高中虚拟语气导学案

1、虚拟语气By Carriecai一 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法 与现在事实相反条件从句主句一般过去时，be多用wereWould /should/could/might+动词原形与过去事实相反条件从句主句过去完成时(had done/been) Would /should/could/might+have done与将来事实相反条件从句主句if +主语+动词过去时主语+would/should/might/could+动词原形 if +主语+were to +动词原形同上 if +主语+should+动词原形同上例句：If I were you, I would go at once .

2、If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping . If you had worked, you would have passed the exam.二 介词短语代替条件句 常用介词有with, without, but for等例句：We couldnt have succeeded without your help . (if we hadnt got your help) But for the rain , we would have finished the work .(If it hadnt been for the r

3、ain)三 用一个副词或者连词表示虚拟条件句例句：He telephoned to inform me of your birthday , or I would have known nothing about it .( if he hadnt telephoned to inform)注意倒装结构如果虚拟条件句中含有were ,should ,had, 可以把if省略，而把这些词提到句首.Were I you , I wouldnt do that .Had you come earlier , you would have seen him .四 用动词的过去时表示与现在或者将来事实相

4、反，用动词的过去完成时表示与过去事实相反.1. 在wish引导的宾语从句中I wish I were as clever as you .I wish I had finished my homework yesterday .在wish后面所接的从句用would / could +动词原形表示与将来事实相反.I wish I could fly to the moon one day .2. 在as if / though 引导的表语从句或方式状语从句中He looks as if he were an artist .He talks as if he had really been to

5、 the heaven .但如果是真实条件句，则不用虚拟语气.It looks as if it is going to rain.3. If only 引导的感叹句中If only I were a bird .If only I had bought the house .4. 在would rather 后面所接的从句中I would rather you paid the money yourself .Id rather she hadnt done that .五 Its (high) time that 后的主语从句中常用过去时或should +动词原形Its high time

6、 (that) we started out .正是我们出发的时候.六 用should +动词原形构成的虚拟语气，其中should 可省略.1. Suggest ,advise ,demand ,require ,request ,desire, order, command, insist 等动词后的宾语从句The teacher suggested that we (should) not lose heart .但suggest作“暗示，表明”讲，insist作“坚持说”讲，即坚持事实是怎样的，后面不用虚拟语气.The look on his face suggested that he

7、 was angry .Mary insisted that he had never stolen anything.2. 以上动词相应的名词所接的相关的从句.My suggestion is that you （should） try another means .3. it is desired ,it is suggested, it is requested , it was ordered , it was proposed, it is necessary , it is important , it has been decided 等结构后的主语从句It is necessa

8、ry that he (should) be sent there at once . 七 虚拟语气表示委婉语气情态动词的过去时如could, would , might 表示现在时间时，说话人的某种态度：谦虚，客气，委婉，不肯定等.Could you tell me how to get to the post office ？It would be better for you not to stay up too late .探究1（2014·重庆高考）13.It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me a

9、s if I _ it?A.had doneB.have doneC.didD.am doing2（2014·北京高考）34.We _ back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map.A.areB.wereC.will beD.would be3（2014·湖南高考）22.If Mr.Dewey _ present，he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.A.wereB.had beenC.should beD.was4（2014

10、83;陕西高考）23.We would rather our daughter _ at home with us，but it is her choice，and she is not a child any longer.A.would stayB.has stayedC.stayedD.stay5（2014·天津高考）15._ the morning train，he would not have been late for the meeting.A.Did he catchB.Should he catchC.Has he caughtD.Had he caught6（20

11、14·福建高考）32._ no modern telecommunications，we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.A.Were thereB.Had there beenC.If there areD.If there have been7（2014·浙江高考）16.They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation，or they _ to our help.A.wo

12、uld have comeB.could comeC.have comeD.had come8（2014·安徽高考）30.People are recycling many things which they _ away in the past.A.had thrownB.will be throwingC.were throwingD.would have thrown9（2013·重庆高考29题）It rained cats and dogs this morning.Im glad we took an umbrella.Yeah,we would have got

13、 wet all over if we_ .A.hadntB.haventC.didntD.dont10(2013北京高考34题) If we _ a table earlier,we wouldnt be standing here in a queue.A.have bookedB.booked C.bookD.had booked11(2013·陕西高考12题)My mom suggests that we _ eat out for a change this weekend.A.should B.might C.could D.would12(2013·天津高考1

14、4题)If he had spent more time practising speaking English before,he _ able to speak it much better now.A.will be B.would be C.has been D.would have been13(2013·福建高考30题)Do you think George has passed the driving test?No.If so,he _ his car to our college yesterday.A.would drive B.drove C.would hav

15、e driven D.had driven14(2013·浙江高考8题)Eye doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam_at the age of six months old.A.was B.be C.were D.is15（2013·安徽高考28题）I to my cousins birthday party last night,but I was not available.A.wentB.had goneC.would goD.would have gone16（2013·江苏高考30题）I shou

16、ld not have laughed if I you were serious.A.thought B.would think C.had thoughtD.have thought17(2012北京高考35题)Dont handle the vase as if it _ made of steel.A.isB.wereC.has beenD.had been18(2012北京高考33 题)We _ the difficulty together,but why didnt you tell me?A.should faceB.might faceC.could have facedD.

