材料成型工艺基础部分

1、材料成型工艺基础部分0绪论金属材料：metal material (MR)高分子材料：high-molecular material陶瓷材料：ceramic material复合材料：composition material成形工艺：formation technology1铸造铸造工艺： casting technique铸件：foundry goods (casting )机器零件： machine part ¥ .T l 1.毛坯：blankJ li I;J I,' I；力学性能：mechanical property砂型铸造：sand casting process型

2、砂：foundry sandI I'l I / 'ti.1.1 铸件成形理论基础v j- i. 'ii IJX I |合金：alloy铸造性能：casting property工艺性能： processing property收缩性：constringency偏析，性：aliquation氧化性：oxidizability吸气性：inspiratory铸件结构：casting structure使用性能：service performance浇不足：misrun冷隔：cold shut夹渣：cinder inclusion粘砂：sand fusion缺陷：flaw, d

3、efect, falling流动性：flowing power铸型：cast (foundry mold)蓄热系数：thermal storage capacity浇注：pouring凝固：freezing收缩性：constringency逐层凝固：layer-by-layer freezing糊状凝固：mushy freezingi 'i 工-结晶：crystalC XX I I缩孔：shrinkage void缩松：shrinkage porosity顺序凝固：progressive solidification冷铁：iron chill补缩：feeding等温线法： consta

4、nt temperature line method内接圆法：inscribed circle method铸造应力：casting stress变形：deforming裂纹：crack机械应力：mechanical stress热应力：heat stress本目变应力：transformation stress气孔：blow hole铸铁：ingot铸钢:cast steel三营铁合金：nonferrous alloy灰铸铁：gray cast-iorn孕育处理：inoculation球墨铸铁：spheroidal球化处理：sheroidisation可锻铸铁：ductile cast ir

5、on石墨：graphite蠕墨铸铁：vermicular cast iron热处理：heat processing铝合金：Al-alloy熔炼：fusion metallurgy铜合金：copper alloy氢脆：hydrogen brittleness1.2 铸造方法(casting method )来源网络，仅供参考手工造型：hand moulding机器造型： machine moulding金属型： metal mold casting金属模：permanent mould压力铸造： press casting熔模铸造：investment moulding蜡膜：cere离心铸造：c

6、entrifugal casting低压铸造： casting under low pressure差压铸造： counter-pressure casting陶瓷型铸造：shaw process1.3 铸造工艺设计浇注位置：pouring position分型面：mould joint活块：loose piece起模：patter drawing"a. " u-C 'J. | j型芯：core型芯撑：chaplet工艺参数：processing parameter下芯：core setting合型：mould assembly冒 口 ： casting head尺

7、寸公差：dimensional tolerance尺寸公差带：tolerance zone机械力口工余量：machining allowance铸孔：core hole非标准：nonstandard label 收缩率：rate of contraction 线收缩：linear contraction 体收缩：volume contraction 起模斜度：pattern draft铸造圆角： curving of castings 芯头：core register芯头间隙：clearance芯座：core print seat分型线：joint line分模线：die parting li

8、ne1.4 铸造结构工艺性加强筋：rib reinforcement v X - j-i I撒砂：stuccoing内腔：entocoele2金属塑性加工塑性加工:plastic working 塑性：plastic property 锻造：forge work 冲压：punching轧制：rolling拉拔：drawing挤压：extruding名田化晶粒：grain refinement热锻：hit-forging温锻：warm forging2.1 金属塑性加工理论基础塑性变形：plastic yield力口工硬化：work-hardening韧性：ductility回复温度：retur

9、n temperature再结晶：recrystallize再结晶退火：full annealing冷变形：cold deformation热变性：heat denaturation锻造比：forging ratio锻粗：upset拔长：pull out纤维组织：fibrous tissue锻造性能：forging property可锻性：forgeability变形抗力：resistance of deformation化学成分：chemical constitution 来源网络，仅供参考热脆性:hot brittleness冷脆性：cold-shortness变形速度：deformati

10、on velocity应力状态：stress condition变形温度：deformation temperature过热：overheating过烧：burning脱碳：carbon elimination始锻温度：initiation forging temperature终锻温度：final forging temperature2.2 金属塑性加工方法自 由锻：flat-die hammer冲孔：jetting弯曲：bend弯曲半径： bending radius! |'l j - > 二,：”、切割：cut t,1. X I扭转：twist rotation错移：of

11、fsetting锻接：percussion基本工序：basic process辅助工序：auxiliary process精整工序：finishing process模锻：contour forging锻模：forging die胎膜锻：fetal membrane forging剪床：shearing machine冲床：backing-out punch冲裁：blanking弹性变形：elastic distortion塑性变形：plastic yield剪切变形：shearing deformation最小弯曲半径： minimum bending radius曲率：angularity

12、弯裂：rupture回弹：rebound辐轧：roll forming辐锻：roll forging斜轧：oblique rolling横轧：transverse rolling"a. " u-" «c . X . I I_3"迂 J辗压：tamping drum挤压：extruding拉拔：draft2.3 塑性加工工艺设计工艺规程：process specification锻件图：forging drawing敷料：dressing锻件余量：forging allowance锻件公差：forging tolerance工夹具：clampin

13、g apparatus力口热设备：firing equipment力口热规范：heating schedule冷去哪范： cooling schedule后续处理：after treatment分模面：die parting face冲孑1连皮： punching the wad模锻斜度：draft angle圆角半径：radius of corner圆饼类锻件： circumcresent cake-like forging | I;',J b11,1长轴类锻件：long axis-like forging2.4 锻件结构工艺性锥体：conei 'i j . X y斜面：ca

