高考英语 典题精讲Unit 15 Learning)北师大版

1、【英语】北师大版 典题精讲（Unit 15 Learning)典题精讲经典题型例1(全国)The chairman thought_necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.A.thatB.itC.thisD.him思路解析此题考查形式宾语的用法。it在句中作形式宾语,to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting 为真实宾语,necessary为补足语。答案：B黑色陷阱此题容易误选A。错选的原因是误把thought后面的内容当成宾语从句，that为连接词。这句话中

2、thought后面的内容不是一个完整的句子，不能充当宾语从句。绿色通道当不定式和动名词作宾语，其后有补足语时，要用形式宾语it，而将不定式和动名词置于补足语之后。（句型：“主语+谓语+it+宾补+不定式或动名词”）。多数情况下，在这种句型中用不定式，动名词用得较少。用动名词时，常见的补足语是：any/no good，useless，any/no use，senseless等。例2I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.A.this B.that C.it D.one思路解析本题考查it作替代词的用法。it代替后面的

3、句子所表示的意义。that在定语从句中,可作关系代词,代替某个先行词(人或物)，也可以作宾语从句的连接词，但本题不是定语从句和宾语从句。one后面接定语从句。this不能作连接词。答案：C绿色通道it作替代词的情况如下：1）it用来替代前面提到的同一事物时,被替代的名词可以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词。如:We are studying in a school with trees all around it.(it替代可数名词school)2）it可以替代英语句式中的不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句,在句中作形式主语或形式宾语。如:It is a great surprise to m

4、eet you here.(it替代不定式短语to meet you here) 3）it可以替代前面的某一名词或整个句子的内容。这时,可用that替换,也可以改为非限制性定语从句。有时it可以前置替代,用以代替后面整个句子的内容。这时,不可用that替换。如:I hate it when people talk with their mouths full。(it代替后面整个句子when people talk with.)例3（湖北）It is generally considered unwise to give a child _he or she wants.A.however B.

5、whatever C.whichever D.whenever 思路解析本题考查连接词。to give a child _ he or she wants为真正的主语，it是形式主语。主语从句中又有一个宾语从句“_ he or she wants”。whatever在从句中作宾语。这句话的意思是“大家普遍认为孩子要什么就给什么是不明智的”。答案：B黑色陷阱本题如果没有理清句子结构，其他三项都容易错选。错选A和D两项是因为没有掌握however,whenever 不可以作宾语，错选C项是不知道whichever常作定语，而不是宾语。例4 The man insisted_a taxi for m

6、e even though I told him I lived nearby.A.find B.to find C.on finding D.in finding思路解析本题考查动词搭配。insist常接从句或介词“on+doing”,不接不定式或“in+doing”。如果insist后面接了一个从句，并且意义上表达的是“坚持做某事”，从句的谓语要用should+动词原形，其中should 可以省略。但本题insist后面接的不是从句。答案：C例5 He will come tomorrow.But Id rather he_the day after tomorrow.A.will com

7、e B.is coming C.came D.had come思路解析d rather = would rather意为“宁可;宁愿”。 would rather后面接从句时，表示主语宁愿让某人干某事。这时，从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即用一般过去时表示过去现在或将来要做的事；用过去完成时表示过去要做的事。答案：C黑色陷阱此题容易误选A或B，因为上文的He will come tomorrow.以及下文的时间状语the day after tomorrow都容易让人以为要填将来时态。绿色通道要解对此类题，平时需要注意某些特殊句型的用法，也可从学习虚拟语气入手。类似的句型还有：wish+that-

8、clause;Its time+that-clause和as if+从句。例6（2001上海）Rose was wild with joy _the result of the examination.A.to B.at C.by D.as思路解析at 表原因，多与表感情的词连用，意为“因,因为看到（听到）而”。如：She was surprised at what he said.她听到他的话感到很惊讶。其他选项无此用法。答案：B黑色陷阱本题容易错选D项。错选的原因是受短语的干扰。但as a result of意为“由于”，那本句的句意就变成“因为考试，她高兴得快疯了”，不符合常理。例7 S

9、he looks forward every spring to_the flower-lined garden.A.visit B.paying a visit C.walk in D.walking in思路解析此题考查短语look forward to（盼望）的用法，其中的to是介词，不是不定式符号,要用动名词由此可以排除A、C两项。B项pay a visit后面如果要接宾语，要用连接词to，由此可以排除B项。答案：D黑色陷阱 此题容易错选B、C两项。错选B项的原因是没有掌握 pay a visit不能直接接宾语的用法。错选C项的原因是句中插入了every spring这一状语，使loo

10、k forward与介词to分离，把to误以为是不定式符号，影响了判断。例8 The man in prison insisted that he _ nothing wrong and he_set free.A.had done;should be B.should do;should beC.had done;had been D.should do;had been思路解析insist 后接了两个宾语从句，that he had done nothing wrong 是“the man” 在陈述事实，所以用正常应该用的时态。第一个宾语中的“没有做错事”是发生在insisted之前，为“

