美国：红山公园主体规划

1、美国：红山公园主体规划“这是伯明翰地区非常重要的设计项目，不用多加修饰，明显可以看出与城市的关联，是 一个宏大的工程。”2012 年美国景色美化设计师协会专业奖项陪审团地点：美国，阿拉巴马州，伯明翰市设计：WRT客户：红山园林休闲区委员会项目概述：红山公园所在地曾是一个矿场，位于城市边缘，沿山脊线分布，连接城市新旧区域。城市边的山脉体现了过去该地区种族和经济等方面的分割情况。红山公园则在山脉两边形成了独特的连接，有利于整个地区的发展。红山公园是当地最大的城市公园，占地面积达 1200公顷，连接了新旧伯明翰城市，可 以算作是两个城市街区的分界点和桥梁等。 在施工过程中，设计师充分考虑了绿色基础设

2、施 以及园内的文化氛围塑造，公园将为把伯明翰建设成为伟大的复合型历史文化名城做准备。公园设计包含了六点理念：活力、遗迹传承、革新、新旧连接、友好和妥善维护等。红山公园有几大特点：一是崎岖的海岸，二是临海的山脉。绵延 55km的海岸线，不乏 陡峭的岩壁与宽阔的海滩，因为无法超越的自然美景已经被列为自然文化遗产。HONOR AWARD- "It 'brs ve to have something this bold that conveys the social and physical history of Birmingham. It transforms without o

3、bliterating. The connection to the community is powerful. It is making no small plans.”2012 Professional Awards JuryRed Mountain / Green Ribbon The Master Plan for Red Mountain Park Birmingham, AL WRT, PhiladelphiaClient: Red Mountain Greenway and Recreational Area CommissionProject StatementRed Mou

4、ntain Park is the largest urban park in the country reclaimed from a landscape devastated by a century of mining. Located along a ridgeline on the edge of the city, the 1200-acre park will connect the new and old Birmingham revitalizing the long-disadvantaged northern community left in the wake of m

5、ining. Referred to in the press as the Great Divide, the mountain is a vestigial symbol of the city ' formerly divisive historic racial and economic conditions. The park will bridge the two communities, linking the older historically African American communities to newly developing communities o

6、n the other side of the mountain.Project NarrativeWhen complete the park will change people' s minds about the long lost landscape, creating a typeof community therapy via recreation. Features include over 40 miles of trails with a 10-mile railtrail and a 4-mile highline trail on elevated rail g

7、rade, a 45-acre commons, a 20-acre lake, and various active adventure recreation areas. In addition, nine historic mine openings will be interpreted, with one mine as the park ' isterpretive and development focus. Reaching well beyond the park boundary to connect to and secure the future stabili

8、ty of the adjacent communities via greenway links, the project helps to improve both the long-term sustainability of the site and the larger community.A redemption story in the making, the park will anchor Birmingham s new green infrastructure,and spur associated economic spinoff in a region much in

9、 need of a civic“ victory. " The pplay a central role in helping Birmingham reconcile its proud and complex history, and move on from its dual identity as epicenter of civil rights struggle and former iron making giant.Six themes organize the program and layout of the park: Vitality (public hea

10、lth and recreation), Heritage (industrial history), Renewal (environmental restoration), Connection (greenway and community links), Partnership (neighborhood revitalization, new development partnerships), and Management (stewardship and green building/operations).Environmental Sustainability is demo

11、nstrated by the protection of the parkland from private development. The Renewal Theme includes plans for long-term forest and habitat management, reclamation of disturbed mined areas. The Management Theme employs bioengineering techniques to highlight upper watershed water quality improvement, inva

12、sive species removal (kudzu and Chinese Privet), transmission line eco-management plan, and commitment to LEED and Sustainable Sites Initiative standards for new construction.Social Sustainability is demonstrated by four themes: the Vitality Theme enhances public health through active recreation, th

