大学英语语法之从句

1、名词性从句包括：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句.引导这些名词性从句的关联词包括：1附属连词that, if, whether；不做成分2连接代词 who, whoever, whom, whomever, which, whichever, what, whatever, whose；3连接副词 where, when, why, how.2, 3,充当一定的成分e.g. That Owen should have married his cousin is not at all surprising.The fact is that he didn't go to the

2、dinner party.I don ' t knowhe will attend the meeting.Have you heard the newshat Mary is going to marry Tom?你听说玛丽要和汤姆结婚的消息了吗？ that引导同位语从句1附属连词whether和if都作 是否解,但* if不可引导主语从句和表语从句.Whether可与ornot连用,而if不可以.例如：I don ' t know whether if she is at home.Whether she comes or not makes no difference.2

3、 that和what引导名词性从句的区别：that在从句中不充当成分,而 what在从 句中充当一定的成分,如主语、表语、宾语等.例如： He always means what he says.She suggested that he do it at once.定语从句1 .引导定语从句的关联词包括：(1)关系代词：that, which, whose, who, whom, as;(2)关系副词：when, where, why.充当成分关系代词that/which充当动词的宾语时,一般可省去.2 .关系代词的选用比拟复杂,它受以下条件的制约：(1)先行词是指人还是指物；(2)关系代词

4、在从句中的句法功能；(3)定语从句是限定性的还是非限定性的.3 .关系副词的选用相对来说较简单.如先行词为表示时间的名词,如 time, day等,那么用when,如先先词为表示地点的名词,如place, house, are筹,那么用where； 如先行词为reason,那么用why.例如：I ' ll never forget the mountain village where (in which) I spent my childhood.I don ' t know the reason why (for which) he did that.4 .领先行词是all,

5、 something, nothin筹不定代词时；或先行词前有first, last, only, few, much, some, any, no词修饰时；或先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时,一般 只用that而不用whic俅引导定语从句.例如：I ' ve explained everything (that) I can to you.This is the most beautiful campus (that) I' ve ever been to.5 .先行词也可以是整个句子.这时,一般用which或a冰引导定语从句. Which在从句中可充当主语、宾语等,asft从句

6、中一般只充当主语.whichtas引导此类定语从句的区别在于：which只能置于句中或句末,而as的位置比拟灵活,可 置于句中、句末,又可置于旬首.例如：Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen, which (as) is known to all.He was awarded a gold medal, which the whole family considered a great honor.As had been expected, he finished first in decathlon (+项全能)at that Olympic Games

7、.状语从句1)时间状语从句a. when, as, while引导时间状语从句时都可以表示主句的动作与从句的动作 同时发生,即同时性.它们的区别在于：when和as引导的状语从句中的动作中以是延续性的,也可以是非延续性的,即瞬时性；while引导的状语从句中的动作只能是 延续的动作或状态.当主句和从句中的动作均为延续性动作 时,一般用while,而不用whenEaso当表示两个同时开展、变化的情况下, 一般用as,作随着解.例如：When she comes, I shall tell her to wait for you.As she got older, she got wiser.Wh

8、ile Peter was reading, his wife was cooking.b.有些副词和一些表示时间的名词词组也可用作附属连词,引导时间状语从旬 o 如 instantly, immediately, directly, the day, every time, the minute, the second, the momer#.例如：Immediately he arrived, he started describing us what had happened.The day he returned home, his grandpa was already dead.2

9、)条件状语从句引导条件状语从句的附属连词有：if, unless, , only if (只要).例如：If you don ' t come on time, we ' ll start out without you.As (so) long asyou keep on trying, you ' ll certainly succeed.除了以上提到的附属连词外,还有其它的一些词或词组也可引导条件状语从旬.例如：providing that, provided, supposing that, suppose that, on condition that, in

10、 cas巡.例如：Provided (that) he wins the support of the minority groups, he will be able to winthe election.如果他赢得了多数团体的支持,他就能够取得胜利.3)原因状语从句引导原因状语从句的附属连词有：because, since, as, now(that), in that,considering tha侍.例如：Since the speaker can ' t come, we ' ll have to cancel the meeting.in that和now (tha

11、t)的用法：in that引导的从句对主句进行解释的说明,意思是：在方面,在于;由于.Now (that)表示既然.例如：Theory is valuable in that it can provide a direction for practice.Now (that) the weather has improved, let ' s go out for a picnic.4)让步状语从句弓I导让步状语从句的附属连词有：though, although, even if (even though), as, no matter despite the fact that, i

12、n spite of the fact that, while.例如：Tom always enjoys swimming, even though the weather is rough.一些疑问词在词尾加上eve后,也可引导让步状语从句相当于 no matter+疑问词.这些词包括：whatever, wherever, whenever, whoever, however 例如：Whatever he says, don ' t believe him.Whoever you are, you must obey the traffic regulations.5)目的状语从句

13、引导目的状语从句的附属连词有：so that, so as to do in order that , in order to dolest, in case, for fear thatSo that例如：? They climbed to the top of the building in order that they could get a bird -eye view of the city.? Ask her to hurry up with these letters so that I can sign them.? Take an umbrella in case it r

14、ains.so thatf口 in order that的区另U: so thalM常用,in order that更正式.so that 弓 I导的从句一般置于旬末,而in order that弓I导的从句既置于句首,又可置于旬末. 例如：In order that the grass and flowers could bloom again, it was necessary that the rocks should be removed.She got up early so that she could catch the first bus.6)结果状语从句结果状语从句一般由以下

15、连词引导：so that, so - that, such.例岫tHe overslept, (so) that he was late for work.They got such a fright that they dropped the bag and ran away.a. sotha侨口suchtha/勺区别.so后接形容词或副词,such/f接名词.例如：It was so cold that we had to cancel the game.It ' s such a good chance that we mustn ' t miss it.b. so th

16、at既可引导目的状语从句,也可引导结果状语从句 .so that引导目的 状语从句时,一般从句动词前会出现 can (could), may (might), shall (should), 而so that?1导的结果状语从句表示客观事实,不会出现上述词语.引导结果 状语从句的so tha前常有逗号,表示强调.so that引导的目的状语可置于句 首,而so tha引导的结果状语从句只能置于旬末.例如：He left early so that he could catch the train.例题1? Advertising is distinguished from other forms of communication the advertiser pays for the message to be delivered.A. in thatB.