11、过去的过去”，所以应用过去完成时。and he should be set free是基于这一事实上而提出来的要求，需要用虚拟语气，即should加动词原形的形式。答案：A 绿色通道注意insist的两种含义。一般说来，若该谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若该谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。例9 If you _ the doctors instructions，you _ better now.A.followed；would beB.followed；would have beenC.had followed；would beD.h

12、ad followed；would have been思路解析根据句意，这应该是对事实的假设，即虚拟语气。此句为比较复杂的虚拟语气；if从句是对已经发生过的事实进行虚拟，而主句是对目前情况的虚拟。答案：C黑色陷阱本题容易错选D。很多同学一看到前面一句，就判定是对过去的虚拟假设，而没有注意到主句中的时间状语now。绿色通道虚拟语气的种类有很多，做题时要小心，因为可能到处有“陷阱”，一定要对原句作出具体分析，然后与所学知识联系起来，再作选择。例10 Its hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _in love,at the

13、 age of seven,with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.A.wouldnt have fallen B.had not fallenC.should fall D.were to fall思路解析本题考查虚拟条件句，虽然主句与现在事实相反，但从句与过去事实相反，故应用过去完成时had not fallen。wouldnt have fallen用于主句，而should fall和were to fall虽然用于从句，但它们表示与现在或将来事实相反或不符。答案：B黑色陷阱本题易错选A。有些同学对虚拟条件句掌握不牢固，极容易把用于主句的结

14、构用于从句中。绿色通道有时主句和从句的谓语动词指不同的时间，这时需要用混合虚拟语气。一般来说，在这种情况下，主从句谓语动词指代的时间不同，称为错综时间条件句，这时的动词形式应根据实际情况灵活使用，在做这些题目时尤其要注意每道题目的提示语：时间状语。绝大多数情况下，从句或者主句都有相关的时间状语，这是我们解题的关键。例11 We dont lack money,therefore I prefer_at home,doing housework.A.youll stay B.you are stayingC.stay D.youd better思路解析做题时抓住关键词prefer，它的用法比较多

15、，后跟宾语从句时，从句谓语动词用（should）do虚拟式。答案：C绿色通道做此类题，同学们需要平时熟记一些其宾语从句用虚拟谓语动词形式的常用动词，如：insist,desire,prefer,order,suggest,advise,require等。有些名词order,suggestion,advice等，其后的同位语从句或表语从句中的谓语动词也要用虚拟语气。例12You_ Mary yesterday,Peter.Sorry,but I was too busy to do that.A.must have helpedB.should helpC.were supposed to ha

16、ve helpedD.were able to help思路解析根据语境，彼德过去应该帮助Mary，但是没有，所以可以排除B、D两项。而A项是对过去所发生事情的猜测，不符合题意。be supposed to do 意为“理应，本该”，用法类似should，可用于虚拟语气中。答案：C黑色陷阱本题容易错选B。有些同学根据题意判断空缺处的意思是“应该帮助”，却没注意到时间状语yesterday，因此正确的表达应该是should have helped。绿色通道归纳演绎是学习句式结构的捷径。同学们需记住表示过去本应该做某事可以用should have done sth.；ought to have d

17、one sth.和were/was supposed to do/have done sth.来表达。原创题请同学们阅读下面两篇“未解之谜”,完成阅读任务,并谈一谈自己的观点。Is there a monster in the water?Does an ancient monster live in Scotlands Loch Ness (尼斯湖)?For centuries,many people have argued that “Nessie”,the Loch Ness Monster,does exist.On July 22,1933,Mr.and Mrs.George Spi

18、cer were driving alongside the lake.All of a sudden,their car nearly struck a huge,black,long-necked creature,which then entered the lake.This was the first time Nessie was brought to public attention.To date there have been over 3000 recorded sightings of the monster but no one has come up with any

19、 solid evidence that it does exist.Scientists are still using hightech equipment to search the lake and thousands of people visit the area each year in the hope of seeing the monster.And some believe they have got lucky:there are new sightings of Nessie every year.The StonehengeStonehenge,the most f

20、amous prehistoric monument in Britain,is situated on Salisbury Plain in the county of Wiltshire.At various times regarded as a site built by the Druids,the Romans,the Danes and even the French,the first stagea circular ditch and bank with an entrance flanked by a pair of small standing stonesis beli

21、eved to have been built around 3000BC.The site was subsequently(随后) abandoned and rebuilt between 2100 BC and 1800 BC.There are many mysteries surrounding this ancient site.Some of the stones used are thought to have come from the Preseli mountains in Pembrokeshire,Walesyet exactly how they were tra

22、nsported to the site in such a primitive（原始的） age is a puzzle.Experts believe they may have been transported for most of the way by water,before being dragged overland for the last stage of the journey.It has been suggested that Stonehenge once operated as a massive astronomical clock,and there are even suggestions that it was a landing site for UFOs (Unidentified Flying Objects)! A more likely explanation is that Stonehenge was an important centre of worship connected with the sun.把从上面两篇短文中获取的信息填入下面表格中。NamesPlace