SubjunctiveMood虚拟语气讲解实用教案

1、什么什么(shn me)是虚拟语气？是虚拟语气？ 表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑(huiy)等 表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等第1页/共70页第一页，共71页。虚拟语气的分类(fn li) 语语 言言 形形 式式功功 能能Be形（原形）形（原形）意愿意愿Were形形假设假设第三条件句第三条件句假设假设第四条件句第四条件句假设假设第2页/共70页第二页，共71页。“意愿意愿(yyun)”虚拟句：虚拟句：be型虚拟式型虚拟式 “意愿意愿”虚拟句用来表示意愿、要求虚拟句用来表示意愿、要求(yoqi)、希望、希望、建议、命令等的具体内容。这种虚拟式有建议、命令等的具体内

2、容。这种虚拟式有下列三种结构形式：下列三种结构形式： 第3页/共70页第三页，共71页。1 1、用在表要求、命令、指示等动词后的、用在表要求、命令、指示等动词后的that that 宾词从句中或其被动结构的主语宾词从句中或其被动结构的主语(zhy)(zhy)从句从句 其结构为其结构为 “(should)+ “(should)+动词原形动词原形” ” suggest (suggest (建议建议(jiny) (jiny) recommend (recommend (推荐推荐(tujin) (tujin) advise (advise (劝告劝告) ) propose (propose (建议建议

3、) ) insist (insist (坚持坚持) ) consent (consent (允诺允诺) ) decide (decide (决定决定) ) order (order (命令命令) ) request (request (要求要求) ) desire (desire (期望期望) ) maintain (maintain (主张主张) ) urge (urge (催促催促) ) 第4页/共70页第四页，共71页。三个建议三个建议(jiny)四个要求四个要求(yoqi)insistorder, commandadvise, suggest, proposedemand, requi

4、re, request, ask虚拟语气虚拟语气Should +v 型两个两个(lin )命令命令一个坚持一个坚持在宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句，主语从句中。这种用法的常用词有：第5页/共70页第五页，共71页。He ordered that all the students (should) attend his lectures on time. 1) 他命令所有学生他命令所有学生(xu sheng)按时到课。按时到课。 It is suggested that the project (should) be started at once. 2) 有人建议马上有人建议马上(mshng)

5、启动这个项目。启动这个项目。What do you think of her proposal that I (should) apply for a new job? 3) 她建议她建议(jiny)我去找份新工作，你觉得怎样？我去找份新工作，你觉得怎样？第6页/共70页第六页，共71页。1.I advised that you _ the job as soon as possible . A finished B finishing C to finish D finish 2. The workers in the factory demanded that their pay _ be

6、 raised. A should B would C must D could第7页/共70页第七页，共71页。3. My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he _ there. A. not went B. wont go C. not go D. not to go4.The teacher demanded that the exam _ before eleven. A. must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finishe

7、d5.The commander ordered that we _ work before Friday. A. must finish B. finished C. should finish D. could finish第8页/共70页第八页，共71页。Jans pale face suggested that he _ ill . A be B was C should be D isHe insists he _right. A. were B. was C. be D. is第9页/共70页第九页，共71页。TIPST. or F. You pale face suggests

8、that you (should) be ill. Your pale face suggests that you are ill. I insisted that you ( should) be wrong. I insisted that you were wrong.insist / suggest 各有两种意思，要用不同的语气(yq)Insist 表示“坚决要求”时，用虚拟形式，即 should + do;Insist 表示“坚持说”时，用陈述语气(yq)，表示事实。Suggest 表示“建议”时，用虚拟形式。Suggest 表示“表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气(yq)。FTFT虚拟语

9、气虚拟语气第10页/共70页第十页，共71页。注意：注意： 如如suggest, insist用于其本意用于其本意“暗示、表明暗示、表明”、“坚持认为坚持认为”时，宾语从句时，宾语从句(cn j)用陈述语气。用陈述语气。1.The guard at gate insisted that everybody _(obey)the rules.2.He insisted that she_(be)seriously ill and that _(send) to hospitals at once.3.He suggested that we_(have) a meeting at once.ob