17、must have faced19(2012湖南高考29题)Sorry,I am too busy now.If I _time,I would certainly go for an outing with you.A.have hadB.had hadC.haveD.had20(2012陕西高考17题)If my car _ more reliable, I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.A. wasB. had beenC. should beD. would be20(2012天津高考15题)We wo

18、uld have called a taxi yesterday if Harold _ us a ride home.A. didnt offerB. wouldnt offerC. hasnt offeredD. hadnt offered21（2012福建高考31题）We lost our way in that small village,otherwise we _ more places of interest yesterday.A.visitedB.had visitedC.would visitD.would have visited22（2012辽宁高考33题）Jack i

19、s a great talker.Its high time that he _ something instead of just talking.A.will doB.has doneC.doD.did23（2012浙江高考19题）Had they known what was coming next,they _ second thoughts.A.may haveB.could haveC.must have hadD.might have had25（2012安徽高考31题）Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she think

20、s if she _ there,she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often.A.livesB.would liveC.has livedD.were to live25（2012·山东高考30题）If we_ adequate preparations, the conference wouldnt have been so successful.A.havent madeB.wouldnt make C.didnt makeD.hadnt made26(2010陕西高考15题)If we_the other road,we

21、might have arrived here in time for the meeting.A.take B.had taken C.took D.have taken27（2010湖南高考29）If he_my advice,he wouldnt have lost his job.A.followed B.should follow C.had followed D.would follow28（2010北京高考34题）The weather has been very hot and dry.Yes.If it had rained even a drop,things would

22、be much better now!And my vegetables_.A.wouldnt die B.didnt die C.hadnt died D.wouldnt have died29（2010浙江高考10）Had I known about this computer program,a huge amount of time and energy_.A.would have been saved B.had been saved C.will be saved D.was saved30（2010福建高考29题）Teachers recommend parents_their

23、children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.A.not allow B.do not allow C.mustnt allow D.couldnt allow31(2010天津高考15题)John went to the hospital alone.If he_me about it,I would have gone with him.A.should tell B.tells C.told D.had told32(2010江苏高考34题)George is going to talk about the geograp

24、hy of his country,but Id rather he_more on its culture.A.focus B.focused C.would focus D.had focused33(2009安徽高考34题)But for their help，we_the program in time. A.can not finish B.will not finish C.had not finished D.could not have finished 34(2009浙江高考13题)The doctor recommended that you _swim after eat

25、ing a large meal. A.wouldn't B.couldn't C.needn't D.shouldn't 35(2009福建高考35题)But for the help of my English teacher, I_the first prize in the English Writing Competition. A.would not win B.would not have won C.would win D.would have won 能力提升 模拟精选1(2014·杭州高考科目教学质检)The voluntary s

26、ervice saved you a sum of money that you otherwise _ (spend) on the agency responsible for finding your pets.2(2014·河南洛阳统考)No sooner had the words been spoken than he realized that he _(remain) silent.3(2014·福州质量检测)What if you _(forget) to send an essay with your application?I would have b

27、een rejected.4(2014·陕西质量检测一)We are close friends. We _ (face) the problem together, but why didn't you let me know?5(2014·河北唐山统考)It was suggested that an armed guard _(stand) in readiness, protecting the president.6(2014·北京东城统一检测)Do you like the school?Yeah. I only wish the classe

28、s _(be) a little smaller.7(2014·浙江金丽衢十二校第二次联考)The upset mother thought to herself, “If only I _(know) what's going on in my little boy's head right now.”8(2014·安徽安庆二模)Had Yeats stopped writing at age 40, probably he _(be) valued as a minor poet now.9(2014·辽宁沈阳一模)It _(be) cool

29、if I won this contest. I don't think I'm good enough, though.Give it a shot. You never know.10(2014·辽宁大连三中期末)Did you make it at last?Yes. But for your help, it _ (cause) a serious loss.11(2014·湖南湘中名校一联)Max looks nervous.So _ you if you had so fierce a competiton.12(2014·浙江湖州八校

30、二次联考)It's a shame that you missed the lecture on the British culture given by Thompson.I _(attend) it, but I was busy preparing for the coming exam.13(2014·湖南师大附中一次月考)They could have escaped from the big fire, but unfortunately, someone _ (lock) the door.14(2014·湖南衡阳八中月考)Our company wi

31、ll organize a trip to Hong Kong next month. I am taking my mother there.I'd rather you _(do). After all she has just recovered from her illness and she still feels weak.15(2014·湖南长沙雅礼中学月考)We _(finish) the project on time without your timely help.16(2013·辽宁大连双基测试)If the world had ended

32、on Dec. 21st, 2012, we _ (be) able to enjoy the wonderful life now.17(2013·吉林延吉质检)The Antarctic is so mystically described by some people. If only I _(be) there before!18(2013·北京东城一模)I wish I _(share) the car journey home with my friends. Now they are watching the football match at home.19

