05语篇理解类：阅读理解之七选五阅读-2020年暑假新高三英语增分专项突破+题型特训

1、2020年暑假新高三英语增分专项突破+题型特训05语篇理解类：阅读理解之七选五居纲解读考试大纲要求考纲解读给出一篇缺少5个句子的文章， 对应有七个选项，要求考生根据 文早结构、内谷，选择正确的句 子，填入相应的空白处。考查考生的逻辑思维 能力，也就是对上下 文之间、层次之间逻 辑关系的判断能力。主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及 上卜文逻辑的理解和掌握。 选项特点：主旨概 括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结 构）、注释性句子（上卜文逻辑意义）。一、考试大纲对阅读理解的主要要求1 .掌握所读文章的主旨和大意以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节；2 .既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概念；3

2、 .既理解字面意思，也理解根据字面意思可以推断出来的没有明确说出的深沉含义，包括作者的态度、意图等；4 .既理解某句、某段的意义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断；5 .既能根据文章所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生自己应有的常识去理解。二、考试大纲对阅读理解七选五的要求试卷中题干表述如下：根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中 有两项为多余选项。阅读理解七选五，即给出一篇缺少5个句子的文章，对应有七个选项，根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。该类题型要求从短文后的七个选项中（均为完整的句子）选出五个能填入 文章空处的最佳选项，主要考查

3、考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。其命题 形式深受阅读多项选择题的影响，体现了新课标“用英语获取、处理和运用信息的能力；逐步获取用 英语思维的能力。”的阅读学习和教学理念。七选五和传统题型完型填空有些类似，虽然完型填空题考查 的是词汇层面，七选五考查的是句子层面，但是它们的考查方式是一样的，只要考生选择的答案能够使行 文连贯，符合英文的语法以及习惯表达就行，因此，这两类题型在做题方法上有共同之处。该题型命题形式仍然具有客观题的特点，又与完形填空具有异曲同工之妙，只是选项少，以句子形式出现，考查目的和侧重点不完全相同而已。从考试说明对该题型命题目的的表述“主要考查考生对文

4、章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意 义的理解和掌握。”可以得出以下判断：该题备选项可分为主旨概括句(文章整体内容)、过渡性句子(文 章结构)和注释性句子(上下文逻辑意义)三类。其多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三方面进行设置，例如 主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文 脱节等。三、阅读理解七选五题型的特点1 .符合英语课程标准中“提高学生用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决问题的能力”的要求和普通高等学校招生全国统一考试说明中“如果希望准确、深刻地理解一篇文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握住全篇的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。”的

5、要求。如果说通常意义上的高考英语完形填空题是词法和句法范围内的考查，它是语言表达的基本单位，属于语言的组织规律，那么阅读填空题就是章法范围内的考查，是语言使用的范畴，属于言语的组织规律，简单地说，前者侧重语言的结构一语法，而后者侧重语言的使用 一章法。2 .注重考查学生的逻辑思维能力。阅读本质就是一种理解、吸收、鉴赏、评价文章的思维过程，新题 型不但要求考生具备词汇、句子、语段、语篇等方面的知识，而且要有辨证、综合、分析、归纳方面的逻 辑思维能力，是阅读的深层理解，也是阅读的核心和关键。3 .题材新颖，具有浓厚的时代气息和较高的真实性，与学生的学习经历和生活经历相适应，与新课程理念下的高考改革

6、走向相适应，与高中英语教学实际相适应，遵循了英语课程标准的评价理念，保证了试题的效度、信度、真实性和公平性原则。应试技巧根据试题所在的不同位置确定不同的解题策略1 .如果空白在段首(1)通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找 同义词或其他相关词，从而推断出主题句。(2)与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。着重阅读后文的第一、二句，锁定线索词，然后在选项中查找相关词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的。(3)段落间的过渡句。这时要 前瞻后望，阅读上一段的结尾部分，并结合下一段的内容，将所选的答案 代入，看其是否能 承上启下，将两段内容连起来。2 .如果空

7、白在段尾(1)重点阅读空白前的一两句以锁定关键词。(2)通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，选项中也可发现前文的同义词、句。(3)与前文是转折或对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。(4)与前文是并列或排比关系。在这种情况下，通常是要补全说明本段主题的其他细节，在选项中会出 现表示并列/递进关系的关联词或与前文 类似的句式结构，或出现同义词等其他线索。前句与正确答案的第 一句是紧密相连的，要特别注意阅读这样相连的两句。(5)所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关

