(完整word版)外研版初中英语各册知识点(外研版)

1、初一上册各模块知识点及考试重点名词所所有格：表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加 's, students' rooms, father's shoes。(2) . 如复数结尾不是 s 的仍加 's ，如： Children's Day 。(3) . 在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用 's ， 例如： a twenty minutes' walk ， ten miles' journey，a boat's length ，two pounds' weight, ten dollar

2、s' worth。(4) . 无生命名词的所有格则必须用 of 结构，例如： a map of China， the end of this term ，the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。特殊情况：the key to the door/ the answer to the questionthe ticket for the concert(5) . 双重所有格，例如： a friend of my father's。【注意】如果两个名词并列，并且分别有 's ，则表示“分别有”，例如： John

3、's and Mary's rooms (约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间)； Tom's and Mary's bikes (两 人各自的自行车)。两个名词并列，只有一个 's ，则表示“共有”，例如： John and Mary's room (约翰和玛丽共有一间)； Tom and Mary's mother (即 Tom与 Mary 是兄妹)。 名词复数的不规则变化单复数通同形： 人们说汉语和日语，瑞士人喜欢绵羊、鹿和雨fish 、sheep、deer 、 people 、 Chinese 、 English不规则变化： 男女孩子的脚，

4、踩住老鼠的牙Women、 men 、 feet 、 mice 、 teeth1、would 的用法 Would you like to do sth? 你愿意干某事吗？提出建议邀请， 如果同意， 用 YES，I 'd love to./all right /A good idea.如果拒绝，也要客气的回绝。 would like sth 想要某物Would like sb to do sth 想让某人做某事Would like to do 想去做一件事情 Would you please do sth? 请求2、表示时间的介词At 后接时间点，周末 at the weekendIn 用

5、在年、月、季节或上午、下午、晚上等名词前On 后一般跟具体的某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上3、look 、 see、 watch 、readLook 集中注意力看，强调看的动作，如跟宾语，要用 atSee 强调看的结果，看见，看到Watch 强调专注地看，有欣赏的意味，常用语看电视，看球赛Read 阅读，看书1、would 的用法Would you like to do sth? 你愿意干某事吗？提出建议邀请， 如果同意， 用 YES，I 'd loveto./all right /A good idea. 如果拒绝，也要客气的回绝。 would like sth想要某物Would

6、like sb to do sth想让某人做某事Would like to do想去做一件事情 Would you please do sth? 请求2、表示时间的介词At 后接时间点，周末 at the weekendIn 用在年、月、季节或上午、下午、晚上等名词前On 后一般跟具体的某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上初一下册重点知识2、形容词和副词 形容词比较级用法：1最明显的提示词是 than ，其结构为“ A+比较级 +than+B ”。2有表示程度的副词 a little ，a bit ，a few，a lot ， much， even ， still ，far ， rather ，

7、any 等修饰时，用形容词比较级。3表示两者之间进行选择 “哪一个更”时，句型 “ Which/Who is+ 形容词比较级， A or B?”4、表示“越来越” ，即“比较级 +and+比较级”，多音节词和部分双音节词时用 “more and more+形容词原级” 。5、表示“越就越”时，用“ the+ 比较级， the+ 比较级”结构。 形容词最高级用法：1表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用最高级形式。最高级前必须加定冠词the ，句末常跟一个 in/of 短语来表示范围。2表示在三者或三者以上的人或物进行选择时，用“Which/Who is+the+ 最高级， A，B or C?

