动词的ing或ed形式做定语讲解与练习--总结

1、用作定语时，动词的-ing形式既包括动名词又包括现在分词，动词的-ed形式仅是动词过去分词。动词的-ing形式做定语在句中通常有两个位置，如果是单个的动词的-ing形式做定语，常放在被修饰词前做 前置定语；如果是动词的-ing形式的短语做定语，常放在被修饰词后做后置定语。如：1. He is an attacking player.他是一个攻击型的运动员。（表示运动员的特征）2. He asked an embarrassing question.他提了一个令人难堪的问题。（表示 “令人 .”）3. A little child learning to walk often falls.学走路

2、的小孩常常跌跤。（表示被修饰词的动作或状态，动词短语后置）4. Do you know the number of people coming to the party?你知道来参加晚会的人数吗 ?（表示被修饰词的动作或状态，动词短语后置 ）注意：当-ing形式做后置定语时，可以相当于相应的定语从句。如口:1. A young man writing novels came to speak to us yesterday.t A young man who writes novels came to speak to us yesterday.一位写小说的青年昨天来向我们作报告。2. The

3、 girl sitting next to me was my cousin.t The girl who was sitting next to me was my cousin.坐在我旁边的姑娘是我表妹。另外需要注意的是上面做定语的动词-ing形式表示的动作是正在进行的工作或习惯性的动作，如果和主句谓语的动作不能同时发生时，则不能用-ing形式做定语而必须用定语从句形式。如：昨天来我们学校的那位教授在明天给我们做报告。3. The professor who came to our school yesterday will give us a lecture tomorrow.不正确的表

4、述：The professor coming to our school yesterday will give us a lecture tomorrow.总结：-ing形式做定语通常从以下三方面考查，即：1）说明被修饰词的性质，特征或用途。如：1. They set up an operating table in a small temple.他们将手术台架设在一座小庙里。2. He may be in the reading room, for all I know.他说不定在阅览室里。3. Ladies and gentlemen, please go and wait in the

5、 meeting room.女士们先生们，请去会议室等待。2）与被修饰词为主动关系且表示正在进行的动作或习惯性的动作。如：1. There were about 200 children studying in the art school.有大约二百个孩子在这所艺术学校学习。2. Who is the woman talking to our English teacher?正在和我们英语老师谈话的那位妇女是谁？3）有些-ing 形式已经转化成形容词，常做定语用来修饰物，表示“令人”。常用的此类词有:exciting,amusing,amazing,astonishing,shocking,

6、puzzling,confusing,disappointing,discouraging,pleasing,striking,boring,tiring,touching,moving,interesting, satisfying, terrifying, frightening等。女口:那准时一段可怕的经历。那项试验是一个惊人的成功这本书缺了一页。I. That must have been a terrifying experience.2. The experiment was an amazing success.3. There is a page missing from th

7、is book.4）有些-ing形式已经转化成名词，常做定语用来修饰物这些电镜扫描照片The scanning electron micrographs除了 -ing形式能做定语外，如果-ing形式与被修饰词是被动关系，就用它的被动式，即being done. being doing通常表示正在被做，常做后置定语。如：1. The tall building being built now is our new school.正在被建的高楼是我们的新学校。2. The question being discussed was presented by the headmaster.正在被讨论的

8、问题是被校长提岀的。-ing形式做定语专练1. The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the.A.20 dollars remainedB.20 dollars to remainC.remained 20 dollarsD.remaining 20 dollars.2. The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanketthe desert.A.covering B.coveredC.cover D.to cover3was told that there were

9、about 50 foreign studentsChinese in the school, mostwere from Germany.A.study;of whomB.study;of themC.studying;of themD.studying;of whom4. The questionat present has something important to do with our daily life.A.to be discussingB.to discussC.been discussedD.being discussed5. China is acountryto th

10、e third world.A.developed;belongsB.developing;belongingC.developing;belongsD.developed;belonged6. -Who is the manto the teacher?-A model workerour school.A.talks,visitsB.is talking;is visitingC.talking;visitingD.talking;visited7. How many of us, say,a meeting that has nothing to do with us will be i

11、nterestedin the discussion?A.attend B.attending C.to attend D.have attended8. The flowerssweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A.to smell B.smelling C.smelt D.to be smelt答案:D A D D B C B B一、动词-ed形式作定语过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很紧，渐渐地成为一个复合词。这种分词叫分词形容词，实际上相当于一个单纯的形容词 ，除表示已完成”

12、的动作之外，还表示被动”的意 义。如：spoken English （英语口语）;iced beer （冰冻啤酒）；cooked food （熟食）;fried chips （炸土豆条）; 但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示完成”的动作，而不表示 被动”意义。如：boiledwater（开水）;fallen leaves（落叶）;the risen sun（升起的太阳）等。1. The tall man is a returned student .高个子的那个人是个归国留学生。2. My parents are both retired teachers .我的父母都是退休教师。（1）前置定

13、语单个的动词-ed形式，一般放在被修饰的名词的前面，作前置定语。The excited people rushed into buildi ng.激动的人们冲进大楼。Lost time can never be found again . 虚度的时光 ,无法挽回。（2）后置定语 少数单个动词的-ed形式，如left等，只能作后置定语。1. Everything used should be marked .所有用过的东西应该做好标记。2. The books left are for my students .剩下的书是给我的学生的。 动词-ed形式短语作定语时，通常要放在被修饰的名词的后面，