33、(2013·辽宁大连二十四中期末)Mum, can I watch the TV program for another twenty minutes?Sorry, dear, it's time you _(go) to bed.20(2013·安徽名校联考)I can't thank you too much for your help. Without it I _(succeed) in finding my lost son.21The doctor recommended that you _ not swim after eating a la

34、rge meal.22If only I _(have) more confidence in the English speech contest held last week!23How I wish I _(be) free now!24_ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.25If I were young, I _(take) part in this camp.26My teacher urged I _(keep) a diary to improve my writ

35、ing skills.27I'd rather he _(go) to the seaside with me the day before yesterday.28My suggestion is that we _ (put) up our tents before dark.29It's vital that we _(take) our safety driving along the road seriously.30It's high time that she _(get) down to writing her graduation paper.31We

36、 had great fun on the beach last weekend.Really? How I wish I _ (go) there with you.32If my father _ (be) here yesterday, he would have stopped me from going surfing.33My sister insisted I _ (accompany) her to the supermarket.34But for her timely help, I _ (drown) in the river.35I was too busy with

37、my coming exam. Otherwise, I _ (attend) your birthday party.36I made a suggestion that he _ (set) aside some money for later use.37We were caught in the heavy rain. If only we _ (stay) at home.38If he had seen the film, he _ (tell) me about it.39The teacher recommended I _ (pay) attention to protect

38、ing my eyesight.40My grandmother required that I _ (form) the good habit of being polite.答案与解析1would have spent句意：本来你要花一大笔钱给负责帮你找宠物的那家机构的，(但)这个志愿者服务机构帮你省下了这笔钱。根据主句的时态和句中的otherwise 判断，这里表示与过去事实相反的假设，定语从句中用would have done 表示“本来要做某事”。2should have remained句意：这些话刚一说出口，他就意识到自己本该保持沉默的。由句意可知，此处是对已经发生的动作的虚拟，

39、故用should have done，表示“本该做(但没有做)某事”。3had forgotten句意：如果你在寄申请的时候忘记发送一篇论文会怎么样？我会被拒绝的。根据答语可知，问句表示与过去事实相反的假设，故应用过去完成时。4should have faced句意：我们是好朋友，本该一起面对这个问题的，可是你为什么不告诉我？题干中的but表明这里说的是与过去事实相反的假设，故用should have faced。5(should) stand此处suggest 表示“建议”，此时that 引导的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should动词原形”，且should 可以省略。6were句意

40、：你喜欢这个学校吗？是的。我只希望我们的班级小一些。在wish 后的宾语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，此处表示对现在情况的一种假设，谓语动词要用过去式。7knewif only 表示“要是就好了”，谓语动词使用虚拟语气。根据“right now”可知，此处表示对现在的虚拟，因此谓语动词用过去式。8would be句意：假设Yeats 在40岁时就不写诗了，那么现在他或许就会被评价为一位名不见经传的诗人了。从句意看，状语从句叙述的是与过去事实相反的假设，从句使用了过去完成时，而主句的时间状语now 表示这里叙述的是与现在事实相反的结果，应用“would动词原形”。9would be句意：我要是能

41、赢这场比赛就太好了。但是我想我不够出色。试试看，很难说。通过句意和won得知，本句为表示将来的虚拟，所以设空处填would be。10would/could have caused句意：最后你成功了吗？是的，要不是你的帮助，将/可能会有很大的损失。本句为与过去事实相反的假设，所以可用should/would/could/might have done 的形式。但should常用于第一人称，might 常用于可能性很小。11would句意：马克斯看上去很紧张。如果是你参加这么激烈的比赛，你也会紧张的。本句中主句和if 条件从句都表示和现在事实相反的假设，可改为：You would also lo

42、ok nervous if you had so fierce a competiton.然后考虑采用“sobe动词/助动词/情态动词主语”句型替换主句形式。12would/should have attended句意：真遗憾你错过了汤普森所作的有关英国文化的讲座。我本想/应该参加的，但是我正忙于准备即将到来的考试。根据题干中的was busy 可知设空处表示与过去事实相反，故答案为would/should have attended。13had locked句意：他们本可以从大火中逃出来，但不幸的是，有人把门锁上了。根据题干中“could have escaped”可判断该句为与过去事实相反

43、的虚拟语气，故设空处表示过去；lock 先于could have escaped，即表示“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时态。14didn't句意：我们公司下个月将组织到香港旅游，我打算带我妈妈去那里。我宁可你不带她，毕竟她刚刚从病中恢复，身体还很虚弱。would rather 接从句的时候，从句的谓语用一般过去时表示对现在或将来的虚拟。15wouldn't/couldn't have finished句意：如果没有你的及时帮助，我们就不能按时完成那项工程了。without your timely help 相当于含蓄条件从句，即if it hadn't been for your timely help，是和过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故句子谓语动词用wouldn't/couldn't have done 形式。16wouldn't be句意：如果世界在2012年12月21日灭亡了的话，我们现在就不会享受精彩的生活了。if 从句与过去事实相反，而主句与现在事实相反，故答案为wouldn't be。17had been句意：南极地区被一些人描述得很神奇。我要是去过那