10、eywasbe senthave第11页/共70页第十一页，共71页。necessary(necessary(必需必需(bx)(bx)的的) )essential(essential(必要必要(byo)(byo)的的) )imperative(imperative(必需必需(bx)(bx)的的) )natural(natural(天生的天生的) )desirable(desirable(希望的希望的) )advisable(advisable(希望的希望的) )important(important(重要的重要的) ) appropriate(appropriate(适当的适当的) )2 2、

11、用在、用在It is +It is +形容词形容词 + that-clause + that-clause中中, , 主要表示主要表示主观看法，比如：主观看法，比如：“某事是必要的、重要的、自然而某事是必要的、重要的、自然而然的然的”从句谓语动词用从句谓语动词用should +should +动词原形动词原形, should , should 可省。可省。第12页/共70页第十二页，共71页。我们有必要出去散散步。 她这样做是很自然的。重要的是我们要照顾(zho g)好病人。 Should + V 型虚拟语气虚拟语气TranslationIts necessary that we should

12、 have a walk .Its natural that she should do so.Its important that we should take good care of the patient.第13页/共70页第十三页，共71页。Subjunctive mood in TEM-4It is imperative that students _ their term papers on time. A. hand in B. would hand in C. have to hand in D. handed in第14页/共70页第十四页，共71页。1.It is str

13、ange that the little boy _ speak two foreign languages. A. could B. can C. should D. would2. He gave orders that the experiment _ before 5:30pm.A. be finished C. had finishedC. must be finished D. will finish CA第15页/共70页第十五页，共71页。3. The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free. A. did;

14、set B. had done; should be set C. should do; be set D. had done; must be setB第16页/共70页第十六页，共71页。3、公式化语句(yj) 表示“祝愿、诅咒、禁止( jnzh)”等意义的特殊表达结构里Long live the Peoples Republic of China!God bless you!God damn you!(该死的！)Heaven forbid!(天理不容！)Devil take him!(混蛋！)So be it.(但愿如此/就这样吧。)第17页/共70页第十七页，共71页。第18页/共70

15、页第十八页，共71页。were-型虚拟式1.非真实的条件(tiojin)或让步2.几乎不可能的假设3.特殊句型第19页/共70页第十九页，共71页。1.由if, if only, as if, as though, though 等引导(yndo)的条件状语从句或让步状语从句中，表示非真实的条件或让步。 If I were you, I should wait till next week. If it were to rain, the game would be put off. If only I were not so nervous. He spoke to me as if I w

16、ere deaf. He behaves as though he were better than us.第20页/共70页第二十页，共71页。If there were no subjunctive mood, English _ much easier to learn. A. could have been B. would be C. will be D. would have been第21页/共70页第二十一页，共71页。2.were型虚拟式常用于wish, would rather, suppose, imagine等表示“希望，但愿，宁愿”的-that 分句(fnj)中，表示

17、一种臆想的（通常是不可能发生的）情况。 I wish it were spring all the year round. Suppose the earth were flat. Just imagine everyone were to give up smoking.第22页/共70页第二十二页，共71页。3.特殊(tsh)句型 It is (high /about) time that. that 从句中动词用一般过去时，表示“差不多/ 该是的时候了”。其中that可以省略。 It is the time we left the office. 区分：Its the first(sec

18、ond / third) time后面的that从句中，谓语动词要用完成(wn chng)时来表示一种经历。 Its the second time Ive come here.第23页/共70页第二十三页，共71页。Subjunctive mood in TEM-4If you have really been studying English for so long, its about time you _able to write letters in English. A. should be B. were C. must be D. are 第24页/共70页第二十四页，共71页

19、。Subjunctive mood in TEM-4“What courses are you going to do next semester?”“I dont know. But its about time _ on something.”A.Id decide B. I decided C. I decide D. Im deciding第25页/共70页第二十五页，共71页。Subjunctive mood in TEM-4Its high time we _cutting down the rainforests. A. stopped B. had to stop C. sha

20、ll stop D. stop第26页/共70页第二十六页，共71页。条件句的类型(lixng)一、一、事实与习惯条件句事实与习惯条件句（whenever）真实条件句真实条件句二、二、将来假设条件句（将来假设条件句（if）三、三、现在与将来相反假设条现在与将来相反假设条件句件句非真实条件句非真实条件句四、四、过去相反假设句过去相反假设句第27页/共70页第二十七页，共71页。 虚拟语气在条件句中虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主句主句与与现在现在事实相事实相反的假反的假设设与与过去过去相反的相反的假设假设与与将来将来相反的相反的假设假设If+主语+动词(dngc)的过去式（动词(dngc)be用were)