8、联，此时可考虑与下一段开头 是否有一定的衔接。(6)如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。3 .如果空白构成一整个自然段(1)这个段落应该起承上启下的作用，而且自成一体，即有一个段落的中心，因此可重点阅读较长的选 项，以此类推，直至找到正确答案。(2)着重阅读前一段结尾和后一段开头的一两句，寻找相关的线索，而且重要线索通常会在后一段开头，因此后一段开头往往比前一段结尾更重要。(3)分析段落之间的逻辑关系及内容的连贯性，注意段落间的衔接手段。将选项代入原文，如果前后内 容连贯，符合逻辑，即为正确答案。2020年，全国卷I,七选五阅读A Few Tips for Self-Ac

9、ceptanceWe all want it to accept and love ourselves. But at times it seems too difficult and too far out of reach. 36 Here ' a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction. 37 Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough. Why do you follow them? Are you hoping that even

10、tually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your own;you are the only you in this world. Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made. We are often ashamed of our shortcomings, our mistakes and our failures. 38 You will make mistakes, time and t

11、ime again. Rather than getting caught up in how youcould have done better, why not offer yourself a compassionate （ 有同情心、）response? " That didn ' t go as planned. But, I tried my best." Recognize all of your strengths. Write them down in a journal. Begin to train your brain to look at

12、s trength before weakness. List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today. 39 Now that you ' ve listed your strengths, list your imperfections. Turn the page in your journal. Put intoordswhy you feel unworthy, why you don'

13、t feel good enough. Now, read these words back to you4sel. Turnto a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are?A. Feeling upset again?B. Where do you start?C. Nothing is too small to celebrate.D. Remember, you are only human.E. Set an intention for self-

14、acceptance.F. Stop comparing yourself with others.G. When does the comparison game start?【答案】36. B 37. F 38. D 39. C 40. A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几个自我接纳的小技巧。36 .根据题目 A Few Tips for Self-acceptance及下文的 Here's a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction这有很多可以帮你找到正确方向的方法。）可知，选项B. Where do y

15、ou start?（从哪里开始那？）最合下文语境，故选 B项。37 .根据一F文 Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your own; you are the only one in this world.（你是否希望最终你会因为自己的生活比他们的好而感到有力量？要知道，你的生活是你自己的；你在这个世界上是独一无二的。）可知，本段主要讲述不要把自己和别人作比较，因为生活是我们自己的，我们也是世

16、界上独一无二的。故F. Stop comparing yourselfwith others.（停止把自己和别人进行比较。）可以作为本段中心句，故选 F项。38 .根据本文的中心句 Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made.（原谅自己所犯的错误。 ）及下文的 You will make mistakes, time and time again.（ 你会次又次地犯错误。 ）可知，选项 D. Remember, you are only human.（记住，你只是个人。）与上下文衔接最好，故选 D项。39 .根据上文 List all of

17、 your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you gotout of bed today.（列出你所有的成就。你有了一份工作，拿到了学位，今天就起床了。）可知，选项C. Nothingis too small to celebrate.（没有什么事是太小而不值得庆祝。）与上文衔接最好，故选 C项。40 .结合上文 Put into words why you feel unworthy, why you don't feel good enough. Now, read

18、 these words back to yourself.（用语言来解释为什么你觉得自己不值得，为什么你觉得自己不够好。现在，自己读一下这些话。）和下文的 Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are?（ 翻 到你日记本上记下你的有点和成就的那页。看到你有多棒了吗？）可知，选项A. Feeling upset again?（再次感觉心烦意乱了吗？）最合上下文语境，故选 A项。1根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有

19、两项为多余选项。Keys to a Good Family LifeIn posters and ads we often see pictures of happy families, but family life is not all smiles and laughter. All families are different and have problems, but you can make your family life better with hard work and determination. LSpend time together as a family. Som

20、e people are too busy for family time. You have to set aside time xue to plan and spend special times together. 2 Make the conversation around ke the table pleasant and caring; maybe ask each person how their day was or what is happening wang in their school or work life. Doing household chores toge

21、ther also helps.3. Allow members of your family to express their own feelings and ideas. Maintain eye contact and don' t interrupt when someone is talking. Listen carefully to what they are saying, before you judge or disagree. Hearing someone else, and being heard by that person, is the foundat

22、ion of a good relationship. 4. Try not to be angry at someone' s opinions. Even if you think that they are wrong, listen with an open mind to show that you care - and remember that no one is perfect.Meet each other ' s needs. Give time to eacheved/ one of your family members. Know what is go

23、ing on in their lives and what they need help with. 5. JI they need help with something, set aside time to do so. To be aware of your family members' emotional and physical needs, you need to communicate.A.Listen to their problems.B.Try applying the following steps.C.Allow each person to be an i

24、ndividual.D.So these steps will help you all get on well.E.Respect your family members ' feelings and ideas.F.Every day it should be eating at least one meal together.G.Each family member has his or her own opinions or suggestions.2根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Have you ever had times

