专题1语法填空与短文改错第2节基础语法第10节构词法

1、第10节构词法牢固掌握并熟练运用构词法知识,不仅能够灵活运用到语法填空对于词性转换的考查当 中,还有助于提升考生对阅读中的生词进行辨识的水平.一、派生法1 .名词见第1节；形容词和副词见第 5节.2 .构成动词的前缀和后缀前/后缀例词前缀en-abl enable 使能够 largefenlarge 扩大 rich-enrich 使充实后缀-enbroadfbroaden 使变宽 ripe ripen 使成熟 shar尸sharpen使锋利 widefwiden 加宽-ifyclass一 classify 把分类just一justify 证实正确simple 一 simplify 简化-ize

2、apologyfapologize 抱歉3 .表示否认或相反意义的前缀、后缀及例词前/后缀例词前缀dis-agrees disagree 不同意advantagefdisadvantage 缺点il-legal fillegal 不合法的logicalfillogical 不合逻辑的im-polite 一impolite 无礼的patient -impatient 不耐烦的in-formal 一 informal 非正式的convenientf inconvenient 不方便的ir-regularfirregular 不规贝U的responsiblefirresponsible 不负责任的m

3、is-leadfmislead 误导understand misunderstand 误解non-non-smoker不吸烟者non-stop直达的un-usualfunusual 不寻常的willing 一 unwilling 小愿意的后缀-lesshopefhopeless 绝望的end endless没完没了的二、合成法和转化法1 .合成法合成词是由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词的构词方式有的合成词写在一起,有的中间需加连字符,有的是分开写的两个.合成词的词义可以根据各个组成局部的意思加以推断.构成合成词的几个词可以是词性相同的词也可以是词性不同的词.高中阶段常见的合成形式有：合成名词n

4、otebook 笔记本；classroom 教室；blackboard 黑板；teamwork 协作；second language第二语百合成形容词lifelong 毕生的；second-hand 二手的； man-made 人工的； widespread 广泛的合成动词underline 圆底线标出；whitewash 掩饰,把 刷白；broadcast 播送；download下载2 .转化法不增加任何成分,不改变词形,把一个单词由一种词性转化为另外一种词性的构词法叫转化法.常见的转化形式有：名词一动词button纽扣fbutton扣上纽扣形容词一动词correct正确的一 correct

5、改正动词一名词feed喂养一 feed 一餐；一顿形容词一名词native本地的一 native本地人副词一动词up在上面一 up提升1 .单句语法填空1. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to (strength) your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes.(2022 全国 I )答案 strengthen解析 此处表示做运动的目的,再根据后面的宾语“your leg muscles判断此处应该用及物动词 strength

6、erio2. Most pubs have no waitersyou have to go to the bar( 口巴台)to buy drinks.This may sound (convenient), but English people are used to doing so.答案 inconvenient解析 这里指的是没有效劳生为顾客效劳是不方便的,所以在系动词sound后,用convenient的反义词形式.3. Thirdly , there are some reference books with many mistakes , which might (lead)

7、students.答案 mislead解析 根据语境中的“with many mistakes可知,这些错误百出的参考书有可能误导学生,故用lead的反义词,且位于情态动词 might后,要用动词原形,故填 mislead.4. Not knowing how to operate the computer is one of the (advantage) in finding jobs. 答案 disadvantages解析根据语境“不知道如何操作电脑在找工作时是不利条件之一可知,此处应填disadvantages5. The rich man was (will) to offer an

8、y help , which greatly upset all the people present. 答案 unwilling解析 空格在be动词后,故用形容词形式.根据句意“这位富人不愿意提供任何帮助,这使在场的人非常失望.可判断填unwilling .n .语法填空(2022山东泰安(Wj二期末)An American girl 6.(bear) in China is helping promote ethnic(民族的)minority culture during her one-work rotating(轮流)duty as a “mayor" in a touri

9、st town in Southwest China' s Guizhou province.Accompanied by a splendid song played on lusheng,7. old Chinese musical instrument, American Jong May danced 8. (wonderful) with other members of the Miao people, a minority in China.The dance, called Jinji Dance , is a Chinese 9.(tradition) folk da

10、nce originating from Danzhai county in Guizhou , an autonomous region 10. the ethnic Miao and Dong people live.After the performance , the audience 11.(clap) heartily and members asked , one after another, “ Mayor , can I take a photo with you ?Jong May , who speaks fluent Mandarin , replied 12. Chi

