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1、学习好资料欢迎下载专虹一非谓语动词常考点非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。非谓语动词一直是高考中的热点。解答非谓语动词的题目时,一定要解析句子结构,确定所设空是谓语动词还是非谓语动词, 以及非谓语动词在句子中充当的功能 (如状语、定语或宾补); 找准相关动词的逻辑主语, 确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系 (主动还是被动);搜索句子中相关的时间信息, 确定非谓 语动词的恰当形式。非谓语功能形式动名词具有名词功能,常在句中作 主语,宾语主动式doing被动式beingdone完成式havingdone/havingbeendo ne现在 分词表主动和正在进行, 常在 句中作定语,状语,宾补一般

2、式doing完成式havingdone过去 分词表被动和已完成,常在句中 作定语,状语,补语一般式done进行式beingdone完成式havingbeendone动词 不定式表将来具体某一次,常在句 中作主语,定语,状语,补语,宾语等一般式todo/tobedone进行式tobedoing完成式tohavedone/tohavebeendo ne1动名词和不定式作主语如果表语是不定式,主语也是不定式;表语是动名词,主语也是动名词。如:Toseeistobelieve.= Seeingisbelieving.动名词作主语的句型。如:Itisnouse/nogood/uselessdoingst

3、h.Itisawasteoftimedoing(也可用 Itisawasteoftimetodo)动词不定式和动名词的复合结构:动词不定式的复合结构有两种:Itisdifficult/easy/possible/necessary/forsb.todosth.和 Itiskind/wise/foolish/considerate/ofsb.todo 。动名词的复合结构是由名词所有格或“物主代词+动名词”构成。在口语和非正式语体中,只要不是作主语,动 名词复合结构中的逻辑主语常采用名词通格或人称代词宾格。如:Hiscomingmademehappy.Ican'timaginehis/hi

4、mlivingtherealone.动名词被动式作主语(过去分词不可作主语)。如:Beingexposedtothesunlightforalongtimedoesharmtoyourskin.基础练习完成下列句子:It'sfoolish( 你相信他说的话 ).It'simpossible( 他做这样的事 ). Doyoumind(我抽烟)?It'snouse(你和他争辩 ).(go) abroadisanhonourtome.(take) abroadisanhonourtome.(devote) tohisworkmadehimsucceed.2动名词和不定式作宾语

5、下面的动词要求用不定式作宾语:attempt(企图),afford(负担得起),demand(要求),10ng(渴望),desire(渴望),expect, hope, wish , want, swear(发学习好资料欢迎下载誓),volunteer(自愿),offer(提供),fail(未能),plan , care(关心,喜欢),happen(W巧),prepare(准备),learn(学习),choose解 择),hesitate(犹豫),claim(要求),promise, undertake(承接),appear(似乎),seek(寻觅),refuse(拒绝),decide(决定)

6、, determine(决定),manage(设法),pretend(假装),agree(同意),bother(烦恼),intend(想要),wait(等待)下面的动词只能用动名词作宾语:acknowledge(承认),admit(承认),deny(否认),mention(说至L 讲至U ), tolerate/stand/bear(忍受),dislike(不喜欢), advocate(提倡,主张),appreciate(感激,欣赏),avoid(避免),enjoy(享受),envy(嫉妒),delay(延迟),postpone(延迟, 延期),escape(逃跑,逃避),excuse/par

7、don/forgive(原谅),fancy(幻想,爱好),imagine(想象),favour(造成,偏爱),mind(介 意),miss(错过),finish(完成),resist(抵抗),risk(冒险),involve(包含),practise(实践),suggest/advise/recommend(建议), prevent(阻止),keep(保持),quit/abandon(放弃,停止),understand(理解),include(包括)后接动名词作宾语的动词短语和句型有:have(no/much/some/)difficulty/trouble/ahardtime(in) , t