25、 questioning yourself and feeling discouraged? If you answer yes, what you ' ve experienced is negative self-talk. 6. You say to yourself untrue things like, " I ' not good enough. I m a disappointment. " These false beliefs stop us in our tracks. So, how do you stop the negative s

26、elf-talk?么Know you ' re special. You are“ One of aiKene is no other person that thinks exactly like you. Whenyou begin to sincerely believe how spe cial you are, it ' s easier to fight the negative self-talk.?Change your associationsYour negative self-talk comes from your environment. You di

27、dn' t just accidentally wake up one day thinlof bad things about yourself. It may be because someone, somewhere in your life has told you negative things about you and whether you accept it or not, you believe them. However, if you surround yourself with the right people, they will build you up,

28、 inspire you and make you feel better. 8._?Change your dialogueRead and say all the wonderful things about yourself at least 5 times per day. Look at yourself in the mirror and say, “I am amazin或 and you ' ll believe you are awesome pretty soon.Of course, there are other things to stop negative

29、self- talk. 10., but if you are determined to think positively in every situation, that will bring a positive change in your life.A.Think the same wayB.Change is not easyC.Change your positionD.It begins in your brainE.Change your state of mindF.You ll seek out the right eople to help change your th

30、oughtsG.You' ll start to believe the great things they tell you little by little3根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Communication roadblocks are very common. They occur when two people talk in such a way that neither one feels understood.yHowever, there are several ways to help individuals

31、 overcome roadblocks.Soften the startup. One of the skills to overcome communication roadblocks is to begin a conversation by starting with something positive, expressing appreciation and taking responsibility for thoughts and feelings.12.For example, ''I want to stay more involved in making

32、 decisions about money'' rather than ''You never include me in financial decisions.''Make and receive repair attempts. Another important skill in overcoming communication roadblocks is learning to make and receive repair attempts. They are efforts to prevent an increasingly n

33、egative interaction from going any further.13.This is important because when conflicts appear, we often experience stress that can affect our ability to think and reason, which can lead to communication roadblocks. Taking time away from the conflict to calm down can help us be more prepared to discu

34、ss the issue.14.Overcoming communication roadblocks requires each partner to take turns being the speaker and the listener so that each has a chance to express themselves effectively. The goal is not to solve a particular problem, but rather to have a safe and meaningful discussion and to understand

35、 each other's point of view, which may lead to more effective communication.Dealing with communication roadblocks can take large amounts of mental, emotional, and physical energy. But learning and using a few simple skills can increase positive communication with others.15.A.Use effective speaki

36、ng and listening skills.B.Deal with roadblocks in communicating with partners.C.Sometimes we can take a break or make efforts to calm the situation.D.They are not good for effective communication and often deepen the conflicts.E.The opportunities for personal and relationship growth are well worth t

37、he effort.F.In addition, starting the message in the first person can promote positive communication. G.Recognizing roadblocks and trying to communicate effectively help positive interactions.Eating healthy isnt always easy, but committing to a healthy diet can be the smartest decision you evermake.

38、 Why? Not only can eating well make you look and feel better, it can also save you money. 16.Productivity can be increased. Like a car, your brain needs quality fuel to run efficiently. As one will experience increased focus shortly after improving their diet with nutritious foods and supplements, a

39、 higher working productivity is usually the outcome.It benefits finance. If your employer provides health coverage discounts, count your blessings! You can save a considerable amount of money through them. 17. By simply switching to a healthier diet and dropping a few pounds before you apply could s

40、ignificantly lower your costs.18. What you eat has an impact on your brain, including the parts that regulate mood. Maintaining stable blood sugar through regular, proper nutrition will help you feel better overall on most days. Foods rich in vitamins and minerals, seeds and fresh vegetables for ins

41、tance, are associated with a lower risk of depression, as are foods rich in omega-3 fats.You can control your weight better. More than half of the Americans are overweight or obese, and obesity contributes to 1 in 5 American deaths. Simple healthy choices such as replacing soda with water, choosing

42、vegetables instead of chips, and ordering a side salad in place of French fries will not only help you lose weight, it also can help you save money. 19.A relatively longer life is expected. The same diseases that make you feel bad and cost a lot of money may also decrease your life expectancy. Many

43、studies show a healthier diet relatively leads to a longer life.Your body is your temple and you are housed in it, so treat it nicely to whole nutrient foods that are good for it.20.A.A better mood is made possible.B.It will prevent you from getting sick.C.In return your body will serve you better.D

44、.There is no reason not to eat a healthy diet.E.Here are several top reasons to turn to a healthier diet.F.Besides, life insurance cost is partly based on how healthy you are.G.A normal-weight person can save some $3,000 per year on health care.When stress affects your sleep on a nightly basis, it s