11、nese, “Certainly!Jong May,23,13.(appoint) the 16th "mayor" of Wanda town in Danzhai county after winning a worldwide campaign to recruit( 招聘)on-duty “ mayors“ for the small town.14. (start) from June , each “mayor" should serve for a one-week term to spread local culture and support t

12、he town ' s 15.(develop).语篇解读从6月份开始,贵州省为局部旅游景点招聘“市长,以传播中国的传统文化.文章向我们介绍了一位生在中国的美国女孩竞聘此岗位后的工作情况.6 .答案 born解析 考查非谓语动词.提示词为动词,该句中已有谓语动词(is helping),所以用born,相当于 who was born.7 .答案 an解析 考查冠词.lusheng(芦笙)是中国的一种传统乐器(musical instrument),表泛指,要用不定冠词,且空后的01d为元音音素开关的单词,故用an.8 .答案 wonderfully解析考查副词.修饰谓语动词dance

13、d作状语,用副词形式.9 .答案 traditional解析考查形容词.修饰名词dance作定语,用形容词形式.句意为：这种舞蹈叫锦鸡舞,起源于贵州省的丹寨自治州,苗族和侗族人民生活在那里.10 .答案 where解析考查定语从句中关系副词的用法.代替表示地点的先行词“autonomous region自治区,并且在从句中作地点状语.11 .答案 clapped解析考查动词的时态.由下面的 and可知,该词和下文的"asked为并列的谓语动词,所以用过去式.12 .答案in解析考查介词.in Chinese意为“用汉语.句意为：普通话说得很流利的Jong May用汉语答复说：“当然可

14、以.13 . 答案 was appointed解析考查动词的时态和语态.主语为"Jong May",与appoint为动宾关系,即她被任命为市长,且动作发生在过去,故用 was appointed o14 .答案 Starting解析考查非谓语动词.句中已经有谓语动词"should serve,所给动词“start的逻辑主语就是句子的主语 each “mayor",所以用现在分词作状语,表主动.15 . 答案 development解析考查名词.前有所有格“the town' s作定语,所以用名词形式.m .短文改错2022黑龙江齐齐哈尔二模Th

15、e person that we should learn needn' t be rich or famous.It can be a person we live with.For I , it' s my father.I still remembered the days when I was a child.Although he had plenty of works to do , he still stayed with me but played games with me.With time gone by , I' m in Senior 3 no

16、w.It is I who has no time to stay with him now! However , he is still behind me and tries his best to make it a better life for our family.What selfless he is! I am very gratefully to him.He isnot only my father , but also a hero living with me!答案AThe person that we should learn fr0m needn' t be

17、 rich or famous.It can be a person we liveIrememberedwith.F0r 靛," s my father.I still remember the days when I was a chi1dAithough he hadworksbutgoneplenty of work to do, he still stayed with me anj played games with me.With time gong by,hasIm in Senior 3 now.1t is I who 麻 no time to stay with

18、him now! However , he is still behind,Whatgratefullyme and tries his best to make it a better life for our family. How selfless he is! I am very gratefulto him.He is not only my father , but also a hero living with me!专题强化练十二I .语法填空This summer, eight pupils travelled to China to participate in the C

19、hinese Bridge Summer Immersion(深入)Course at Tianjin Foreign Studies University.From the 10th 27th July, my classmates and I had a fantastic experience during which we spent 17 days 1. (become) truly immersed in the Chinese culture.One important aspect of our journey was daily 2.(visit) to Tianjin Fo

20、reign Studies UniversityEach day we took part in a Mandarin(普通话)course3. welearned useful vocabulary to help us throughout our tripsilWo had the opportunity to have 4. taste of different Chinese cultural activities like Beijing Opera mask painting , paper cutting and many more exciting activities.Th

21、ese allowed us to have a much 5. (deep) understanding of the culture of China and the traditions of the country.6. the end of our time in the city of Tianjin before moving on to Beijing , we all took part in a Mandarin test for which we 7. (prepare) throughout our time spent in the university.Despit

22、e our worries about having to sit a test during our summer holiday , we all succeeded and went on 8.(enjoy) our last week in the city of Beijing before returning to Scotland.I can say 9. (honest) that our journey to China is an unforgettable experience that 10.(remember) and looked back on fondly by

