2018届高考英语专题复习(江苏)：任务型阅读(有详细答案)

1、专题10一任务型阅读1.【2017年高考江苏卷英语】任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个.最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。Population ChangeWhy is the world s population growing? The answer is not what you might think. The reason for the explosion is not that people have been reproducing like rabbit

2、s, but that people have stopped dropping dead like flies. In 1900, people died at the average age of 30. By 2000 the average age was 65. But while increasing health was a typical feature of the 20th century, declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st.Statistics show that the average nu

3、mber of births per woman has fallen from 4.9 in the early 1960s to2.5 nowadays. Furthermore, around 50% of the world s population live in regions whers thowfigubelow the replacement level (i.e. 2.1 births per woman) and almost all developed nations are experiencing sub-replacement birth rate. You mi

4、ght think that developing nations would make up the loss (especially since 80% of the world s people now live in such nations), but you d be wrong. Declining birth rate imajor problem in many developing regions too, which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades.A

5、 great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China, for instance. What does it imply? First, China needs to undergo rapid economic development before a population zxxk decline hits the country. Second, if other factors such as technology remain constant, economic growth and material expe

6、ctations will fall well below recent standards and this could invite trouble.Russia is another country with population problems that could break its economic promise. Since 1992the number of people dying has been bigger than that of those being born by a massive 50%. Indeed official figures suggest

7、the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in 1961. Why is this occurring? Nobody is quite sure, but poor diet and above all long-time alcoholism have much to do with it . If current trends don t bend, Russia s population will be about the sizeof

8、Yemen s by the year 2050.In the north of India, the population is booming due to high birth rates, but in the south, where most economic development is taking place, birth rate is falling rapidly. In a further twist, birth rate is highest inpoorly educated rural areas and lowest in highly educated u

9、rban areas. In total, 25% of India-agepopulation has no education. In 2030, a sixth of the country pstential work force could be totally uneducated.One solution is obviously to import foreign workers via immigration. As for the USA, it is almost unique among developed nations in having a population

10、that is expected to grow by 20% from 20102030.Moreover, the USA has a t rack record of successfully accepting immigrants. As a result it s likely torise in the size of its working-age population and to witness strong economic growth over the longer term.Population ChangeThe birth rate in the 21st ce

11、ntury may be much 71 than it was m the 20th.Decline af the birth rateIt would be difficult for developed ccuntnes to maintain the 72 of populationThe impact of dropping birth rate on developing countries may not be 73.but disastrous.Population and ?4 pressureTo guarantee its econoimc growth, China n

12、eeds to deal with the population issue properly, as its woifcers are getting 15 .The 76_ dearth of Russians may result in a shrinking population, which would damage its economic future. Il would be tetter if it can change peoples way of 77.Leaving aside the birth rate issue, Indias economy may take

13、off vdien thecountry achieves 78.of educatianal opportunity.The USA vwll increase, from 2010-2030, its population by 20% through(7 9). This vwll (80)for the lack of young work force.American solution71.【答案】lower【解析】根据declining birth rate could be a defining one of the 21st 可知，21 世纪的出生率比20世纪低，且 much/

14、 even/far/a lot/ a little 等修饰比较级，故填 lower。 72.【答案】size/scale【解析】根据第二段中的almost all developed nations are experiencing sub-replacement birthrate可知，发达国家人口出生率正在下降，即人口难以维持现有的规模，maintain 一词是做题的依据，故填size/scale。73 .【答案】 immwiiate1 解析】根据第二段中的which lEssht cause caiastrophic globai shoitages of woric force 喃由i

15、n a %w 曲曲仃“中的“由切口 a few decades”可知.出生率昕联对发展中国家和全球的i肖报影响还没有发生，由 此联想到H影响不是立即产生的”。74 .【答案】economic【解析】接下来几段分别讲了中国、俄罗斯、印度的人口与经济问题，根据economic developmentbefore a population decline hits the country 可知答案。75 .【答案】old/older【解析】 根据A great decline in young work force is likely to occur in China 可知，中国可能会迎 来年轻劳