45、ets you up for a terrible insomnia （ 失眠）that forces you to turn to sleeping pills.21.X Target （把,一 作为目标） the enemy“Every night a couple of hours before bed, sitdown and make a list of all the problems you have to deal with, says Donna Arand, directo r of Kettering Hospital Sleep Disorders Center.&qu

46、ot; Next to each item, write a solution（plan. 22. That way, if thoughts of your problems arise as you' re trying to sleep, you can tell yourself,plan and I ' ll work on it tomorrow.”Balance your work and activities23. But a joint study of 314 workers found that workers with higher levels of

47、enjoyable activities such as exercise, hobbies, and social activities, were able not only to come back from workplace stress better than their always-on-the-job coworkers but also sleep much better than others.X Deal with lessFour of the top ten stressors we experience are related to money.24. And h

48、ow should we spend it? Given that, doesn ' it make sense that if we want less and are satisfied with less-smaller houses, and simpler forms of transportation-our stress levels will go down?弘 Give a nod to a nap （打盹）It ' s doubly unfortunate that stress makes it hard to get to sleep because,

49、chemically speaking, the antidote 对抗手段） to stress is sleep. There is a way to deal with it.25. It ' s true that one nap of up to 90 minutes between thehours of 1:00 and 4:00 P.M. during the day, will make people energetic again.A. That ' s by taking a nap.B. Here ' s how to step back fro

50、m that state.C.Now there is some advice on how to keep energetic.D. When you 're ready for bed, put the list by the bedroom door.E.It was reported recently that on-the-job stress has reached the worst levels.F.How can we get it ?G.Does stress always interrupt you?6根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项

51、中有两项为多余选项。Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock. In fact, the key to easy morning wake-up lies in resetting your body clock.26 Here ' s how to make one. 27.In order to make a change, you need to deci de why it ' s important. Do you want to

52、 get up in time to have breakfast with your family, get in some exercise, or just be better prepared for your day? Once you are clear about your reasons, tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make. Rethink mornings. Now that you know why you want to wake up, consider re-arrangin

53、g your morning activities. If you want time to have breakfast with your family, save some time the night before by setting out clothes, shoes, and bags. 28. That ' s a quarteour more you could be sleeping if you bought a coffee maker with a timer. Keep your sleep/ wake schedule on weekends. If y

54、ou' re tired out by Friday night, sleeping in on Saturdaycould sound wonderful. But compensating （ 补偿）on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week, a recent study found. 29. Keep a record and evaluate it weekly. Keep track of your efforts and write down how you feel. Af

55、ter you tried a new method for a week, take a look at your record. 30. If not, take another look at other methods you could try.A.Get a sleep specialist.B.Find the night motivation.C.A better plan for sleep can help.D.And consider setting a second alarm.E.If the steps you take are working, keep it u

56、p.F.Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day.G.Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the caf to get coffee. e1【答案】1.B 2.F 3.E 4.G 5.A【解析】这是一篇选句填空。在海报和广告中，我们经常看到幸福家庭的照片，但家庭生活并不总是微笑 和笑声。每个家庭都是不同的，都有问题，但是你可以通过努力和决心让你的家庭生活得更好。文章主要 就如何让家庭生活变得更好提出了一些方法和建议。1 .本句为第一段最后一句，有启示下文的

57、作用，结合后文主要说明了一些让家庭生活变得更好的方法。故选项 “尝试应用以下步骤 ”符合上下文语境，故选 B 。2 . 结合后文 Make the conversation around the table pleasant and caring; maybe ask each person how their day wasor what is happening wang in their school or work life. 可知让餐桌上的谈话愉快而富有关怀；也许可以问问他们今天过得怎么样，或者在学校或工作中发生了什么。由此可知，本句是在建议要每天和家人在一起吃饭，让餐桌上的谈话愉快

58、而富有关怀。故F 选项 “每天至少应该一起吃一顿饭 ”符合上下文语境，故选 F。3 .根据后文 Allow members of your family to express their own feelings and ideas. 可知允许你的家人表达他们自己的感受和想法。由此可知，本句是在说明要尊重家人的感受和想法。故E 选项 “尊重家人的感受和想法”符合上下文语境，故选 E。4 . 结合后文 Try not to be angry at someone s opinions. Even if you think that they are wrong, listen with an openmind to show that you care - and remember that no one is perfect. 可知试着不要对别人的意见生气。即使你认为他们是错的，也要以开放的心态倾听，表明你在乎他们 记住，人无完人。由此可知，本句是在说明要允许每个家庭成员都自己的意见或建议，且不要对别人的意见生气，保持开放的心态倾听。后文中 opinions可对应到G选项中opinions or suggestions。故G选项 每个家庭成员都有自己的意见或建议“符合上下文语境，故选 G 。5 .根据上文 Know what is going on in their