8、akepleasurein, spendtime/money(in) , wastetime(in), beworth, bebusy, feellike, becommittedtoto作为介词的短语有:lookforwardto , payattentionto, objectto = beopposedto, bedevotedto, stickto , comecloseto(差点),getdownto(开始 认真做),get/beaccustomed/usedto(doing), leadto = contributeto(sb.doing/beingdone)allow , per

9、mit, forbid , advise, recommend 的用法:allow/permit/forbid/advise/recommend + doingallow/permit/forbid/advise/recommend + sb.+ todo 如:Idon'tallowsmokinginmyroom.Idon'tallowhimtosmokeinmyroom.基础练习用所给词的适当形式填空: Weagreed(meet) herebutsofarshehasn'tturnedupyet. Thediscoveryofthenewevidenceledtot

10、hethief(catch). Janeypretended(write) whenhermothercamein. IcanhardlyimaginePeter(sail) acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays. Thedoctoradvisedhim(stop) smoking.3注意区别下列动词后接不定式和动名词forgettodosth.忘记要去做某事(此事未做)forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)remembertodosth.记得去彳某事(未做)rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事(已做)stoptodo停止(某件事

11、),目的是去做另一件事stopdoing停止正在或经常做的事goontodo继续(去做另外一件事情)goondoing继续(原先没有做完的事情)regrettodosth.对要做的事感到遗憾(遗憾地要去做某事)regretdoingsth.对过去做过的事或未彳过的事感到后悔(后悔做过或未做过某事)trytodo努力、企图做trydoing试验、试一试某种办法meantodo(人)打算,有意要meandoing(物)意味着can'thelp(to) dosth.不能帮助做某事can'thelpdoingsth.情不自禁做某事基础练习用所给词的适当形式填空: Don'tyo

12、uremember(see) themanbefore? Iregret(inform) youthatthemeetinghasbeencancelled.学习好资料欢迎下载 Let'stry(do) theworksomeotherway. Ididn'tmean(hurt) yourfeeling. I'msobusythatIcan'thelp(clean) thehousewithyou.Afterwefinishedourhomework , wewenton(review) thenewlesson.4 不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别不定式作表语

13、,一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作。动名词作表语,表示抽象的一般性的行为。如果主语是以 aim, duty, hope, idea, happiness, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing, wish 等为中心的名词, 或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。过去分词作表语,表示“感到,觉得”,现在分词作表语,表示“令人”。此类词有:embarrass, excite,interest, delight, disappoint, encourage, inspire, please, puzzle, satisfy, surp

14、rise, worry, convince 等。基础练习用所给词的适当形式填空: Hiswishis(go) abroad. Hishobbyis(collect) stamps. Themostimportantthingis(negotiate) withthemaboutthefutureoftheplant. Whatheshoulddois(work) hard. Hefelt(embarrass).5 分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别下面的动词要求用不定式作宾补(动词+宾语+动词不定式):ask(请,叫),tell(告诉),get(使,让),prefer(喜欢,宁愿),like(喜欢

15、),force(强迫),press(迫使),require(要求), request(请求),advise(劝告),pray(请求),remind(提醒),beg(请求),invite(吸引,邀请),command(命令),order(命令), intend(想要,企图),drive(驱赶),train(训练),cause01起),instruct(指示),direct(指导),warn(告诫),enable(使能够), need(需要),urge(激励,力说),inspire(鼓舞),encourage(鼓励),want(想要),lead(引起,使得),teach(教),wish(希望)。感

16、官动词,如:see, watch, observe, notice, lookat, hear, listento, feel等。感官动词后可接不带to的不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语。使役动词have, make的用法(注意have作为“有"的用法):使役动词have可接不带to的不定式、现在分词、过 去分词作宾语补足语;make后接不带to的不定式、过去分词、名词、形容词作宾语补足语。catch, find , get, leave, keep, set, send后接非谓语动词作宾语补足语。基础练习用所给词的适当形式填空: Ioftenhearhim(sing) the