8、”3、表示“最的之一”时，用“one of the+ 形容词最高级”结构，4、形容词最高级前面可以加序数词，表示“第几最一、 词汇1、enjoy enjoy sth/doing喜欢某物 / 做某件事情enjoy oneself= have a good time玩的愉快派生词 ： enjoyable ，令人愉快的enjoyment,乐趣2、 dress,put on, wear,be indress 后常跟人作宾语，给穿衣服,get dressed或 dress oneselfput on 意为穿上，强调穿的动作，宾语通常是衣服、鞋帽wear 穿着，戴着，强调穿的状态，宾语可以是衣帽也可以是饰

9、品be in 也表状态，后面要加颜色，表示穿着什么颜色的衣服3、bring, take, carry和 get 的用法。bring 意思为“拿来”、“带来”。指将某物或某人从别处“带来”。Bring me the book, please.take 意思是“拿走”，“带走”It looks like rain. Take a raincoat with you.carry 是“带着、搬运、携带”的意思， 不表明来去的方向。Do you always carry a handbag?Get 是去某处将某物拿回来。Please go to my office to get some chalk.4

10、、strict adj. be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格 be strict in sb 对某事要求严格5、spend人+spend+时间/金钱 + on sth/ (in) doing sth为做准备（强调动作） 准备去做（强调动作） 准备好 （强调状态） 准备好去做（强调状态）6、get ready forget ready for sth为做准备(get ready to do sth准备去做(be ready for sth 准备好 ( be ready to do sth 准备好去做 get sth ready 把 sth 准备好7、look forward t

11、o doing8、be good/bad atdo well/badly in9、hope 与 wish 的区别：希望去做 hope to do sth/wish to do sth希望 sb 去做 wish sb to do hope 与 wish 后都可以接 that 从句 .二、 金牌句型1、It is more difficult for old people to learn English.It is +adj.+(for sb)+to do sth.2、It is the best way to get to school.3、What' s the population

12、 of Shanghai?在询问有多少人口用“ What' s the population of ”/ “Howl arge is the population of ”表示“有多少人口”用“ have/has a population of”形容人口的多少用 large 和 small, 而不用 many,much 和 few,little4、有关 how 的疑问句短语How long 多长时间或物体长度How soon 过多久，用于将来时间How often 频率How far 多远，指距离5、What be sb like?询问某人什么样，可以是外貌或性格等；What do/d

13、oes sb look like? 询问相貌。初二上册考试重点、语法1 、时态的考察 ，对于各种时态主要看时间标志词，尤其是： ago/before; five years ago/since five years ago/for five years,1、just now/just/now;完成时为重点，注意非延续性动词在现在完成加时间的情况下需要变为延续性状态的词。 have been to /have been in/ have gone to2、反义疑问句祈使句Let 引导的祈使句有两种情况：1) Let's go home, shall we/ shan't we?2

14、) Let us/me. ， will you 或 won't you 。Let me have a try, will you/won't you?3) 动词原形开头的祈使句都用 will you 或 won' t you结构时，其反意疑问句须与从句。例如：当陈述部分含 I think (believe, suppose.)that. 的主、谓语保持一致，注意主句的主语必须是第一人称 I don't think he will come, will he?若是非第一人称，则与主句的主语相一致He thinks that she will come, doesn

15、' t he?当陈述部分为从句时， 若主句主语为 I 反义部分的主语为主句主语。 I know your father is a worker, isn't he? she knows your father is a worker, doesn 当陈述部分含有以下这些含有否定意义的词 not, no, no one, nobody, nothing, none, neither 例如： He is never late for school, is he?，反意部分的主语为从句主语; 若不为 I't she?时： few, little, seldom， hardly

16、, never,等，其反意疑问句需用肯定结构。陈述部分是 there be 句型时 ，其反意疑问句中要用 there 。There was a hospital here, wasn't there?陈述部分的主语是 everything, nothing, anything 或 something 时 ，反意 疑问句的主语应用代词 it 。Something is wrong with my radio, isn't it?我的收音机出毛病了，是吧？ 陈述部 分的主 语是 everybody, everyone, anybody, anyone, somebody, some

17、one, nobody, no one, none, neither时 , 其反意疑问句的主语需用复数代词 they 。例如：Everyone is here, aren't they?大家都到了，是吗？3、to do 不定式1. 不定式作主语时，常用 it 作形式主语，而将作主语的不定式放在句子后部。It is exciting to surf the Internet.It's . of sb. to do sth.与 It's. for sb. to do sth.形容词形容人的时候用 of, 形容事情的时候用 for It's very kind / n

