八年级英语上册 Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells 知识点讲解 鲁教版

1、Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?单元目标学习目标 语言结构1. Ive been skating for five hours.2. How long have you been collecting shells?3. Hes been collecting kites since he was ten years old.4. A: How long did you skate? B: I skated for four hours.语言目标1.谈论人们一直做某事有多长时间(持续多长时间)。2. 谈论人们的业余爱好和收藏某物多

2、长时间。语法1.学习现在完成进行时：have/has been + 动词ing形式(现在分词)。2.复习一般过去时，现在进行时。学习重难点 1.重点：现在完成进行时的构成、理解、掌握和运用。2.难点：现在完成进行时中引导时间的介词for和since的使用。Section A【词组扫描】1. skating marathon 2. a pair of skates two pairs of shoes 3. since nine oclock 4. Hilltop School 5. raise money for charity 6. the first one to start 7. ska

3、te for the whole five hours 8. an hour ago 9. three and a half years (= three years and a half)【句型展示】1. How long have you been in class today? 你今天上了多长时间的课？how long “多长”或“多长时间”。对长度或时间段提问。 How long have you learned English? 你学英语多长时间了? For two years. 两年了。2. Im talking to you from Hilltop School skating

4、 marathon. 我正在山顶学校滑冰马拉松现场向你报导。3. Alison was the first one to start skating. 艾利森是第一个开始滑冰的。4. I have been playing basketball for three and a half years. 我打篮球已经有三年半了。【词汇解析】 pair (由两部分合在一起的单个物品) 一对，一双 a pair of 一双，一对 pairs of 几双，几对a pair of skates/ shoes/ glasses/ trousers/ jeansa new pair of shoes two

5、old pairs of skates three expensive pairs of glasses 注意：修饰名词的形容词，要放在pair前。Section B【词组扫描】1. run out of 2. start a snow globe collectors club 3. by the way 【句型展示】1. I'd like to collect stamps because they are interesting 我喜欢集邮，因为它们特别有趣。2. He has been collecting kites since he was ten years old. 他

6、自从十岁起就在收集风筝了。3. Thanks for sending me the snow globe of the monster 非常感谢你送我怪兽雪(花水晶)球。4. Weve run out of room to store them 我们已经用完了储存它们(snow globes)的空间。5. The first one I ever got was a birthday cake snow globe on my seventh birthday. 我得到的第一个水晶球是我七岁生日时收到的一个生日蛋糕水晶球。6. If you know anyone else who colle

7、cts them, please tell me. 如果你认识其他任何一个（喜欢）收藏它们的人，请告诉我。7. By the way，what's your hobby? 顺便问一下，你的爱好是什么?(1) by the way在句中作插入语，意为“且说，顺便提一下，还有”，常用来介绍一般性的话题，或在脑子里突然想起的事情。Well wait for you，by the way，dinner will be at eight我们等你，还有晚饭是八点开。I was reading when the UFO landed，by the way，it was “The Last Day ”

8、飞碟着陆时我在看书，顺便提一下，我看的是“末日”。By the way，have you seen her lately? 顺便问一下，你近来见过她吗?(2) hobby “爱好”，可数名词。 His hobby is reading One of my hobbies is math 【固定搭配】1. would like to do sth. 想要做某事2. Thanks for doing sth. 感谢某人做了某事(为做某事感谢某人)。3. send sb. sth.= send sth. to sb. 送给某人某物Self Check【词组扫描】1.organize a talent

9、 show 2. finish writing the test 3. run out of time/room 4. the school newspaper 5. write in English 6. be interested in (the job as a writer) 7. extra English lessons 【句型展示】1. Our class is organizing a talent show to raise money for charity. 我们班正在组织一场才艺表演为慈善事业筹款。2. My hobby is colleting old coins.

10、我的爱好是收集旧硬币。3. I'm interested in the job as a writer. 我对当作者的工作感兴趣。【词汇解析】interesting “有趣的”，描述事物的特征。interested “感觉有趣的”，描述人的感觉，多用于短语be interested in。I would like to collect stamps, because they are interesting. 我喜欢收集邮票，因为它们是有趣的。This is an interesting topic. 这是个有趣的话题。I am interested in Russian histor

11、y. 我对俄国历史感兴趣。【学海拾贝】 how long, how often, how soonhow long “多长”，用来提问有多长时间，答语通常是表示一段时间的话。How long are you going to stay here? Five days.How long did he live in China? More than two years也可提问长度。How long is the road? Its about 500 meters.how often “多长时间一次”，用来提问在某一特定的时间内进行某个动作的次数，答语通常是never，sometimes，qui