21、主语+should,would,might,could动词(dngc)原形If+主语(zhy)+had +过去分词主语should, would, might, couldhave done1、If+主语+动词过去式2、If+主语+were to+ 动词原形3、If+主语+should +动词原形主语should, would might, could动词原形第28页/共70页第二十八页，共71页。通常有三种情况：与过去事实相反。 （过去虚拟）与现在事实相反。 （现在虚拟）与将来事实可能相反。（将来虚拟） “后退一步法” 与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式(xngsh)表示。与现在事实相

22、反，用一般过去时形式(xngsh)表示。与将来事实可能相反，用过去将来时形式(xngsh)表示。 第29页/共70页第二十九页，共71页。1) If I were you, I shouldnt do that.2) We would go with you if we had time.3) We could ask him if he were here.4) If I knew his telephone number, I would ring him up.条件从句主句did（be动词一般用动词一般用were）would (should, could, might ) + doI.

23、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法(yn f) 1. 表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词的主要形式如下：第30页/共70页第三十页，共71页。1) If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.2) If you had come earlier, you would (might) have met him.3) I would have called you if I had known your phone number.条件从句条件从句主句主句had + donewould (might ) + have done2.表示

24、与过去事实相反，谓语动词的主要 形式(xngsh)如下：第31页/共70页第三十一页，共71页。Subjunctive mood in TEM-4If only I _play the guitar as well as you! A. would B. Could C. should D. might第32页/共70页第三十二页，共71页。1) If it should rain, the crops would be saved. 2) If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.3) If it rained tomorrow,

25、we would not go out.条件从句主句didshould dowere to dowould + do3.表示(biosh)与将来事实可能相反，谓语动词的主要形式如下：第33页/共70页第三十三页，共71页。Subjunctive mood in TEM-4If only the patient _a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics he might still be alive now. A. had received B. received C. should receive D. were recei

26、ving第34页/共70页第三十四页，共71页。Subjunctive mood in TEM-4If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he _able to advise you much better than I can. A. would be B. will have been C. was D. were第35页/共70页第三十五页，共71页。Subjunctive mood in TEM-4All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _quite

27、such a crowd of people there. A. werent B. hasnt been C. hadnt been D. wouldnt be第36页/共70页第三十六页，共71页。Note: 省略(shngl)if在书面语中，如果虚拟条件句中有were, had或should，可以把省略(shngl)if而把这几个词放到主语之前构成主谓倒装：例如：1. Should he come (If he should come), tell him to ring me up.2. Were I you (If I were you), I would not do it. 3.

28、 Had he been more careful (If he had been more careful), such mistakes could have been avoided.第37页/共70页第三十七页，共71页。Subjunctive mood in TEM-4_for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam. A. Had it not been B. Hadnt it been C. Was not D. Were it not第38页/共70页第三十八页，共71页。虚拟式的特殊(ts

29、h)形态主从句时态(sh ti)不一致 If Mother had told me that truth when I was young, I would not make such mistakes so often now.错综(cuzng)条件句 If you studied harder now, you would be more successful in the future.第39页/共70页第三十九页，共71页。1. The committee members propose that the plan _ postponed for a few days. A. bein

30、g C. to be B. been D. be2. The boss insisted that Mr. Copper (give) up smoking at once. 3. The director required that every member in his department (refer) .to this report. 4. I think its high time we _ strict measures to stop pollution. A. will take C. took B. take D. have takenD(should) give(shou

31、ld) referC第40页/共70页第四十页，共71页。5 If only she (know) that her behaviour was not welcome, she would have been more careful with her manners. 6 If I had a car of my own, I _ it to your sister yesterday. A. would have lent C. must have lent B. would lend D. should lend7 Jack would never have done that if

32、he (have) _ a good education. had known Ahad had 第41页/共70页第四十一页，共71页。第42页/共70页第四十二页，共71页。非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子(j zi)叫做含叫做含蓄条件句。蓄条件句。第43页/共70页第四十三页，共71页。But for, be for, without, but thatIf you had not helped, I wouldnt have passed the exam.But for your he