18、ice of you to help me。中国学生学俄语是很难的。it 作形式宾语，而将该不定式It's hard for the Chinese students to learn Russian.2. 动词不定式在句中作宾语，如带有宾语补足语时，要先用 后置。注意 ：一些动词之后可以接to 和 doing 作宾语时， 如 stop ，forget ，remember, try,needI don't think it right to do it in that way. 我觉得以那种方式去做是不恰当的。I find it hard to get along with h

19、im. 我发现与他相处不是件容易的事。4. 作补语 有些动词后跟不带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语。 感官动词 使役动词 help sb. do 或 help sb. to do 当此类句子改为被动语态时， 要补上 to.He is often heard to sing this song.The workers were made to work 12 hours a day.在 think, find, consider, discover 等动词后常用 to be +adj. 结构作宾补，有时 to be 可省略。We all think/ consider/ find/ discove

20、r him (to be) kind and honest.动词不定式的省略1) 不定式在使役动词 let, have, make 和感官动词 see, watch, notice , observe, hear, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补时，省略 to 。 help 可带 to ，也可不带 to help sb (to) do sth 。2) Why not 后面接不带 to 的不定式。常用来表建议。Why not have a break?3) but 和 except ：but/except 前的部分出现实义动词 do 时，其后面出现的动词不定式可 以不带 to 。

21、比较：He wants to believe anything butto take the medicine.Last night I did nothing but (to )watch TV.He does everything except (to) work.4) 由 and, or 或 than 连接的两个不定式，第二个不定式的 to 可以省去。例如：He wants to move to France and marry the girl.5) 通常在 discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等词后，可以省去 to be ：He

22、is supposed (to be) an honest man.4、情态动词must 是重点1) 表示义务。意为“必须” (主观意志)。否定形式是 needn' t,2) 表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。否定形式是can' t3) musn't 本身表示“禁止” ，“不允许” ，“不能” 二、重点词汇、句型1、 What/how about doing ? Why not/why don ' t you do .? It is +adj.+for sb to do sth?此句型到第九模块会重点讲解2、 other 系列词anothera

23、dj./pron 泛指多个中的另一个otheradj./pron, 其他的，别的one the other一个另一个（总共有两者）one another一个另一个（总数三者以上者）other+n.=others其余的一些The other+n.=the others其余的全部3、a little修饰动词、形容词和副词，有点修饰不可数名词，一点，一些a bit修饰动词、形容词和副词，有点 ,=a little加介词 of 后可修饰不可数名词a few修饰可数名词复数形式4、 no one 和 noneno one（ =nobody）不加 ofwho提问没有人单三动词none可加 ofhow ma

24、ny 提问没有人没有物单、复数动词5、 bring, take, carry和 get 的用法。bring 意思为“拿来”、“带来”。指将某物或某人从别处“带来”。Bring me the book, please.take 意思是“拿走”，“带走”，把某物或某人从这里“带来”或“拿到”某处之意。It looks like rain. Take a raincoat with you.carry 是“带着、搬运、携带”的意思，指随身携带，有背着、扛着、抱着、提着的含义， 不表明来去的方向。 Do you always carry a handbag?Get 是去某处将某物拿回来。Please

25、go to my office to get some chalk.6、through/across/over through 穿越，指从空间内穿越 through the door across ，横越穿过，从表面走过，或从一边到另一边,across the roadover 翻越，跨越7、provide /offerprovide sth for sb / provide sb with sthoffer sth to sb / offer sb sth（主动提供）8、happen / take placehappen 指事件偶然发生，还可以表示“碰巧”之意 , 不用于被动语态 sth h

26、appen to sbsb happen to do sth.It happens that+句子take place 多指按计划或者安排而发生，不用于被动语态9、compare with 比较 compare to . 比喻10、depend on sb 依赖 depend on sth 依而定初二下册重点知识一、重点词汇1、makemake +宾语 +动词原形 He made us stay with him.make +宾语 + 形容词 He tried to make his mother happymake +宾语 +名词 - He made me his friend.make +