14、在意思上相当于一个定语从句。1. Is there an ythi ng pla nned for to ni ght?今晚有什么活动吗 ？（=That has bee n pla nned for toni ght）2. The meeti ng, atte nded by a lot of people, was a success .这次会议有很多人出席,开得很成功。（=which was atte nded by a lot of people）1) Most of the artists to the party were from South Africa.A. in vited

15、B. to in viteC. being in vitedD. had bee n in vited2) The first text booksfor teach ing En glish as a foreig n Ian guage came out in the 16thcen tury.A. havi ng writtenB. to be writte nC. being writte n D. writte n3) The Olympic games,in 776 BC, did n't in clude wome n players until 1912.A. firs

16、t play ingB. to be first played C. first playedD. to be first play ing4) Prices of daily foodsthrough a computer can be lower tha n prices in stores.A. are bought B. boughtC. bee n boughtD. buying5) Mr. Smith,of the speech, started to read ano vel.A. tired, bori ngB. tiri ng, boredC. tired, boredD.

17、tiri ng, bori ng二、动词-ed形式作表语过去分词作表语并无完成”或 被动”之意，而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等。如：He looked worried after reading the letter .看完信后,他显得很忧虑。When we heard of it, we were deeply moved .当我们听到这件事时，被深深地感动了。He seemed quite delighted at the idea . 听到这个想法,他似乎很高兴。作表语的-ed形式可被 much, very, quite等所修饰。I was very pleased at the new

18、s听了这消息我很高兴。He grew much tired of the work他十分厌倦这工作。He seemed quite delighted at the idea.听了这想法他似乎很高兴。"Cleaning women in big cities usually getby thehour.A. payC. paid.payingD. to pay2) As we joined the big crowd I gotfrom myfriends.A. separatedC. lost.sparedD. missed3) The pilot asked all the pa

19、ssengers on board toremainas the plane was making a landing.A. seatB. seatingC. seatedD to be seating三、动词-ed形式作宾语补足语能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动 词,表示被动意义或已完成意义，有时候两者兼而有 之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾 关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。如：She found the door broken in whenshe came back她回来时发现有人破门而人。My grandfather had his old house rebu

20、ilt我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子。动词-ed形式作宾语补足语的基本用法动词的-ed形式可以在 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补 足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。在这一结构中，动词-ed形式和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系。如果这种 句子改为被动语态，原来的宾语补足语变成了主语补足 语。1. I must get my bike repaired我必须请人修理自行车。（宾语补足语）2. The girl was found beaten black and blue人们发现那女孩被打得青一块紫一块。(主语补足语)(1) 动词-ed形式可作表示感觉和心理状态的动词的宾语补足语，这类动词包括 see, h

21、ear, watch, notice, feel, find, think, suppose, conside等。I have never heard him spokenill of others.我从未听过有人说他的坏话。She felt a great weighttaken off her mind.她觉得心里轻松了些。They consideredthe matter settled他们认为这问题解决了。(2) 动词-ed形式可作使役动词的宾语补足语,这类动词包括make, get, have, keep, leave, hold等。I have my hair cut once a

22、 month 我每个月理一次发。He was trying to make himself understood他正努力使别人听懂自己。She held her hands pressed against her face.她用双手按着脸。“ have宾语+done”结构有三个含义： （请人）把某事做完。She had her house repaired她请人把屋子修好了。Where did you have your hair cut?你在哪儿理的发？ 参遭遇某种意外情况。He had his hat blown away on his way home在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。She

23、 had her wallet stolen yesterday.昨天她的钱包被偷了。 完成某事（自己也可能参与）。I have had all my spelling mistakes corrected.我把所有的拼写错误都改正了。He has had one thousand yuan saved thisyear.他今年已存了 1000元。（3）动词-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、命令等动词的宾语补足语，这类动词包括like, want, wish, expect, ordei等”这一类 动词的后面作宾语补足语。He won' t like such questions disc

24、ussedat the meeting他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。The students wish the TV serial plays continued.学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。(4) 过去分词用在“with宾语+宾补”这一结构中，过 去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。With many brightly colored flowersplanted around the building, his houselooks like a beautiful garden周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花，他的房子看上就像 一座漂亮的花园。1) - Good morning. Can I he

25、lp you?-I ' d like to have this package,mada m.A. be weighed.to be weighedC. to weighD weighed2) The missing boys were last seen ear theriver.A. playingC. play.to be playingD. played3) The managers discussedthe plan that they wouldlike to seethe next year.A. carry outC. carried outB. carrying ou

26、tD. to carry out4) Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see thewashing machine she had hadwent wrongagai n.A. it.it repairedC. repairedD. to be repairedI .单项选择：1. From the dateson the gold coin, we decidedthat it was made five hundred years ago.A. marking.markedC. to be markedD. having been marked2.

27、It was so large a room that a hundred people lookedin it.A. losingB. lostC. to loseD. having lost3. Laws that punish parents for their little children ' s actions against the laws get parentsA. worriedB to worryC. worryingD worry4. Withleavesin the earth every year,the soil becomes richer and richer.A. falling; buryingfallen; buriedC. fallen; burying D. falling; buried5. She was glad to see her child wellcare of.A. taketo be taken C. taken D.taking6. Friendship is like money easier made than.A. kept B. to be kept C. to keeping D. being kept7. Don' t use words, expressions ophraseson