23、 all of us.语篇解读本文为记叙文.作者与七名同学利用暑假来中国体验中国文化.1 .答案 becoming解析 考查非谓语动词.spend time (in) doing sth.是固定搭配,意为“花费时间做某事.2 .答案 visits解析 考查名词的数.visit是可数名词,空前没有限定词,故用其复数形式.3 .答案 where解析 考查定语从句.分析句子结构可知,此处为定语从句,先行词为a Mandarin course(抽 象的地点名词,空处在从句中作地点状语,故用 where引导该定语从句.4 .答案 a解析 考查冠词.have a taste of.体验,固定用法,故填不定

24、冠词a.5 .答案 deeper解析 考查形容词比拟级.这些活动让我们对中国文化和传统有了更深的理解.根据语境和much可知,此处要用 deep的比拟级.6 .答案 At解析 考查介词.at the end of."在结束时"为固定搭配,故填介词At.7 . 答案 had prepared/had been preparing解析 考查时态.此处是在表达过去发生的事,因此此处应用过去时态；由语境及该句中的“we all took part in a Mandarin test 可知,可使用过去完成时表示在“参加普通话测试之前已完成的动作,也可用过去完成进行时表示动作从过去某

25、时开始,一直延续到另一个过去时刻,该动作刚刚结束,或可能还在继续.8 .答案 to enjoy解析 考查非谓语动词.此处指作者他们考完普通话后,继续享受在北京的最后一周的假期,应使用go on to do sth."继续做另外一件事 ,故填to enjoy.注意：不可填enjoying ,因go ondoing sth.表示“继续做同一件事.9 .答案 honestly解析 考查副词.修饰动词用副词,故填 honestly o10 . 答案 will be remembered解析 考查时态和语态.分析句子结构可知,experience后的that引导定语从句,that指代an un

26、forgettable experience,且与动词 remember是被动关系,故用被动语态；再结合前面的is和语境可知,此处指中国之行将被我们所有人记住并深情回味,故用一般将来时,表示将来的动作.A group of students ranging from Years 9 to 13 are benefiting from a schedule which is run by the Confucius Institute(孑L子学院)at Newcastle University , which aims 11.(build) closer academic, cultural a

27、nd social ties between China and the North East of England.Staff at the institute work 12. (patient) with schools and the other day the pupils took part in weekly after-school sessions with teacher Qiang Xingdi 13. gave them an introduction to the Chinese language and culture.Already the pupils 14.

28、(award) certificates of achievement from the institute.They are making rapid progress in learning Chinese now.Adam said , “I have always had an interest 15. Chinese culture and this course has been a great way to teach me all about it.Confucius Institutes are worldwide non-profit public institutions

29、 16. (design) by the Chinese government to promote its language and culture through teaching 17. (plan) and cultural exchanges.The Confucius Institute at the university was set up in 2022 , and it is 18 first one in the North East.Student Voice 19.(say) last week. "Many thanks to the Confucius

30、Institute at Newcastle University for helping to arrange such a memorable experience for the students and Qiang Xingdi for her weekly enthusiasm which has certainly made a significant 20(impress) on them.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文.介绍英国纽卡斯尔大学孔子学院课程开设以及学生学习汉语 及中国文化的现状.11 .答案 to build解析考查非谓语动词.aim to do sth.表示“打算做某事

31、.12 .答案 patiently解析考查副词.根据语境可知,此处应使用副词修饰动词.patiently耐心地.13 .答案 who/that解析考查定语从句. 分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词teacher Qiang Xingdi,表示人,且定语从句缺主语,故用 who或that.14 . 答案 have been awarded解析考查时态和语态.根据 Already可知此处用现在完成时,又因动词 award与the pupils为被动关系,表示学生被授予证书,故用现在完成时的被动语态.15 .答案in解析考查介词.have an interest in对感兴趣,是固定搭配.1

32、6 .答案 designed解析考查非谓语动词.本句中已有谓语动词 are,故空处应为非谓语动词,又因 design与其逻辑主语为动宾关系,故应填过去分词designedo17 .答案 plans解析考查名词的数.根据空后的并列名词短语"cultural exchanges可知此处应填名词,plan是可数名词,其前没有限定词,故应用 plan的复数形式.18 .答案 the解析考查冠词.序数词常与定冠词the搭配使用,表示顺序,故本空填the.19 .答案 said解析 考查时态.根据时间状语"last week可知,此空应填 said.20 .答案 impression解