27、宾语 +介词短语 He asked us to make ourselves at home.make +宾语 +过去分词 What made him so frightened?2、seemSeem+ 形容词 English seems a little difficult.Seem to do He doesn' t seem to have any friends.=It seems that he doesn' t have any friends.It seems as if they were in a dream.3、suggest suggest+ 名词、代词

28、suggest doing 建议做某事 suggest sb do建议某人做某事4、refuse to do sth拒绝做某事5、beat 打败，后接运动员、球队、对手win 接比赛、战争，奖项6、avoid doing sth避免做某事7、depend depend on sb 依赖 depend on sth 依而定8、on one 's own 独自 of one ' s own 某人自己的9、have problem with在哪一方面有麻烦have problem/trouble/difficulty (in)doing ，其中 trouble/difficulty

29、是不可数名 词，前面用 no/much/some/little any 修饰10、come up 出现，发生1) 发芽， In March, lots of plants begin to come up.2) 太阳升起3 )发生，出现 I'll let him know if anything comes up.4 )被提及 A number of questions came up at the meeting.， in order that11、in order to 、to+ 动词原形、 so as to,so that.so thatin order to、 to+ 动词原形

30、、 so as to 引导目的状语从句，有时为了表示强调，也可把12、 as well asin order to ， to do 放在句首，否定形式是 in order not to,so as not to并且，还，可与 not only but also 互换，但是 as well as 强调前面的内容， not only but also 强调后面的内容1) 连接两个并列成分 He as well as his friends likes going shopping.2) as well as 还可以表示“和一样好”， well 是副词，用于修饰实义动词。3) as well 可单独

31、做副词，表示“也”，位于句末。13、such adj. 如此，这样so +adj.+a/an+ 单数名词 such+a/an+adj.+ 单数名词 such +adj.+ 复数名词、不可数名词， 当 adj. 是 many/much/few/little 时用 so14、倒装句So + be/ 助动词 / 情态动词 +主语“某人或某物也一样”I will go there tomorrow. So will she.So +主语+be/助动词 /情态动词 “的确如此”"It was very cold yesterday.""昨天很冷。 ""S

32、o it was."" 的确如此。 " 对于上述两种情况，当前一句是否定句时， so 须改用 neither 或 nor 。15、besides ， but ， except 和 except forbesides ：除了 还包括 He has another car besides this.but 与 excep t 同义，但 but 多用在 every ， any ， no 等和由这些词构成的复合词except ：除了；例句： Except you, there is no one can help me.除了你没人能帮我except for ：在一类中除去

33、另一类， Smith is a good man， except fo r his bad temper 二、语法知识1、宾语从句宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：I hear (that) physics isn ' t easy.I think (that) you will like this school soon.Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?Please tell me when we ' ll have the meeting.宾语从句的时态主句宾语从句一般现在时一切时态一般过去时过去范畴的某一时态（一

34、般过去时；过去进 行时；过去完成时；过 去将来时）如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。I don ' t think （that） you are right.Please tell us where he is.Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station? 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去 进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：He asked what time it was.He told me that he was preparing for

35、 the sports meet.He asked if you had written to Peter. 知识拓展： 宾从的主语与主句的主语（或宾语）相同时，可把从句替换为“疑问词+ to do ”.I haven' t decided where I will go =I haven 't decided where to go .He asked me what I bought = He asked me what to buy .2、状语从句 时间状语从句1 ）由 when，as soon as ,before等引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表示将来时间。2）带有

36、till 或 until 引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含 义是“一直到时” ，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直 到才” , “在以前不” , 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如：The young man read till the light went out.We won ' t start until Bob comes. 条件状语从句1）条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则，一般现在时表示将来时间。2）“祈使句 + and （or）+ 陈述句” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。Hurry up, or you'll be