17、song.Ioftenhearthesong(sing).Iheardhim(sing) thesongwhenIpassedby.Iheardthesong(sing) whenIpassedby. I'mleavingforBeijingtomorrow.Doyouhaveanything(take) toyourson?Iwon'thaveyou(talk) tohimlikethat!Ihadhim(repair) mybike.Ihadmybike(repair).Youshouldn'thavethelight(burn) allthenight. Hisl

18、etterleftme(feel) prettybad.Heleftthework(unfinish).Youcanleavehim(finish) thework.Whatshesaidsetme(think).Thepushsenthim(fall) down.6分词和动词不定式作状语的区别分词作状语,除表示伴随之外还表示时间、让步或条件。动词不定式作状语时,除了表示目的,还表示结果、情感或心理状态原因。尤其注意表示特性的形容词(comfortable,学习好资料欢迎下载difficult , easy等)后接的不定式要用主动形式表示被动意义。基础练习用所给词的适当形式填空:(turn)

19、totheright , youwillfindthehospital.(give) moretime , Iwillfinishthework.(wait) forabus , Imetafriendofmine. Hewasexcited(hear) thenews. Hedidallhecould(help) peopleinneed. Theplacehereferredtoishard(find).7 不定式和分词作定语的区别不定式作定语,表示将来;现在分词作定语,表示正在发生或主动;过去分词作定语,表示过去或被动。此外,在 warning , ability , failure ,

20、 determination , wish , decision等词后面用不定式作定语;不定式作定语还可用 来修饰序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定语。基础练习用所给词的适当形式填空: Themeeting(hold) tomorrowisimportant. Themeeting(hold) nowisimportant. Themeeting(hold) yesterdaywasimportant.8 现在分词与过去分词的区别现在分词作定语、宾语补足语、状语时,与它所补充说明的名词之间是主动关系;而过去分词作定语、宾语补足 语、状语时,与它所补充说明的名词之间是被动关系。基础练

21、习用所给词的适当形式填空:(see) fromthetopofthehill , thepeopleonthestreetlooklikeants.(see) thescene, thepeopleonthestreetletoutacryofjoy. Theroom(face) southisourclassroom.Theroom(paint) whiteismine. WhenIreturned , Ifoundthedoor(lock).WhenIreturned , Ifoundhim(watch) TV .9 "疑问词+不定式”结构疑问词who, what, which

22、, when, where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语和宾语补足语。基础练习用所给词的适当形式填空:When(start) hasnotbeendecided.10 only to do , never to do , only doingonlytodo意为“结果却";nevertodo意为“结果却再没有“;onlydoing意为"只是做"。基础练习用所给词的适当形式填空: Hewasbusywritingastory , only(stop) onceinawhiletosmokeacigarette. Hehu

23、rriedthere , only(tell) thetrainhadleft.Helefthome , never(hear) from.11 一致性不定式和分词的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语保持一致,否则只能用从句或独立主格结构。基础练习完成下列句子:学习好资料欢迎下载thefilm(看电影的时候),hecried.thefilm(看电影的时候),tearscamedownhisface.12 with复合结构with后面的宾补可以是形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词(表主动卜过去分词(表被动卜不定式(表将来)。with复合结构在句中作原因或伴随状语,还可以作定语。基础练习用所给词的适当形式填空

24、:Withalotofhomework(finish) , Ican'tgowithyou. Withalotofhomework(finish) , Iwenthomeandhadarest. Withaboy(help) us , wefoundtheplaceeasily.13 独立主格结构独立主格结构的构成:名词(代词)+现在分词(与前面构成主动关系);名词(代词)+过去分词(与前面构成被动关系);名词(代词)+不定式(表将来);名词(代词)+副词;名词(代词)+形容词;名词(代词)+介词短语;名词(代词)+名词。Weatherpermitting, wearegoingtov

25、isityoutomorrow.Thetestfinished, webeganourholiday.Therebeingnobus, wehadtowalkhome.Hecameintotheroom, hisearsredwithcold.Hecameoutofthelibrary, alargebookunderhisarm.Thevillagers, mostofthemwomenandchildren, werekilledthatnight.基础练习完成下列句子: Manypeopleweremissing , mostofwomen.=Manypeopleweremissing

