10 专题十动词的被动语态

1、栏目索引专题十专题十动词的被动语态动词的被动语态总纲目录栏目索引总纲目录总纲目录考点一考点二一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时的被动语态含有情态动词的被动语态栏目索引考点2018年被动语态2017年29题河南省五年中考统计2016年31题2015年32题2014年31题合计4中考预测考情分析考情分析1.河南五年中考对动词的被动语态的考查主要集中在被动语态的基本用法上,旨在考查考生在鲜活的语境中正确运用被动语态的能力。2.2019年中考对动词被动语态的考查一般集中在一般过去时的被动语态和一般将来时的被动语态上。考点突破栏目索引考点突破考点一考点一一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时的被动语态一般现

2、在时、一般过去时、一般将来时的被动语态命题档案命题档案1.(2018河南郑州外国语中学一模)Why are so many people in the restaurant?It starts business today and the drinks Cfor free.A.were offeredB.have offeredC.are offeredD.will offer答案答案C句意:为什么饭店里有那么多人?它今天开业而且饮料被免费提供。本题考查动词的被动词态。由主语drinks和谓语动词offer之间是被动关系可知应用被动语态,又根据starts可知应用一般现在时的被动语态,故答案为

3、C项。考点突破栏目索引2.(2018河南商丘一模)It is said a new subway Din the city.Im sure it must be easier for us to reach the city center by 2020.A.is buildingC.has builtB.will buildD.will be built答案答案D句意:据说一条新的地铁将在这个城市建立。我确信在2020年之前,对我们来说到达城市中心一定会更方便些。本题考查动词的被动语态。由设空处的主语subway和谓语动词build之间是被动关系可知应用被动语态,又根据句意可知应用一般将来时

4、的被动语态,故答案为D项。考点突破栏目索引3.(2017河南许昌一模)What a special photo!Yes. It Don July 13,2016 when we graduated from junior middle school.A.has takenC.had takenB.tookD.was taken答案答案D句意:多特别的照片呀!是的,它被拍于2016年7月13日,当我们初中毕业时。本题考查一般过去时的被动语态,A.现在完成时,B.一般过去时,C.过去完成时,由句意可知,故答案为D项。考点突破栏目索引4.(2016河南洛阳一模)The Luoyang Peony F

5、estivalyear.Bin April every Yes, everyone in Luoyang is proud of it.A.has heldC.will holdB.is heldD.was held答案答案B句意:洛阳牡丹节每年四月份举行。是的,每位洛阳人为此感到自豪。本题考查动词的被动语态。由The Luoyang Peony Festival和hold之间是被动关系及题干中的every year可知,应用一般现在时的被动语态。故答案为B项。考点突破栏目索引5.Reading books is good and each of us class.Bto do more re

6、ading in and after A.encouragesC.is encouragingB.is encouragedD.are encouraged答案答案B句意:读书是有益的。不论是在课上还是在课下,我们每个人都被鼓励读更多书。考查一般现在时的被动语态,其结构“be(am/is/are)+过去分词”。encourage sb.to do sth.的被动形式为sb.be encouraged to do sth.,又因为主语为each of us,谓语动词应为第三人称单数形式,故答案为B项。考点突破栏目索引名师精讲名师精讲一、被动语态的基本结构一、被动语态的基本结构:be+动词的过去分

7、词动词的过去分词二、被动语态的用法二、被动语态的用法在被动语态中,主语是动作的承受者,主要用于下列几种情况:1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。如:This watch is made in China.这块手表是在中国制造的。考点突破栏目索引2.没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。如:More trees must be planted every year.每年都必须种更多的树。3.需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。如:Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.世界上越来越多的人在说汉语。4.动作的发出者不是人而是物时。如 :Many ho

8、uses were washed away by the flood.许多房屋被洪水冲走了。考点突破栏目索引三、主动语态和被动语态的转化1.主动语态变为被动语态(1)要将主动句中的宾语变为被动句中的主语,若主动句中的宾语是人称代词,要将宾格变成主格。(2)把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语,主格代词变成宾格代词,并由by引导。(3)谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。如:我们让他唱了首英文歌。We asked him to sing an English song.He was asked to sing an English song by us.考点突破栏目索引2.带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态谓