33、lp, .Without your helpHad it not been for your help, 条件句的变化(binhu)形式（含蓄条件句）But that you helped, .第44页/共70页第四十四页，共71页。Exercise But for, without, be for, but that 如果(rgu)没有太阳，地球上就不会有植物。 But for the sun, there would be no plant on our planet. Without the sun, If it were not for the sun, . But that ther

34、e is the sun, 第45页/共70页第四十五页，共71页。条件句的变化(binhu)形式（含蓄条件句）Otherwise sentence adverb used when saying what would have happened or might have happened if something else had not happened: We were delayed at the airport. Otherwise we would have been here by lunch time. 第46页/共70页第四十六页，共71页。类似(li s) if 型虚拟语

35、气虚拟语气but for +n(要不是), without +n, otherwise，in that case，一些短语相当于虚拟条件从句（if）, 其后的句子与虚拟条件主句(zh j)用法一致。+句子(j zi)would/could/should/might +V. (原)would/could/should/might +have done现在/将来过去第47页/共70页第四十七页，共71页。1. But for your help, we (make) such rapid progress.没有你的帮助，我们(w men)是不会取得这么快的进展的。would not have ma

36、de虚拟语气虚拟语气类似(li s) if 型2. Without air, there _ (be) no living things. 如果(rgu)没有空气，就不会有生物 would be3. Thanks to the brave young man, otherwise, the boy _(die).would have died第48页/共70页第四十八页，共71页。Wish / As if (though)类似(li s) if 型虚拟语气虚拟语气Would rather/ If only 第49页/共70页第四十九页，共71页。Wish/As if / （though）+从句

37、(cn j)现在: 过去(guq)时（were）过去(guq): 过去(guq)完成时(had done)未来: would/could/might +V.(原)类似(li s) if 型（1）第50页/共70页第五十页，共71页。虚拟语气虚拟语气例句(lj)1. I wish I were 30 years younger.2. I wish (that) you would get a good job.3. He wished he hadnt done it.4. He treats the little girl as if she were he own daughter.类似(l

38、i s) if 型（1）第51页/共70页第五十一页，共71页。 would rather + that （从句（从句(cn j)） 宁愿宁愿If only +要是要是(yo shi)该有多好啊该有多好啊过去(guq)时过去完成时现在过去过去时过去完成时现在/将来过去类似 if 型（2）虚拟语气虚拟语气第52页/共70页第五十二页，共71页。 as if / though sbdidhad doneHe talked as if he had been there at that time.He talks as if he knew everything.第53页/共70页第五十三页，共71

39、页。 even if sb didhad doneEven if I were as rich as you one day, I wont do such a thing.Even if I had managed to do it, they didnt believe me. Even if I had the chance now, Im not interested in it.第54页/共70页第五十四页，共71页。2. would rather do sthI would rather stay at home in such hot weather.1)2) would rat

40、her sbdid sthhad done sthI would rather you stayed at home.I would rather you had stayed at home.第55页/共70页第五十五页，共71页。Pattern suggesting best wishesIf only sbdidhad donewould do= how I wish sbdidhad donewould doIf only I were you.How I wish I were you.第56页/共70页第五十六页，共71页。Subjunctive mood in TEM-461.

41、Its getting late. Id rather you _ now. (2011)A. leftB. leaveC. are leavingD. will leave第57页/共70页第五十七页，共71页。If only I _ to my parents! (But I didnt.) A. listened B. had listened C. should listen D. would listenB第58页/共70页第五十八页，共71页。 Simon looks as though he never _ a square meal(吃得饱), though his paren

42、ts feed him very well. A. get B. getting C. got D. should getC第59页/共70页第五十九页，共71页。He is talking so much about America as if he _ there. A. had been B. were C. was D. beenA第60页/共70页第六十页，共71页。 Have you ever been to Beijing? - No, but I wish I _. A. have B. will C. do D. hadD第61页/共70页第六十一页，共71页。When a

43、pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it . A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been brokenC第62页/共70页第六十二页，共71页。exercisesexercises1. Without electricity human life _ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be第63页/共70页第六十三页，共71页。2. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox