2020高考英语考前冲刺Ⅱ专题10阅读理解词义猜测精品

1、2020考前冲刺英语II专题10阅读理解词义猜测考情分析词义猜测题主要考查考生根据文章内容和所学知识推测词义的能力，包括考查生词词义和熟词新义，或是一些短语的引申意义或是一句话的含义。今几年来的高考阅读理解题中，词义猜测类题越来越受到命题者的青睐，如2020年高r考试题中，大部分地区的试卷都有词义猜测题，有的地区的一套试卷上甚至出现了23道词义猜测题，预计 2020年各地高考也将会不同程度地考查考生对词义的理解能力。要点突破1. 词义猜测题常见的命题形式有；1. What does the underlined word "" mean in the passage?2.

2、The word "" refer to/probably means . The underlined word"" inParagraph means .3. What do you think the expression "" stands for?4. "" as used in the passage can best be defined as.2. 猜测词义的方法和技巧1 .根据定义、解释和复述猜测词义猜测词义的方法很多，其中.一条是根据定义或解释来猜测其意义。这种情况下，生词往往出现在前面，定义或

3、解释往往跟在生词的后面，由 or或破折号引出。生词的意义也就 清楚了。复述也是一种解释方法，即用不同的词语重复表达同一内容。复述部分可以是单词、短语，也可以是从句或句子。在做这类题时，要注意复述和被复述部分往往构成同位语关系，在句中多用逗号连接，有时也用破折号、冒号或分号来连接。有时他们中间还常常插 入一个起解释作用的标志语如or, or rather , that is to say, that is , namely, in otherwords等来强调这种同位关系。例：（2020.福建，B篇）Across the developing world, around 45% of famil

4、ies had a TV in 1995;by 2005the number had climbed about 60%.That is some way behind the U.S.,where there are more TVs than people, and where people now easily get access to the internet. Five millions more families in Sub-Saharan Africa will get a TV over the next five years. In 2005, after the fal

5、l of Taliban, which had outlawed TV,1 in 5 Afghans had one.The global total is another 150 million by 2020-pushing the numbers to well beyond two thirds of families.60.The underlined word a outlawed " in Paragraph 2 probably means ”.A. allowed B. banned C. offered D. refused分析；由文意可知，2005年塔利班垮台以

6、后，1/5的啊富汗人有了电视，说明在这之 前电视是禁止的。故答案选B, ban “禁止”。2 .通过原因或结果关系猜测词义文章中的上下文常常有因果关系，根据结果可以推测出原因。例如：because , since ,as是连接原因状语从句的连词；so. that与such. that中的that是连接结果状语从句的连词口当这些信息词出现在有生词的句子中时，可以通过因果关系猬测生词舍义.例，（2010,全国U, E篇）I had always txaveled to Malaysia, by plane ox g虹, so tills was the Tixsl time I was on i

7、txain. I did notreLish the Long train jcwxjiey and had. broijgiit a dozen nLagasiD.es to xead and xeTCad-1 looked mbout the Thcxe was not qrg faniliax I sighed and 岑旗t do, to read my Eccnomi c s.T3.岫ich of fallowing wordf gs bestth吃 place oi Ihe woxd r&lish;Jin the second paragiiph17A.匚h。口琴。 B&#

8、39; enjoy propaxf for D. rarry on分析;根据语境忆我不是特别乘火车长途蕨行1于是带了一些杂志反复地读，消磨时间/可推知电1环产意为“喜取。与吃叼可同义.故答案为B项。3.根据对比关系猜测词义这类题的上下文提示不是作者对生词、难词所做的解释和说明，而是需要读者运用语言知识和分析能力去细心搜寻和领悟相关信息之间存在的种种逻辑关系。根据这种逻辑关系所提供的思路和范围，来分析判断有关词的词义或相近的意义，从而达到理解全文思想内容的目的。转折词 but,让步状语从句及unlike , in spite of , despite , however等一些介词和副词都可,以帮

9、助构成意义上的对比关系。例;（2020.湖北，B篇）For many parents, raising a teenager is like fighting a long war, but years go by without any clear winner. Like a border conflict between neighboring countries, the parent-teen war is about boundaries: Where is the line between what I control and what you do?Both sides wan

10、t peace, but neither feels it has any power to stop the conflict.In part, this is because neither is willing to admit any responsibility for starting it. From the parents / point of view,the only cause of their fight is theiradolescents / complete unreasonableness.And of course, theteens see it in e

11、xactly .the same way, except oppositely. Both feel trapped.56. What does the u nderlined part in paragraph 2 mean?A. The teens blame the ir parents for starting the conflict.B. The teens agree with their parents on the cause ofthe conflict.C. The teens accuse their parents of misleading them.D. The

12、teens tend to have a full understanding of their parents.分析：句意解题n 刖面的 In parts this is because neither is willing to admit any lesponsibility _for starting itn "揩出，双方部本愿意为发生冲突承担责任，挎着 讲述了父母们的看法，画建句子说到核子与父母看法相同，只是力向相反，他们认为是父母 的“无理举导致冲突.故选必4.利用常识、自己的经验、经历及社会.科技等方面知识猗测词义有时碰到生词，也不必惊慌.根据上下文或整句的理解，运用常

13、识或相关的知识，也 能猜出该生词的含义.例：（2020.全国n, C篇）Beijing / s skiing craze is partly a result of the recent increase in privatecar. This has led to the growth of a leisure industry in the capital / s suburbs ,which until the late-1990s were unreachable to ordinary people. According to Mr. Wei, about 40% of the vi

14、sitors to his resort come in their own car. The rest are bused in byschools, businesses or government offices.52. The underlined words a leisure industry " in paragraph 3 refer to A. trans port to ski resortsB. production of family carsC. businesses of providing spare time enjoymentsD. part-tim

15、e work for people living in the suburbs分析： 私家车的增力口说明人们的生活水平提高了，娱乐活动随之增加，同时也就促进了滑雪之类行业的发展，由此可推知画线部分的含义是“休闲也”。故选Co5.构词法猜测词义合成法。合成词是由两个或两个以上的单词构成的。遇到这类生词时可根据合成法来猜测词义。英语的合成词一有合成形容词、合成名词等。合成形容词的构成方法如下：(1) 形容词+现在分词，如good-looking 好看的(2) 副词+现在分词，如 hard-working 辛勤的(3) 名词+过去分词，如 state-owned 国有的(4) 名词+现在分词，如peace-loving爱好和平的合成名词常见的