13、e Heritage Theme bolsters community identity, and the Connection and Partnership Themes secure social equity. The healing process is begun by using the park to link two very different communities divided by the mountain even prior to the mid-19th Century onset of mining. The division was accentuated

14、 as the northern communities, company towns developed by the mining company, struggled with mine closings in the mid-19th century. These historically black communities have subsisted in the mountain' s shadow, with no relationship tothe vast abandoned mine lands (private corporate holdings seale

15、d to public access). In contrast, the southern communities repres ent the region ' s most ambitious growth: golf courses, signature hotel, planned communities, and office parks define a lifestyle far removed from the northern communities. The Master Plan expresses the client s desire to use park

16、 planning, physical design,and programming to break the barriers and to organize a neighborhood stabilization, historic preservation, and improvement plan in response to the new park. Cultural heritage is vital to preserving community identity of the former company towns still inhabited by original

17、miners and their descendants.Economic Sustainability is demonstrated by the Partnership and Management themes. The client is exploring a park-related development such as a hotel or conference/retreat on a key site within the park. Adjacent lands with strategic economic value are under consideration

18、for acquisition as park revenue-generators, to assure the park -term viabngy and provide a revenue stream to accelerate construction of capital improvements. Several opportunities for park-specific revenue include a sliding-scale gate fee, rentals, and equipment, tour and food concessions. The effec

19、t on the northern communities is viewed as having a strong increase in property values, providing additional spinoff retail opportunities and, in concert with a local community college, a park operations employment training program. An economic impact report projects significant regionalimpact from

20、these cumulative efforts, and an increase in adjacent land values commensurate with John Crompton' s proximate value principle.Environmental and Social Data Collected and AnalyzedThe client and landscape architect developed a broad public engagement campaign to gain knowledge of the environmenta

21、l, cultural and social conditions, and to lay the groundwork for consensus of the wide range of stakeholders. Local residents, public officials, arts, civic advocates, educators, health professionals, law enforcement, disabled persons, religious leaders, and business leaders participated in the work

22、shops. Panels of experts - ecologists, geologists, recreation interests, and historians also participated. Based on the interviews, focused environmental data was derived from county GIS mapping, the archives of U.S. Steel, a previous heritage area documentation including HABS HARE records, exhausti

23、ve cultural resource-mapping project, and a targeted bio-inventory.Methods of AnalysisData was compiled in a series of inventory maps presented for review and contribution at an open public meeting, stakeholder meetings, and key issue focus groups. Future tasks such as a bioblitz and detailed cultur

24、al resource documentation efforts were recommended to fill in the gaps. The outcome of the inventory placed a high value on the mine infrastructure as the defining feature, supported by the environmental context of deciduous forest that has substantially reclaimed the mine lands.How Options Were Con

25、sideredWith the major decision to create the park already in place, a" foundation plan “ laid out celements with universal appeal. Facilitated public meetings were conducted to review the foundation plan and determine the preferred additional elements.How Interested Parties Participated in the

26、ProjectThe Steering Committee, including stakeholder group leaders (community stakeholder groups, focused topic specialists, general community support via the Friends of Red Mountain Park, and a dedicated My Space community) all enriched the process.The Role of Design in ProjectDesign transforms a h

27、idden archaeological relic into a vital, living attraction. The design extends the underground mine geometry to the surface, providing the basis for the vectors and patterns that shape park circulation and features. Strong compositions re-position the cultural resources (mines, railroads) as focal p

28、oints of recreation and touchstones of history. The intent is to shape a positive and transformative image for an abused landscape both to inspire public interest and catalyze fundraising.How the Project Will Be ImplementedA $30 million first phase will kick off implementation, based on a patchwork

29、of funding from private corporations, city, county, state, federal and nonprofit granting entities. Future phase implementation will depend on collateral development revenue and future allocations and donations. Detailed cultural and natural resources investigations and oral history interviews with miners are in progress now, and volunteers have begun building trails and r