay   B. paying C. paid D. to pay九、for【释义】1. 为;为了They fought for national independence. 他们为民族独立而战。 This letter is for you. 这是你的信。 2. 代替;代表 We used boxes for chairs. 我们用箱子当椅子坐。 3. 因为;由于I am sorry for what I said to you. 我后悔不该对你讲那些话。 4. 在(指定时间) The m

50、eeting is arranged for 9 o'clock. 会议安排在九点钟。 5. (表示时间、距离等)达,计 You can see for miles from the roof. 你站在屋顶上可以看到数英里之外。 6. 对于;关于;在.方面 I am too old for the job. 我年纪太大,做不了这工作。 7. 为得到;为赢得 He sent the waiter for a packet of cigarettes. 他让侍者去拿一盒香烟。 8. 以.为代价;以.交换 He sold his car for 500 dollars. 他以五百元把车卖了。 9. 当作;作为 Do you take me for a millionaire? 你是不是把我当百万富翁? 10. 赞成;支持;倾向于 Are you for the government or against it? 你是支持还是反对政府? 11. 朝.方向去;往;向 He left for Taipei. 他出发去台北。 12. 就.而言 She is sophisticate