26、, mostofwerewomen.Time(permit)( = Iftimepermits) , wewillgothere.Time(give)( = Iftimeisgiven) , Iwillfinishitalone.14 评注性分词评注性分词有:judgingfrom/by(按照判 断),considering(就而言),generallyspeaking(总 的来说),talking/speakingof(说起)。但是注意区别 judge和consider作为及物动词时的用法。基础练习用所给词的适当形式填空:(judge) fromhisaccent , heisfromHun

27、an.(judge) tobethebest, hewashonoured.(consider) hisage, hehasdonewell.(consider) asoneofthebiggestcitiesintheworld , Shanghaiisverypopularnow.15 被动形式表主动意义的几个动词beseated= sit, belocated= lie , bedressedin= wear, beleft = remain , bedevotedto= devoteoneselfto。基础练习用所给词的适当形式填空: Doyouknowthegirl(seat) un

28、derthetree? Therearemanyproblems(remain) tobesolved.Therearemanyproblems(leave) unsolved.学习好资料欢迎下载(devote) toscience, hewillberememberedforever. (devote) allhislifetoscience , hewillberememberedforever.16非谓语动词的完成式和否定式当非谓语动词的动作发生在主句谓语动作之前,要用完成式。非谓语动词的否定式放在不定式、动名词或分词前。 基础练习用括号里所给词的适当形式填空:(see) hismoth

29、er, thechildsmiled.(see) thefilmmanytimes , Iknowitwell.(show) aroundthelab , thevisitorsweretakentothelibrary. Hismothertoldhim(notleave) hisworkunfinished. Helookedforward(notcancel) theconcert.(notreceive) hisanswer, Idecidedtowritetohimagain.17 判断用并列谓语还是非谓语有时要区分用谓语还是非谓语。现在分词作状语,表伴随动作和谓语动词的动作同时进行

30、。并列谓语之间有and,用在最后一个谓语前,构成 AandB,或A、BandC;否则,要把其中一个变为非谓语。 基础练习 Atlast, wefoundourselvesinapleasantparkwithtreesprovidingshadeand downtoeatourpicniclunch.A.sittingB.havingsatC.tositD.satAsthelightturnedgreen, Istoodforamoment, not , andaskedmyselfwhatIwasgoingtodo.A.movedB.movingC.tomoveD.beingmoved18

31、判断表示原因、伴随、结果还是表目的基础练习 Lotsofrescueworkerswereworkingaroundtheclock,suppliestoYushu, QinghaiProvinceaftertheearthquake. A.sendingB.tosendC.havingsentD.tohavesent Iexplainedthetheoryasclearlyaspossible,tomakeiteasy.A.tohope; tounderstandB.hoped; understoodC.hoping; tounderstandD.tohope; tobeunderstood

32、 19 there be 结构 there + be+名词+ doing/done/todo ; deny/appreciate/mind/imagine/admit + 介词+ therebeing ; want/expect/hope/wish/like/hate/wouldlike/prefer/mean/intend + theretobe。 therebeing是独立主格结构。Thereisnodoing 意为“不可能,无法”。基础练习 用所给词的适当形式填空: Thereisagreatdealofevidence(indicate) thatmusicactivitiesenga

33、gedifferentpartsofthebrain. Thestudentsexpectedthere(be) morereviewingclassesbeforethefinalexams. Annneverdreamsofthere(be)forhertobesentabroadverysoon. There(be) nomoneyleft, Ican'tbuythebook.20 不定式to后的省略一般保留动词不定式符号to,若to后有助动词have, be, havebeen,则也要保留。基础练习 Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet

34、, buthismothertoldhimA.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto(2) Inmyopinion, lifeinthetwenty firstcenturyismucheasierthan.A.thatusedtobeB.itisusedtoC.itwasusedtoD.itusedtobe 一Youshouldhaveworkedharder. IknowI . A.oughttoB.oughttohaveC.shouldD.will学习好资料欢迎下载一Hewasn'thelpedyesterday.Heoughtto.A.haveB.be

35、C.havebeenD.havedone21 不定式to的省略不定式作表语时,如果前面有实义动词do的形式时,to要省略;不定式作感官动词和使役动词的宾语补足语时,要省略 to;由并列连词and, except, but, than, or连接两个以上的具有相同意义或功能的不定式时,第二个动词不定式不带 to;注如果两个不定式表示对照或对比,则不能省略to。如:It'seasiertomakeaplanthantocarryitout.动词help后用作宾语或宾语补足语时,不定式可以不带 to;"whynot+省略to的不定式(动词原形)”表示建议,意为"为什么不&

36、quot;;“why +省略to的不定式(动词原形)”表示不赞成;动词不定式作 but, except的宾语时,如果前面有实义动词do的形式时,要省略to;不定式构成的特殊句式:too与ready, easy, willing, eager, anxious等形容词连用,此时不定式没有否定意义,too相当于very。如:Iamtoowillingtohelpyou.too在not, never, only, all, but后,不定式表示肯定含义。基础练习 Ifhetakesonthiswork, hewillhavenochoicebut anevengreaterchallenge.A.m

37、eetsB.meetingC.meetD.tomeet一It'salongtimesinceIsawmysister. herthisweekend?A.WhynotvisitB.WhynottovisitC.WhynotvisitingD.Whydon'tvisit Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake22 连接词+不定式连接词和不定式连用相当于一个缩短了的从句。如:Shemusthavetimeinwhi

38、chtogrowcalm.Shehassomemoneyinthebank, withwhichtohelphermother.基础练习 Shehadnomoney abirthdaypresentforherchildren.A.tobuywithB.buyingC.boughtD.withwhichtobuy I'veworkedwithchildrenbefore, soIknowwhat inmynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects局考典范1 .(2014 江苏卷 )Thelecture, alivelyques

39、tion and answersessionfollowed.A.beinggivenB.havinggivenC.tobegivenD.havingbeengiven2 .(2014 福建卷)thepastyearasanexchangestudentinHongKong, Lindaappearsmorematurethanthoseofherage. A.SpendingB.SpentC.HavingspentD.Tospend3 . (2014 湖南卷)ourselvesfromthephysicalandmentaltensions , weeachneeddeepthoughtan

40、dinnerquietness. A.HavingfreedB.FreedC.TofreeD.Freeing4 .(2014 浙江卷)AmieSalmon, disabled, isattendedthroughoutherschooldaysbyanurse toguardher.A.toappointB.appointingC.appointedD.havingappointed5 .(2014 天津卷)Clearlyandthoughtfully , thebookinspiresconfidenceinstudentswhowishtoseektheirownanswers. A.wr

41、itingB.towriteC.writtenD.beingwritten6 .(2013 江 苏 卷 )LionelMessi , therecordforthemostgoalsinacalendaryear , isconsideredthemosttalentedfootballplayerinEurope.学习好资料欢迎下载A.setB.settingC.tosetD.havingset7 .(2013 安徽卷)intheearly20thcentury , theschoolkeepsoninspiringchildren'sloveofart.A.TofoundB.Fou

42、ndingC.FoundedD.Havingfounded8 .(2013 湖南卷)Thesunbegantoriseinthesky, themountainingoldenlight.A.bathedB.bathingC.tohavebathedD.havingbathed9 .(2013 全国新课标卷)Theymightjusthaveaplace onthewritingcourse whydon'tyougiveitatry?A.leaveB.leftC.leavingD.toleave10 .(2012 重庆卷)We'rehavingameetinginhalfan