12、te often，usually，three times a year等表示频度的副词或短语。How often do you go to the library?Once a dayhow soon “(需要)多久”，谓语动词多用终止性动词，即某一动作要花多长时间才能完成或发生，常与将来时连用，答语常用in a weekmonthyear等。How soon can you finish the work? May be in three daysHow soon will he get here?In half an hourReading Ive been studying histor

13、y in China.【词组扫描】1. more than (=over) 2. be in style 3. a thousand years (ago) thousands of people 4. understand any culture 5. learn about Chinese history 6. for a foreigner like me 7. work far away 【句型展示】1. This is an interesting city with a very colorful history. 这是一个有着多彩历史的有趣城市。2. Some of the ol

14、d buildings in Harbin are in Russian style. 哈尔滨的一些老建筑具有俄罗斯风格。3. The first Jews probably came to Kaifeng more than a thousand years ago and were welcomed by the Song Emperor. 第一批犹太人很可能在一千多年前就来到了开封，并受到了宋朝皇帝的热烈欢迎。4. My friends in Australia said that Chinese history was very hard to understand. 我澳大利亚的朋友

15、说中国历史很难理解。5. The more I learn about Chinese history, the more I enjoy living in China. 我对中国的历史了解得越多，我就越喜欢住在中国。【固定搭配】1. be hard to do sth. 做某事很难2. the + 比较级，the + 比较级 (the more , the more )的用法 意为“越，就越”，学习下列例子，体会该结构的用法：(1) The more he gets, the more he wants. 他获得越多，他就想得越多。(2) The more she learns, the

16、more she wants to learn. 她学得越多，她就想学得越多。(3) The higher the ground is, the thinner air becomes. 地面越高，空气就变得越稀薄。(4) The harder he worked, the more he got. 他工作得越努力，他获得就越多。(5) The harder you work, the greater progress you will make. 你工作得越努力，你将取得越大的进步。(6) The more, the better. 越多越好。 (7) The sooner, the bet

17、ter. 越快越好。(8) The more English you practice, the better your English is. 你练习英语越多，你的英语就越好。(9)The busier he is, the happier he feels. 他越忙，他感觉越好。(10) The less he worried , the better he worked .他担心地越少，他工作得越好。3. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事Grammar【现在完成进行时】. 构成形式：have / has been + 动词的现在分词. 概念：表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作

18、，并且(有可能)还将持续下去。常与for, since, how long等词连用，句子中多用延续性动词，如：live，learn，study，work等。1. I have been writing the letter since 8 oclock. 从8点起我一直在写信。 （“写信”从过去一直持续到现在还在继续）2. I have been collecting stamps for ten years. 自从10年前我就收集邮票了。 （“收集邮票”从过去一直现在还在收集）。3. How long have you been living here? 你已经住在这儿多长时间了？ （“居住

19、”从过去一直到现在还在继续）4. I have been learning English since three years ago. 自从三年前以来我一直在学英语。（“学英语”从过去一直到现在，还将继续学下去）5. We have been waiting for you for half an hour. 我们已经等你半个钟头了。(“等你”从过去一直到现在，还会继续等)常用以下句型来表示: for + 一段时间have / has been + doing sth + since + 过去的时间点 since + 从句 (一般过去时) for + 时间段 = since + 时间段 +

20、agofor two days = since two days ago for five months =since five months ago for half an hour = since half an hour ago for three weeks = since three weeks ago 成龙（ Jackie Chan ）1954: born1961 now: actingHow long has Jackie Chan been acting?He has been acting for 49 years.He has been acting since 1961.

21、He has been acting since he was 7 years old. 牛刀小试A.用for/since填空。1. Ive been practicing the piano _ 10:30.2. Mario has been running _ 15 minutes.3. Sarah has been sleeping _ 9:00.4. Dale has been talking on the phone _ five minutes.5. Louie has been studying Chinese _ he was six years old.B.动词应用。1. M

22、iss Wang often _ (raise) money for charity. 2. When _ you _ class today? I _ (start) class an hour ago. 3. How long _ you _ (skate)? Ive been skating for five hours. 4. Her daughter _ (finish) writing her test an hour ago.5. My pal friend _ (send) me several old coins next Sunday.6. That collector _ (listen) to music now.7. My son woul