37、 late. =If you don't hurry up, you'll be late.结果状语从句结果状语从句由 so that, such that, so that此知识点牵扯到重点词汇中的so +adj.+a/an+ 单数名词such+a/an+adj.+ 单数名词such +adj.+ 复数名词、不可数名词，当 adj. 是 many/much/few/little 时用 so3、to do 和 doing 做宾语常考的动词后加 -ing.1.Enjoy doing sth喜欢做某事2.Like doing sth喜欢做某事3.Have fun doing sth

38、玩得开心4.Practice doing sth练习做某事5.Spend doing sth花费时间做某事（主语是人）6.Keep doing sth保持一直做某事7.How about doing sth做某事怎么样（表建议）8.What about doing sth做某事怎么样（表建议）9.Have a difficulty doing sth做某事有困难10.Have a good time doing sth玩得开心11.Feel like doing sth想要做某事12.Can' t help doing sth禁不住做某事13.start doing sth开始做某事1

39、4.go on doing sth继续做某事15.mind doing sth介意做某事16.finish doing sth完成做某事17.be busy doing sth忙于做某事18.see/hear sb doing看到 / 听到某人正在做某事19. remember doing sth记住曾做过某事20. forget doing sth忘记曾做过某事21. try doing sth做某事试试看有何效果22. mean doing sth意味着做某事23. can't help doing sth禁不住做某事24. stop doing sth.停止正在做的事初三上册考试

40、重点知识语法知识1、时态名称时间状语用法一般现在时seldom,often,usually every week, on Sundays, once a week经常性习惯性的动作、 客观真理、 条件或时间状语从句中表示 将来一般过去时 ago,last week,just now In+ 过去的时间， the day before过去某个事件发生的动作或存在的状态现在进行时now,at this time,these days,还 有 其 他 结 构 ： look ， listen现在或现阶段进行的动作或 存在的状态， 状态动词不用于进行时过去进行时at this time yesterda

41、y,at that time,When 和 while 引导的状语 从句过去某个时刻或某阶段正在发生的动作一般将来时tomorrow,next week,soon,in+ 一段时间， how soon,from now on将来某时要发生的动作打算要做某事Shall 多于第一人称连用， 一 般疑问句中表示请求、建议现在完成时ever,just,recently,before,already,yet,since+ 时 间 点for+ 时间段， so far过去已经发生的动作对现在 的影响；过去已经开始， 持续到现在； 终止性动词不能和表示一段 时间的状语连用被动语态的特殊用法：1、不及物动词带介

42、词和介词宾语 , 在变为被动语态时 , 仍然要带上介词 , 如The teacher is listened to carefully by the students in class.The new students are looked after in the school.The things are take good care of .2、当动词带有符合宾语时 , 并且宾补是省去 “ to ”的动词不定式时 , 在被动语态中应加上 “to ” ,一感，二听，三让，四看They make us do all the work. We are made to do all the wo

43、rk.We often hear her sing English songs. She is often heard to sing Englishsongs.I see him walk to school.He is seen to walk to school.3、当动词带双宾语时 ,将其中一个宾语提前作被动语态的主语 , 另一个不动 ; 如果是将指物 或指事的宾语提前 , 则指人的宾语前应加上 to 、for 如 :I am given some nice presents.They give me some presentsSome nice presents are given

44、to me.The childrenare often told some stories (by him)SomeHe often tells the children some stories.stories are often told to the children (byhim).时。等。动词后加 to ： give,show,send,bring,lend,promise 动词后加 for: pay,buy,sing,make,get 等3、定语从句修饰人只用 who 的情况 ：a. 先行词是 one , ones , anyone , thoseb. there be 句型中修饰

45、名词时。c. 先行词后有一个较长的定语。1)Anyone who hasn ' t handed in his home- work should stay after school.2)There is a girl who wants to see you at the school gate.3) Did you see the man in the park yesterday afternoon who wore a red shirt? 修饰人或物只用 that 的情况 ：(1) 先行词是 all, few, little, nothing, everything, any