14、nt v X - j-i II, W，空间 曲线：curve in space粗糙度：degree of roughness2.5冲压件结构工艺性3焊接焊接：welding钟接：riverting熔焊：fusion welding压焊：press welding钎焊：braze welding3.1 焊接理论基础冶金： metallurgy电弧焊：arc welding气焊：acetylene welding电渣焊：electro-slag welding高能束焊：high energy welding电子焊：electronic welding激光焊：laser welding等离子焊：pl

15、asma welding电弧：electric arc阳极区：anode region阴极区：negative polarity弧柱区：arc stream正接法：electrode negative method"a. " u-一反接法：opposition method脱氧齐ij ： deoxidizing agent焊缝：welded seam焊缝区：weld zone熔合区：fusion area热影 响 区： heat-affected zone脆性断裂：brittle fracture 来源网络，仅供参考过热区：overheated zone正火区：normal

16、ized zone相变区：phase change zone焊接应力：welding stress收缩变形：contraction distortion角变形：angular deformation弯曲变形：bend deformation扭曲变形：warping deformation波浪变形：wave transformation反变形法：reversible deformation method刚性固定法：rigid fixing method/ I I 1 CV预热：warming-up： li h',J b1 i,1缓冷：slow cool焊后热处理：postweld hea

17、t treatment矫形处理：shape-righting3.2 焊接方法v j- i. 'ii I於.7.W.I埋弧焊：hidden arc welding气体保护焊：gas shielded arc welding瀛弧焊：argon welding熔化极瀛弧焊： consumable electrode argon welding鸨极瀛弧焊：argon tungsten-arc welding二氧化碳气体保护焊：CO gas shielded arc welding碳弧焊：carbon arc welding碳弧气包“： carbon arc air gouging电渣焊：ele

18、ctro-slag welding高能焊:high grade energy welding等离子弧切割：plasma arc cutting (PAC)堆焊：bead weld电阻焊：resistance welding电焊:electric welding缝焊：seam welding压焊：press welding多点 凸焊： multiple projection welding对焊：welding neck摩擦焊：friction welding扩散焊：diffusion welding硬钎料：brazing alloy软钎料：soft solder3.3 常用金属材料的焊接 X j

19、- i. 'ii I焊接性：weldability焊接方法：welding method焊接材料：welding material焊条：electrode焊齐ij: flux material碳素专冈：carbon steel低碳钢:low carbon steel中碳专冈： medium carbon steel高碳钢:high carbon steel彳氐合金专冈：lean alloy steel不锈钢:non-corrosive steel有色金属：nonferrous metal3.4 焊接工艺设计型材：sectional bar药皮：coating焊丝：soldering w

20、ire连续焊缝：continuous weld 断续焊缝：intermittent weld¥ .T l 1 i I ' C_应力集中：stress concentration： li h'.J I.11；焊接接头：soldered joint坡口： groove对接：abutting joint I'i i 'A. y y搭接：lap joint角接：corner joint4 粉末冶金(power metallurgy )粉末冶金成品：finished power metallurgical product铁氧体：ferrite硬质合金：sinte

21、red-carbide高熔点金属：high-melting metal陶瓷：ceramic来源网络，仅供参考4.1 粉末冶金工艺理论基础压坯：pressed compact扩散：diffusion烧结：agglomeration固溶:solid solubility化合：combination4.2 粉末冶金的工艺流程制备：preparation预处理：anticipation还原法：reduction method电解法：electrolytic method雾化法：atomization粒度：grain size松装密度：loose density流动性：flowing power压缩性：

22、compressibility 筛分：screen separation混合：compounding帝U粒：pelletization过烧：superburning欠烧：underburnt5金属复合成型技术自蔓延焊接：SHS welding热等静压：HIP准热等静压：PHIP5.1 液态成型技术与固态成型技术的复合 高压铸造：high-pressure casting 电磁泵：magnetic-pump压射成型：injection molding柱塞：plunger piston冲头：drift pin凝固法：freezing method挤压法：extrusion method转向节：kn

23、uckle pivot制动器：arresting gear5.2 金属半凝固、半熔融成型技术凝固：freezing半熔融：semi-vitreous'l i ,.s触变铸造：thixotropy casting"a. " u-c . ，. 1.X . I i触变锻造：thixotropy forging注射成型：injection molding5.3 其他金属成型新技术快速凝固：flash set非晶态：amorphous溢流法：press over system喷射沉积：ejecting deposit爆炸复合法： explosion cladding meth

24、od扩散焊接：diffusion welding挤压：extruding 轧制:roll down6非金属材料成型技术6.1高分子材料成型技术高分子材料：non-metal material耐腐蚀：resistant material绝缘：insulation老化：ageing耐热性：heat-durability粘弹性:viscoelasticity塑料：plastic material橡胶：rubber合成纤维：synthetic fibre1'.J> :,二:二-涂料：covering material .J XX I I粘结齐： agglomerant粘度：viscosity热塑性塑料：thermoplastic plastics 热固性塑料：thermosetting plastic 通用塑料：general-purpose plastics 工程塑料：engineering plastic 薄膜：thin film增强塑料：reinforced plastics 浇注塑料：pouring plastics 注射塑料：injiection plastics 挤出塑料：extrusion plastics 吹塑塑料：blowing plastics 模压塑料： die pressing plastics 聚合物：plo