16、动力的危机，故填 older o76 .【答案】earlier【解析】 根据 the country has shrunk by 5% since 1993 and people in Russia live a shorter life now than those in 1961but poor diet and above all long-time alcoholism have much to do with it 可知， 俄罗 斯人口由于缩短的寿命而急剧下降。77 .【答案】living/life【解析】此处是说，如果俄罗斯人改变他们的生活方式，他们的情况可能会好一些。78 .【答

17、案】equality【解析】 根据倒数第二段中的but in the south, where most economic development is taking place,birth rate is falling rapidly 可知，教育可以降低出生率，因此，可以通过普及教育来抑制人口增长。79 .【答案】immigration【解析】 根据最后段中的One solution is obviously to import foreign workers via immigration. 可知，通过移民来引入外来工人是解决劳动力短缺的一种方法。80 .【答案】compensate【解

18、析】根据最后一段中的Moreover, the USA has a track record of successfully acceptingimmigrants. As a result it s likely to see a rise in the size of -agwcpoinglation” 可知, 美国的移民政策将会使劳动力有所增加。接纳移民可以弥补劳动力的短缺。2.【江苏省泰州市泰州中学2018届高三上学期开学考试】任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，茜分10分) 请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最拾当的单词。 注意：每个空格只填一个单词。请将答

19、案写在答题卡上相应的横线上。“Thegaokao, Chinas national college entrance exam, is winning more recognition as a way for universities overseas to evaluate Chinese students, recruiting officerssaid.Stanley Nel, vice-president of international relations at the University of San Francisco in the United States, who is

20、 responsible for the universitys admissions from China, said he had had several inquiries from US universities about how to recruit Chinese students on the basis of their gaokao scores.The Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) and the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) have long been two musts f

21、or students from other counties, including China, to apply to study in the US.USF, a private university in California, started a pilot program to accept Chinese students based on their gaokao scores in 2015. The idea came from USF President Paul Fitzgeralds belief that standardized tests like the SA

22、T are not very good predictors of how well students will do at the university. We are aware of the many criticisms that have been made of the gaokao, but it has the advantage of being what educational experts call a criterion-referenced exam: It tests whether students are able to master a given body

23、 of knowledge, he said.Currently, at least four higher education institutions in the US are recruiting Chinese students based on their gaokao performances. The Illinois Institute of Technology, a private institution in Chicago, started the practice first, in 2009. Outside the US, countries including

24、 Spain, Italy, Singapore, France and Australia also recognize gaokao scores.More than 200 students from China requested an interview with USF last year. 74 of them were selected for a follow-up interview,44 received offers and 20 accepted the invitation and joined USF for the 2015 fall semester. Stu

25、dents admitted in this way have done exceptionally well in the past academic year, Nel added. The average GPA for all gaokao students is about 3. 5 out of 4. For all other students American and non-gaokao international studentsAmerican and non-gaokao internationalstudents the average GPA is 3. 2,he

26、said.Zhu Zihao gained admission in computer sciences at USF in 2015 through the program and performedwell in his first academic year. He said that students who had experienced Chinas gaokao usually had comprehensive basic knowledge, which helps them excel in studies.Nel said, students admitted throu

27、gh Chinas gaokao are not only smart but extremely conscientious(认真的)and hardworking.This year we hope to recruit about 50 students in this way, and even more in years to come, he said.The gaokaoPast situationUniversities in the US evaluated Chinese students according to two (1):The Test of English a

28、s a Foreign Language and the Scholastic Aptitude Test.(2)_situationThe gaokao is increasingly(3)as a way of evaluating Chinese students byuniversities abroad.(4)_of thepeople concernedStanley Nelthe person responsible for the university s admissic from China Chinesestudents having received good scor

29、es in the gaokao performed academically well when studying in America.ns Chinesestudents admitted through China gaokao are smart, conscientious and (5).Paul Fitzgerald USFPresident Despite the 6)the gaokao has received, ithas its advantages. It tests students (7)tomaster a given body of knowledge. S

30、ome standardized tests cannot(8)studentsperformance at the university well.Zhu Zihao a studentadmitted to USF in 2015The(9)of the gaokao is helpful for theperformance at the university well.FuturesituationMore Chinese students will be recruited by the universities overseas(10)on their performance in