46、thing等不定代词时。All that he said is true.(2) 先行词被 only, no, any, all,等词修饰时。He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.(3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如：He was the second (person) that told me the secret.(4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。This is the best book (that) I have read this year.(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如： 修饰

47、物只用 which 的情况 ：a. 先行词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时b. 先行词为 that 时1)This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived .这就是鲁迅以前住过的房子。2)What ' s that which you are holding in your arms?你抱着的那个是什么？定语从句可简化为短语 1定语从句为被动语态时可简化为过去分词短语；定语从句为现在进行时可简化为现在分 词短语。2定语从句的谓语 (be) 后是介词短语，可简化为介词短语作定语。 3定语从句的谓语动词含情态动词，可简化为不定式。eg.1)I bought

48、 a book that was written by Lu Xun.= I bought a book written by Lu Xun.2)Tell the children who are playing there not to do that.= Tell the children playing there not to do that.3)The book that is on the table is mine.= The book on the table is mine.4）We have nothing that we should fear.= We have not

49、hing to fear.4、冠词和数词1、a/an 用在序数词之前表示“再一次，又一次'2、the 用在姓氏复数之前，表示“某某一家人”，“某某夫妇”。例如： the Browns, the Whites等。3. 表示一个具体数字时， hundred, thousand, million一律不用复数；在表示一个不确定数字时则用复数。例如：There are three thousand students in our school. After the war, thousands of people became homeless.（3） 表示“十”的数词的复数形式可用来表示人的岁

50、数或年代，例如： He is in his early thirtiesHe died still in his fortiesThis took place in 1930s5、主谓一致1. 语法一致的原则 （2）并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。例如： His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.The poet and writer has come.（ 3）由 and 连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every 修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如： In our country every boy an

51、d every girl has the right to receive education.（ 4）主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有but ,except, besides, with ,as well as等短语，谓语动词仍用单数。例如： The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.（ 5） 一些只有复数形式的名词，如 people, police, cattle, clothes 等作主语时，谓语 动词要用复数。 The police are looking for lost boy.（ 7）有两部分构成的物体的名词，

52、如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：Where are my shoes? I can' t find them.Your trousers are dirty. You' d better change them.如果这类名词前用了 a pair of 等，则往往用作单数，谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于 pair的单复数形式。例如： My new pair of socks is on the bed.2. 意义一致的原则 （1）表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常

53、用单数。例如： Twenty years is not a long time.Ten dollars is too dear.（ 2）有些集合名词，如 family, team 等作主语时，如作为一个整体看待，谓语动词 用单数；如指其中每个成员，则用复数。例如： My family is big one.My family are watching TV.（ 5）“分数或百分数 /the rest+of+ 名词”构成的词组作主语时，其谓语动词要以 of 后面的名词而定。名词是复数，谓语动词用复数：名词是单数，谓语动词用单数。 例如：It is said that 35 per cent of

54、 the doctors are women.Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.（ 8）凡是以“定冠词 +形容词（或分词）”作主语，往往根据意义一致的原则决定谓语 动词的单复数形式。 如果这种主语指的是一类人， 谓语动词用复数； 如果指的是一 个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.The dead is a famous person.3. 邻近一致的原则（1）由连词 or, either or, neither nor

55、, not only but also, 等连接的并 列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近 它的主语一致。例如：Either you or I am right.Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it.（2）在“ There be ” 句型中 ,谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。There are two apples and one egg in it.（ 4）以 here 开头的句子，其谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。Here is a letter and some books for

56、you.词汇1、do some reviews about 表示“对 做评论” ;do an interview with表示“采访 ” .2、too to 太而不能He is too young to go to schoolso that 如此以至于 , enough to ,注意同义句转换3、as far as 就而言，据as long as 只要： I don't mind as long as it doesn't rain.as soon as 一就 I'll write you as soon as I get there.as well as 和一样 He grows flowers as well as vegetables.4、please 两个意思，一个是请，一个是取悦，Mark trei