33、析考查名词.根据空前的“a significant"可知,空处应用所给词的名词形式,且用单数.n .短文改错2022安徽皖北协作区联考Reading is good for babies in developing their intelligence and interest.Mom would read to meif I was a baby, that developed my love for reading.As I grew elder and could read by myself , my father often takes me to bookstores a

34、nd left me there reading.On my birthdays, the gifts sending by my parents are always books.It is them who let me know benefits of reading.Personally , I feel strong that reading does us lots of goods.It can broaden our horizons and make us more intelligent.Additionally , it is helpful in our learnin

35、g , especially in writing about good compositions.So let' s start reading now.答案Reading is good for babies in developing their intelligence and interest.Mom would read to meifwhenI was a baby ,A或and whichdeveloped my love for reading.As I grewelderT；- and could read oldertakesby myself, my fathe

36、r often ：00k me to bookstores and left me there reading.On my birthdays , the giftssendingthemsent by my parents are always books.It isjhey who let meAstrongPersonal1y , I feel stronglyknow the benefits of reading.goodsthat reading does us lots of g00d .It can broaden our horizons andmake us more in

37、telligent.Additionally , it is helpful in our learning, especially in writing good compositions.So let' s start reading now.m .阅读理解2022安徽六校教育研究会第二次联考A seaside Long Island village on Saturday honored the memory of a girl whose message in a bottle was found after Superstorm Sandy , discovered by c

38、leanup workers a dozen years after she threw it into the ocean.A plate was placed on a rock near the bridge , where the bottle was discovered in December.It reads： Be excellent to yourself dude朋友,“ the same message inside the bottle.The note, a line from the 1989 Keanu Reeves ' s movie Bill &

39、; Ted' s Excellent Adventure, was written by Sidonie Fery and threw into the ocean inside a bottle.She died in 2022 at the age of 18 in a fall from a cliff(悬崖)in Switzerland.The bottle only traveled a mile or two westward from where it was likely deposited to the location where cleanup workers f

40、ound it.It was intermingled with broken clothes, boating equipment and a range of sea trash.But because the note included the girl ' s New York City phone number, what otherwise would have been a worthless piece of trash became a priceless souvenir.Workers in Patchogue , about 60 miles (100 kilo

41、meters) east of Manhattan , called the number and returned the bottle to her mother, Mimi Fery.Fery said she sobbed when she heard workers had found the bottle and was grateful to them. "It' s unbelievable, " she said Saturday of the ceremony. "The town is amazing, my daughter was

42、 a lovely and lively person and very fun , she would do fun things.She always brought joy to everybody no matter how she felt.The plate also reads： I learned that even though someone is very small they may have a big heart“ and bears a photo of a smiling , young Sidonie along with the date the bottl

43、e was found ： Dec.6,2022.语篇解读这是一篇记叙文.一个海边小村在周六的时候举行活动纪念一个女孩.这个女孩数年前将一个装有个人信息的瓶子扔到大海里,数年后,这个瓶子被清理工人发现.但是,女孩已经去世,清理工人将瓶子归还给她的母亲.21 . The passage is mainly written to .A . tell us how to write a noteB . inform us of some useful tipsC. share with us a moving storyD. introduce the bottle message 答案 C解析 写

44、作意图题.一个海边小村在周六的时候举行活动纪念一个女孩.这个女孩数年前将一个装有个人信息的瓶子扔到大海里,数年后,这个瓶子被清理工人发现.但是,女孩已经 去世,清理工人将瓶子归还给她的母亲.文章详细介绍了事情的来龙去脉.故这篇文章的写作目的就是告诉读者这个感人的故事.故C选项正确.22 . The underlined word “intermingled" in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ". A . crowdedB . mixed upC. filled up答案 BD. secured解析 词义猜想题.由第三段内容和第

45、四段第一句"But because the note included the girl ' sNew York City phone number , what otherwise would have been a worthless piece of trash becamea priceless souvenir.可知,这个瓶子当初被扔下去之后,只向西漂流了一二英里,幸亏瓶子里有这个女孩的 号,否那么它就会被当成一件没有价值的垃圾了,由此可知,这个瓶子被发现时,和其他东西混杂在一起.故该划线单词意为“混合.故B项正确.23 . Which is the correct

