需求分析A卷复习点

1、(Choice) functional requirements and Nonfunctional requirement 功能性需求和非功能性需求team member role团队成员的角色project success criteria 项 目 成功标准coupling, cohesion 耦合, 凝聚力actor男演员；行动者；作用物The architecture style 体系结构风格Entity Objects , Control Object , Boundary Object 实体对象，控制对象，边界对象use case naming rule用例的命名规则Require

2、ments analysis System Design Object DesignImplementation ( What should we do ineach step?）需求分析系统设计对象设计实现（在每一步我们应该做什么?）Functional modelObject modelDynamic model4功能模型对象模型动态模型State machine diagram状态机图Use case diagramSequence diagramClass diagram用例图序列图类图Relationship Cardinality MultiplicityOverride Poly

3、morphism Encapsulation关系 基数 多样性 覆盖 多态性 封装Inheritance Aggregation Generalization Composition Association Usability Reliability产业 聚集 泛化组成协会可用性可靠性Performance Maintainability Verifiability性能可维护性可验证性(These terms you should know their general meaning)(这些词汇你应该知道他们的一1般含义）(Q&A )1) ModelA model is an abst

4、ract representation of a system that enables us to answer questions about the system. Models are useful when dealing with systems that are too large, too small, too complicated, or too expensive to experience firsthand. Models also allow us to visualize and understand systems that either no longer e

5、xist or that are only claimed to exist.一个模型是一个抽象的表示一个系统，使我们能够回答关于系统的问题。模型是有用的在处理系统，太大，太小，太复杂或太贵的第一手经验。模型还允许我们想象和理解系统不再存在或者只是声称存在。2) Abstract Class 抽象类When an inheritance relationship serves only to model shared attributes and operations, that is, if the generalization is not meant to be instantiated

6、, the resulting class is called an abstract class .当一个只会继承关系模型共享的属性和操作，也就是说，如果概括不是为了被实例化，生成的类叫做抽象类。3) Nonfunctional requirements非功能性需求Nonfunctional requirements describe aspects of the system that are not directly related to the functional behavior of the system. Nonfunctional requirements include a

7、 broad variety of requirements that apply to many different aspects of the system, from usability to performance.系统的非功能需求描述方面没有系统的功能行为直接相关。非功能需求包括一个广泛的各种各样的需求，适用于系统的许多不同的方面，从可用性性能。4) Greenfield engineering新建工程the development starts from scratch no prior system exists so the requirements are extracte

8、d from the users and the client. A greenfield engineering project is triggered by a user need or the creation of a new market发展从scratch-no前系统存在的需求提取用户和客户端。新建工程项目是由一个 用户需要或创建一个新的市场5) Sequence diagram 序歹!J 图A sequence diagram ties use cases with objects. It shows how the behavior of a use case (or sce

9、nario) is distributed among its participating objects. Sequence diagrams are usually not as good a medium for communication with the user as use cases are, since sequence diagrams require more background about the notation.一个序列图用例与对象的关系。它显示了一个用例的行为(或场景)分布在其参与的对象。序列图通常不像良好的交际工具与用户用例，因为序列图需要更多的关于符号的背景

10、。1) What is the difference between a scenario and a use case? When do you use each construct?。什么是场景和用例的区别？当你使用每个构造吗？Ans: A scenario is an actual sequence of interactions (i.e., an instance) describing one specific situation; a use case is a general sequence of interactions (i.e., a class) describing

11、 all possible scenarios associated with a situation. Scenarios are used as examples and for clarifying details with the client. Use cases are used as complete descriptions to specify a user task or a set of related system features.答:实际情况是一个序列的交互(即。、一个实例)描述一个特定的情况，一个用例是一个通用的交互序列(即。描述所有可能的场景，一个类)相关情况。

12、场景是用作澄清例子和 细节与客户。用例作为完整的描述来指定一个用户任务或一组相关的系统特性。2) What the difference between Generalization and Specialization?2) 1般化与特殊化的区别是什么？Ans: Generalization is the modeling activity that identifies abstract concepts from lower-levelones. Specialization is the activity that identifies more specific concepts f

13、rom a high-level one.答:泛化是识别的建模活动从低级别的抽象概念的人。专业化的活动从一个高层确定更具体的概念。3) What the difference between functional requirements and nonfunctional requirements?3)功能性需求和非功能性需求之间有什么区别？Ans: A functional requirement is a specification of a function that the system must support, whereas a nonfunctional requiremen

14、t is a constraint on the operation of the system that is not related directly to a function of the system.答:功能需求是一个函数的一种规范，系统必须支持，而非功能需求是一个约束的操作系统，并不直接相关的系统的一个函数。4) About 4-Layer Architectural Style, please list the four layers and function of each layer.层建筑风格，请列出四层，每一层的功能。Ans : 4-Layer-architectura

15、l styles (4-Tier Architectures) are usually used for the development of electronic commerce sites. The layers are1. The Web Browser, providing the user interface2. A Web Server, serving static HTML requests3. An Application Server, providing session management (for example the contents of an electro

16、nic shopping cart) and processing of dynamic HTML requests4. A back end Database, that manages and provides access to the persistent data In current 4-tier architectures, this is usually a relational Database management system (RDBMS).答:4-Layer-architectural 风格(4-Tier架构)通常用于电子商务站点的发展.层是1。Web浏览器，提供用户

17、界面2。一个 Web服务器，提供静态HTML请求3。一个应用程序服务器，提供会话管理的内容(例如一个电子购物车)和动态HTML处理请求4。一个后端数据库，管理和提供访问持久数据在当前4-tier架构,这通常是一个关系数据库管理系统(RDBMS)。5) What the four techniques to elicit requirements?四大技术引出需求什么？Ans：1. Questionnaires: Asking the end user a list of pre-selected questions2. Task Analysis: Observing end users in their operational envir