31、 the gaokao.【答案】1. musts 2. Present/Current 3. recognized 4. Opinions/Views/Ideas/Beliefs 5.hardworking6. criticisms 7. ability8. predict9. experience10. based【分析】1 .信息查找题。根据 The Test of English as a Foreign Language and the Scholastic Aptitude Test.可以定 位到原文的第三段 The Test of English as a Foreign Lang

32、uage (TOEFL) and the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) have long been two musts 所以填原词 musts 必要条件”。2 .信息查找题。根据 universities abroad 可以定位到原文第五段 Currently, at least four higher education institutions in the US are recruiting Chinese students based on their gaokao performances.可知应该填 Current/Present situatio

33、n 现状。3 .信息查找题。根据原文第一段，可知将 recognition替换成表格中的be recognized as被当成，被认 可。4 .总结概括题。根据表格右侧的内容可知，左侧应该是总结：相关人物的观点，故填 Opinions/Views/Ideas/Beliefs 。5 . 信息查找题。 根据 conscientious 可以定位原文最后段：not only smart but extremely conscientious(认真的)and hardworking.6 .信息查找题。根据Paul Fitzgerald可以定位到原文第四段， 其中 We are aware of the

34、 many criticisms that have been made of the gaokao, but it has the advantage of being what educational experts call a criterion-referenced exam:。but 作为转折可以替换成 despite of criticism o7 .信息查找题。根据第四段的最后一句It tests whether students are able to master a given body ofknowledge ,斗各 be able to 换成 ability。8 .信

35、息查找题。根据 standardized tests 可以定位原文的第四段standardized tests like the SAT are notvery good predictors of how well students will do at the university 可以得出 cannot 后填动词原形 predict。9 .信息查找题。根据 Zhu zihao可以定位到倒数第二段He said that students who had experiencedChinas gaokao usually had comprehensive basic knowledge,

36、which helps them excel in studies.表格中用experience 名词。10 .信息查找题。卞据原文第4段开头accept Chinese students based on their gaokao scores不难得出应该填basedo11 【南京、盐城20162017学年第一次模拟考试】任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个,最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填1个单词。Until about 18 years ago, it was widely

37、assumed that most of brain development occurs in the first few years of life. But recent research on the human brain has shown that many brain regions undergo prolonged development throughout adolescence and beyond in humans. This advancement in knowledge has increased old worries and given rise to

38、new ones. It is hugely worrying that so many teenagers around the world don t have access to education at a time when their brains are still developing and being shaped by the environment. We should also worry about our lack of understanding of how our rapidly changing world is shaping the developin

39、g teenage brain.Decades of research on early neurodevelopment suggested that the environment influences brain development. During the first few months or years of life, an animal must be exposed to particular visual or auditory stimuli （ 听觉刺激 ）for the associated brain cells and connections to develo

40、p. In this way, neuronal circuitry （神经元回路 ）is shaped according to the environment during sensitiveperiods of brain development. This research has focused mostly on early development of sensory brain regions. What about later development of higher-level brain regions, which are involved in decision-m

41、aking, control and planning, as well as social understanding and self-awareness? We know these brain regions continue to develop throughout adolescence. However, we have very little knowledge about how environmental factors influence the developing teenage brain. This is something that should concer

42、n us.There s a lot of concern about the hours some teenagers spend online and playing video games. But maybe all this worry is misplaced. After all, throughout history humans have worried about the effects of new technologies on the minds of the next generation. When the printing press was invented,

43、 there was anxiety about reading corrupting young people minds, and the same worries were repeated for the invention of radio and television. Maybe we shouldn t be worried at all. It s possible that the dbrains of today s teenagers are going to be the most adaptable, creative-tasiWtng brains that ha

44、ve ever existed. There is evidence from adults that playing video games improves a range of cognitive functions such as divided attention and working memory. Much less is known about how gaming, social networking and so on, influence the developing adolescent brain. We don t know whether the effects

45、 of new technologies on the developing brain are positive, negative or neutral. We need to find out.Adolescence is a period of life in which the brain is developing and shapeable, and it represents a good opportunity for learning and social development. However, according to UNICEF, 40% of the world

46、 s teenagers do not have access to secondary school education. The percentage of teenage girls who have no access to education is much higher, and yet there is strong evidence that the education of girls in developing countries has multiple significant benefits for family health, population growth r

47、ates, child mortality rates, HIV rates as well as for women-esteem a n& quality of life. Adolescence represents atime of brain development when teaching and training should be particularly beneficial. I worry about the lost opportunity of denying the world s teenagers access to education.Worrying ab

48、out the teenage brainIntroductionDifferent from the previous researches, a new one reveals that brain development will (1) even in the teenage years and beyond, which(2)some worries.Various factors(3)theteenage brainand new worries Particular visual or auditory stimuli are a must for animals to (4)

49、neuronal circuitry at the early time of life. We should be (5)about what influence the environment has onthe developing teenage brain. Humans always face new technologies with a sense of anxiety that young people s minds are (6).We are supposed to find out what kind of role new technologies play in

50、the of the teenage brain. Education is of great (8) in adolescence when the brain isdeveloping and being shaped. However, it isn )to ttwo fifths ofthe world s teenagers, girls in particular.We are expected to be (10)of the effects of education on the developinbrains.【答案】 1. continue 2. causes 3. aff

51、ecting/influencing 4. shape 5. concerned/worried/anxious6. corrupted 7. development 8. importance/significance/benefit 9. accessible/available 10. aware/conscious【分析】1 .句意理解题，对应原文 But recent research on the human brain has shown that many brain regions undergo prolonged development throughout adoles

52、cence and beyond in humans.中的 undergo prolonged development可知整个青少年时期人的大脑的生长发展都一直不断进行着，得出答案。2 .句意理解题， 定位至ij原文“This advancement in knowledge has increased old worries and given rise tonew ones.甲找到核心短语：has increased old worries 徒增烦恼，也就是导致、造成烦恼，只有cause 符合，注意三单。3 .总结概括题，根据后面的六点可以反推这里在讲影响大脑的一些因素，原文第二段最后也有

53、提示：we have very little knowledge about how environmental factors influence the developing teenage brain. 但注意缺词空所在的不是句子是名词短语，所以不能填 influence的谓语动词形式。4 .句意理解题，对应原文 “an animal must be exposed to particular visual or auditory stimuli（听觉刺激 ）for the associated brain cells and connections to develop. In thi

54、s way, neuronal circuitry（ 神经元回路 ）is shaped according to the environment during sensitive periods of brain development.这里是拿neuronalcircuitry 做主语是被 particular visual or auditory stimuli 塑造（be shaped）,另B以 particular visual or auditory stimuli 做主语就是塑造 （shape）了 neuronal circuitry.5 .信息查找题，根据文章 “However,

55、we have very little knowledge about how environmental factors influence the developing teenage brain. This is something that should concern us.可知人们对这些 environmental factors并不熟悉和确定，所以持担忧的态度，可以将句尾的concern加上ed改成形容词，也可以用 worried或anxious。6 .信息查找题。定位至U原文：When the printing press was invented, there was anx

56、iety about readingcorrupting young people minds, and the same worries were repeated for the invention of radio and television.和表格里的句子进行比较找到核心词corrupting ,表格据前面有 be动词为被动句，答案为corrupted。7 .信息查找题， 对应名田节： We don t know whether the effects of new technologies on the developing brain are positive, negative

57、 or neutral. We need to find out. 找到核心词汇 developing , 空格音B分需填名词，所 以转换为名词形式。8 .句意理解题。 对应细节： Adolescence is a period of life in which the brain is developing and shapeable, and it represents a good opportunity for learning and social development. 再力口上缺词空 be of great sth 的 句型可知答案：importance/significanc

58、e/benefit 。9 .信息查找题。 对应细节：40% of the world s teenagers do not have access to secondary school education. The percentage of teenage girls who have no access to education is much higher,文中的 40%的人对应 two fifths of the world s teenagers; have no access to education应 be accessible/available to。10 .总结概括题，对应细节Adolescencerepresents a time of brain development when teaching andtraining s