9、语动词带双宾语时,既可以将间接宾语转化成主语,也可以将直接宾语转化成主语。若将间接宾语转化成主语,则保留直接宾语;若将直接宾语转化成主语,则保留间接宾语,且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for。如:She gave me a book.(变为被动语态)I was given a book by her.(间接宾语me改为主语)A book was given to me by her.(直接宾语a book改为主语)考点突破栏目索引3.动词短语变为被动语态许多由不及物动词构成的动词短语,相当于及物动词,可以有宾语,也可以有被动语态。注意:动词短语是一个不可分割的整体,在变为被动语态时,不可

10、丢掉构成动词短语的介词或副词。如:We should take good care of the children.The children should be taken good care of.(of不可省略)考点突破栏目索引4.带复合宾语的动词变为被动句宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。变被动语态时,只把宾语变为被动句的主语,宾语补足语保留在原处,成为主语补足语。如:I saw some boys playing football in the playground.Some boys were seen playing football in the playground.考点突破

11、栏目索引5.被动语态后动词形式的选择主动句中的感官动词see,hear,watch,feel,notice等和使役动词let,make,have等后跟省略to的动词不定式,变为被动句时,应加上动词不定式符号to。如:We often hear the girl sing in her room in the evening.The girl is often heard to sing in her room in the evening.考点突破栏目索引四、主动语态表示被动意义1.open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut,burn,drive等词作不及

12、物动词且它们的主语为物时,可用主动语态表示被动意义。如:This pen writes very smoothly.这支钢笔写起来很流畅。This sweater washes well.这件毛衣很耐洗。考点突破栏目索引2.look,sound,taste,smell等系动词用主动形式表示被动意义。如:School uniforms look good on us.我们穿着校服很好看。Dinner smells good.饭菜闻起来很香。3.be worth doing是主动形式表示被动意义。如:This film is worth seeing.这部电影值得一看。4.“want/need/r

13、equire+doing ”相当于“want/need/require+to be done ”。如:My bike needs repairing.=My bike needs to be repaired. 我的自行车需要修理了。考点突破栏目索引五、各种时态的被动语态时态主动语态被动语态例句主动语态一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时am/is/are+doingam/is/are+being doneShe is wateringthe flowers.diddo/doesam/is/are+donewas/were+done被动语态We clean the classrooThe class

14、room ism.He made the kite.cleaned by us.The kite wasmade by him.The flowers arebeing wateredby her.现在完成时have/has+donehave/has+been doneJim hasfinished the wo The work hasrk.been finished by Jim.考点突破时态主动语态被动语态例句主动语态栏目索引被动语态一般将来时will/shall/be going to+ will/shall/dobe going to+be doneThey will planttr

15、ees tomorrow.Trees will be plantedby them tomorrow.过去进行时was/were+doingwas/were+being doneShe was writinga letter thistime yesterday.A letter was being written by her this time yesterday.The work had been 过去完had+donehad+beenJim had finished the 成时donework by last week.finished by Jim last week.过去将来时w

16、ould/be going to+do would/be going to+be He said he would donemake a kite.He said a kite would be made by him.考点突破栏目索引考点二考点二含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的被动语态命题档案命题档案1.(2018河南新乡卫辉二模)Tom is always careless with his art work.Would you mind giving him a hand?Of course not! I think he A.should be toldAto think twic

17、e before starting.D.can be tellingB.can tell C.should tell答案答案A句意:汤姆总是对待他的艺术作品很粗心。你介意帮助他吗?当然不介意!我认为他应该被告诉要在开始之前多思考。本题考查含有情态动词的被动语态。由主语he和谓语动词tell之间是被动关系,又根据句意可知答案为A项。考点突破栏目索引2.(2017河南平顶山一模)Can such a thing A.prevent fromChappening again?B.prevented fromC.be prevented fromD.to prevent from答案答案C句意:这样的事能够再一次被阻止发生吗?本题考查含有情态动词的被动语态。其结构应是“情态动词+be+动词的过去分词”,故答案为C项。考点突破栏目索引3.How often do I need to feed the dog?It Cfood every day,or it will be hungry.A.must giveC.must be givenB.must be giveD.must be gave答案答案C句意:我需要多久喂一次狗? 它必须每天被喂食,否则它会饿的。本题考查