46、 order of the events mentioned in the passage?a Sidonie fell from a cliff and died.b Sidonie wrote a line and threw it into the ocean in a bottle.c. Keanu' s movie Bill & Ted' sExcellent Adventure came out.d A plate was placed to honor the memory of Sidonie.e Cleanup workers found the bo

47、ttle and called Fery.A. cb一a一e一dB . c一 b一e一a一dC. c a b d eD . c a b e d答案 A解析细节理解题.由第一至第四段的描述可知,事情的开展顺序应该是：1989年电影Bill &Ted' s Excellent Adventure问世.Sidonie将这部电影里的一句台词写在纸上,放到瓶子里,然后把瓶子扔到了海洋里.2022年,Sidonie坠崖而死.清理工人发现了这个瓶子,给Sidonie的母亲Fery打 ,将瓶子归还给她.一个牌子被树立起来以纪念Sidonie.故A项正确.24 . Which of the fo

48、llowing can best describe Sidonie?A Helpful and optimistic.B Small but promising.C Lovely but pitiful.D Smart and beautiful.答案 A解析 推理判断题.由倒数第二段中的“my daughter was a lovely and lively person and veryfun , she would do fun things.She always brought joy to everybody no matter how she felt.“ 可知,Sidonie非常

49、可爱,非常活泼,经常做一些有趣的事.她总是给别人带去快乐.由此可知,她应该是一个比拟乐观、愿意帮助别人、给别人带去快乐的人.故 A项正确.W .完形填空2022江西赣州一模Jackson lived on top of the hill.From his hou sdne could see the sea and the villagd25 .One day, the villagers 26 something different about the sea.The sea seemed to be moving from the 27 .None of the villagers kne

50、w what was happening.Jackson understood what was going on.He had seen such an 28 when he was young.A tsunami海啸was approaching and the villagers had to be 29 、 but there was no time to send a message to the whole village."Tom! " he 30 to his grandson. " 31 a torch quickly ! The boy did

51、 what he was told.Jackson took the torch and set his 32 on fire.Immediately , red 33 shot upwards and thick smoke rose into the sky.Tom cried out , a Grandfather! Why are you setting our house on fire ? Jackson did not answer. 34 , he stood quietly and watched the villagers.Suddenly , some villagers

52、 noticed the 35 and shouted at everyone to run up the hill to help put out the fire.When Jackson saw everyone running towards him , he was so 36 .The villagers did their best but they 37 to control the fire.Jackson' s house was completely burned down but he stood on the hill 38.They thought Jack

53、son had gone 39 .They stared at him in disbelief.Finally, Jackson said " 40 towards the sea'. The villagers turned and saw a huge 41 of water rushing towards the village.They were shocked to see the water 42 the whole village and destroying everything in its 43 .Nothing was left of their ho

54、mes 44 everyone was safe on the hill.The villagers realized why Jackson had set fire to his house.语篇解读本文为记叙文.主要讲述了杰克逊住在山顶,从他的房子里,可以看到大海和下面的村庄.一天,他看到海啸要来了,但是又来不及通知村民们,于是他急中生智,点燃了 自己的房子,村民们都来帮助灭火,躲过了海啸的故事.25 . A.aboveB . throughC. belowD . off答案 C解析 由“Jackson lived on top of the hill."可知,从他的房子里,他

55、可以看到大海和下面的 村庄.above在上面；through通过；below在下面；off离开.26 . A.recognizedB . noticedC. overlookedD . expected答案 B解析 一天,村民们注意到大海有些不同.recognize意识到；notice注意到；overlook无视；expect 盼望.27 . A.landB . hillC. shoreD . village答案 A解析 大海好似远离了陆地.land陆地,地面；hill小山；shore海滨；village村庄.28 . A.sightB . chanceC alarmD plot答案 A解析 他年轻时,见过这样的景象.sight景象；chance时机；alarm警告；plot情节.29 . A.foundB . persuadedC taughtD warned答案 D解析 海啸接近,村民们需要被提醒.巾nd找到；persuade说服；teach教；warn提醒,警告.30 . A.rushed outB . figured outC called