43、hour.Thedecision atthemeetingwillinfluencethefutureofourcompany.A.tobemadeB.beingmadeC.madeD.havingbeenmade巩固提升11 onaclearday, farfromthecitycrowds , themountainsgavehimasenseofpeace.A.WhilewalkingB.WalkingC.HewaswalkingD.Whenhewaswalking2 .withLeiFeng , westillhavealongwaytogo.A.ComparingB.Compared

44、C.TocompareD.Beingcompared3 . ICanIhavethedocumentrightnow?Ofcourse.WaitaminuteandI'llhavemysecretary itforyou.A.toprintB.printingC.printedD.print4.Ireallylikethissongasitisoftenheard everywhereinChina.A.singingB.sungC.havingsungD.tosing5 .Thedoor tomorrowwillgetdrythedayaftertomorrow.A.paintedB

45、.tobepaintedC.beingpaintedD.topaint6 .thatthegovernmentcanleadthemoutofthefinancialcrisis , peopleareoptimisticaboutthefutureofthecountry.A.ConvincingB.ConvincedC.ToconvinceD.Havingconvinced7 .Hecoulddonothingbutwhathehadsaid.A.totakebackB.tobetakenbackC.takingbackD.takeback8.IflewtoParisthismorning

46、 , myassistant metherethisFriday.A.joiningB.tojoinC.willjoinD.wantstojoin9.Australia'srelativelysmallpopulation , itsoutstandingperformanceintheOlympicGameswasreally .A.Supposing ; amazingB.Comparing ; amazedC.Considering ; amazingD.Given ; amazed10.Icameintotheclassroom , myseatandsatdowntoread

47、.A.findingB.tofindC.foundD.tobefound11.Whowouldyouratherwithyoutothecinema?A.havetogoB.havegoC.havegoneD.go12.ManybusinessmenattendedtheBoaoForumbecausetheyknewwhat fromit.A.gettingB.tobegotC.gotD.toget13.Sheseemed whoIwas, soIhadtointroducemyself.A.tonotrecognizeB.nottorecognizeC.tohavenotrecognize

48、dD.nottohaverecognized14. 一 Haveyoufinishedyourtasknow?Notyet.Somuchtimehasbeenwasted itsdetailsaimlesslythismorning.A.beingassessedB.toassessC.assessedD.assessing15.I'mgoingthroughthecompositionhehasjustfinished thepossiblemistakesinit.A.correctB.tocorrectC.havingcorrectedD.corrected1.1 Ifyouar

49、ecaught, you'llbeexpelledfromschool.A.havingcheatedB.cheatingC.tohavecheatedD.tocheat17 .tohisworkresultedinhisgreatsuccess.欢迎下载学习好资料A.DevotedB.BeingdevotedC.DevotingD.Todevote18 .thewebsiteoftheFireDepartmentinyourcity , andyouwilllearnalotaboutfirefighting.A.HavingsearchedB.TosearchC.Searching

50、D.Search19 .ThisistheveryplanthatI'dliketosee inthenexttwomonths.A.carryoutB.tobecarriedoutC.beingcarriedoutD.carriedout20.Onthebankoftheriver , wefoundhim onabeach , withhiseyes onakiteinthesky.A.seated; fixingB.sitting ; fixingC.seated ; fixedD.sitting ; beingfixed21 .Thecountryhasalreadysentu

51、pthreeunmannedspacecraft, themostrecent attheendoflastMarch.A.hasbeenlaunchedB.havingbeenlaunchedC.beinglaunchedD.tobelaunched22 .一Christine, areweleavingrightawayor?ButJoveinsistsonus inherhouseforthenight.A.stayingB.tostayC.stayedD.stay23.Iremembered thedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice, butforgottoturnoff

52、thelights.A.lockingB.tolockC.havinglockedD.tohavelocked24.Thetrafficrulesaysyoungchildrenundertheageoffourand lessthan40poundsmustbeinachildsafetyseat.A.beingweighedB.toweighC.weighedD.weighing25.Ihavealotofreadings beforetheendofthisterm.A.completingB.tocompleteC.completedD.beingcompleted26 .Hesatcalmlyont

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