2017年新高考英语专题优化讲义(六选四专项)--学生版.doc

1、精锐教育哈佛北大精英创立2017年新高考英语专题优化讲义（六选四专项）-学生版.doc精锐教育1v3辅导讲义学员编号：年 级：高一课时数：3学员姓名：辅导科目：英语学科教师：杨燕娜授课类型C （六选四概述 及文章结构 分析）C （六选四技巧训 练）T能力提升授课日 期及时段2018 年 1 月 6 日 17:30-19:30教学内容#与精锐教育片布触育4一考姓一、六选四考察要求概述选句填空"（俗称"六选四"）是2017年上海高考英 语试卷中启用的题型。根据题目要求，学生需从所给的 六个选项中选取四个填入文中的空格处，使文章从内 容、语言、结构上都符合逻辑。考生在备

2、考这一部分时： 需意识到以下几点：1 .虽然每一小题都要求选择正确的句子填入文中， 但在文中不同的地方挖空，考查的能力要求也会有所不 同。如果空格处需填入主题句，考查的是对文本或段落 的概括能力，如果空格处需填入能使上下文叙述连贯的 细节，考查的则是对文章基本内容的理解能力。因此， 针对不同的空格，考生需要调整自己的思维方式， 选择 合适的策略；2 .虽然本部分属于阅读理解这一大题，同样也考查 考生的阅读理解能力，但是要注意这一题型与阅读选择 题的差异。选择题通过题干告诉考生考点在哪里，考查 目标是什么，考生就可以据此选择合适的策略来答题， 而“选句填空"则要求考生在理解文章内容和行

3、文逻辑 的基础上，自行判断空格处需填入句子的功能， 再进一 步选择合适的策略来答题。基于以上分析，建议考生在#完成“选句填空”这一部分时，可以采用以下步骤： 1.通读全初乳第胞般好理解包括文章的主题、 写作的目的、每一段的大意等；2.阅读空格所在段落, 尤其晓堆梅旬所暧整嚼辘砺搏容休新叫辆点:瓶是有根据施好包假慝殿栩鲤婶:隈旬去蹲曦褊都是3S獭句打所给的乔.个卬可处林中尊的箧询文食旃榔阴口二是#句子；.忸碑幽填内钟于顾铭羲.摩癣獭植南泉容供礼效果, 语言、结和由鼎否符合逻辑（二）主题句的位置根据表达需要，英语主题句的位置是灵活多变的。般来讲，主题句可以位于段首、段中、段尾及段前段、英语斗道题句

4、常出现的位置0WEngIKh心思想器表料编帮% s僦来都个探求彳F中心喝就tor，耦而匚口的苴Fstan(iaroodbve,明、支持湘荒底这厂主鸭的。唐映挈个目落中心思想. 一 .is both too formal ana toolTnaL It may be Topic Sentence! o主题句是全 、someone out ot your nfe altoj金1却勺发展方向。窄只nbetter or worse-are temporary核心,arv.%麓(机前most Teave-taKings-io rt the jobaffairs, perhaps in an attemp

5、t to escape implications of finality, many people now say (Bye bye* instead; othersm o a +k；? no r'f voii Hi r11 «r n n in/r h：+ nf精锐哈解北大精英创立提示在本段中要阐述的观点，而不是整篇文章中要说明 的问题。在语言结构上，主题句往往包括一个中心主 题和一个需要在段落中加以发展的核心部分。中心主题指出本段讲的是什么人或什么事物，核心部分则指出本 段侧重该人物或该物的某个或某些方面。Praise is likesunlight to the huma

6、n spirit. 这句的 中心 主题是 praise（赞扬），其段落将围绕着”对人的精神来说.praise （赞扬）就像阳光一样"这个思路发展。离开了这个思想， 就将意味着偏离主题。一个好的主题句，要立论严谨、 清晰明了、合乎逻辑；要全局在胸，内容具体，简明扼baby-talk more acceptable by shortening it to "Bye".2、段中主题句。主题句位于段落中间，这种情况 相对较少。Shortly after the war ended, Lincoln was shot while attending a play in a

7、Washington theater. He died within a few hours. The uncontrolled emotional reaction_of_the_nation_to_his_death_was almost unbelievable_and demonstrated_the deep esteem in which he was held Newspapers were edged with black; religious leaders gave praise of Lincoln instead of theirm精锐教育哈佛北大精英创立process

8、ion in body was taken in spring field,prepared sermons. His funeralWashington was miles long Lincoin's by train back to his former homeIllinois, but in all the major cities through which the train passed , the coffin was paraded through streets lined with sorrowful thousands. In the small towns

9、through which the train passed , bells rang in honor of the dead President. Citizens lit torches a- long the railroad track to show their last respects.3、段尾主题句。主题句放在段落末尾，目的是总 结、概括前面展开阐述的问题，以加深印象，供托效果。When we watch a person walk away from us, his image shrinks in size. But since we know that he is no

10、t shrinking, we make an unconscious correcting and see him as retaining his true stature. Past experience tells us what his true stature is with reject to our own. Any sane and dependable expectation of the future requires that he has the same stature when we next encounter him. Our perception_is th

11、us a prediction; it embrace the past and the future as well as the present4、段首段尾主题句。主题句在段首和段尾同时出7©能现。目的是强调这一主题，用以引起读者的注意，加深 印象。Good manners are important in all countries, butways of expressing good manners are different from country to country. Americans eat with knives and forks Japanese eat

12、with chopsticks. Americans say Hi when they meet; Japanese bow. Many American men open doors for women; Japanese men do not. On the surface , it appears that good manners in America are not good manners in Japan, and in a way this is true.But in any country, the only manners that are important are t

13、hose involving one person's behavior toward another person. In all countries it is good manners to behave considerately toward others andpolitelybad manners not to. It is only way of behavin that differs from country to country.5、有时，整个段落并没有代表段落中心思想的主 题句，段落主题包含在句子的字里行间这就需要读者 在认真仔细阅读的基础上进行归纳和总结。例如

14、：In 1999 you will sleep later because your job will start later in the morning. Too, machines will do most精锐、皂/哈福北大精英创立of your routine work for you. Also, you will travel to work on a moving sidewalk. Furthermore,you will talk to friends on a picture-phone. Finally, you will take longer vacations in

15、 more distant places since transportion will be so much faster and cheaper.通过阅读，我们发现整个段落的每一句，围绕主 题从不同方面说明1999年人们的日常生活工作将与今 天有所不同。所以本段的主题句可以归纳为：Life in1999 will be different from what it is today.综上所述，英语段落主题句的位置，常见的有以上 四种。其中，段首、段尾主题句尤为常见。主题句无 论 在什么位置，它都是该段落的核心部分，反映该段的中心思想。其余各句必须紧扣主题，围绕着这一中心思想 来展开。9精锐

16、教育哈佛北大精英创立、例题讲解(一)记叙文选自2017届普陀区二模A. Our baby was not doing well, so Effie financed my wife ' kip to New York for consultation with a specialist.B. Give your help to those in greater need.C. The oddest part of the whole affair is that people whom I help often help others later on.D. Effie worked

17、diligently all her life.E. " Payme whenever you like,said Effie,she saiclimbing back into her truck.“Any apples today?F. " Don' t give it to me all at once,Effie asked cheerfully at mywindow. I followed her to her truck and bought a kilo.On credit, of course. Cash was the one thing in

18、the world I lacked just then. (1) 11精锐方施iF哈佛北大精英创All pretense （借口）of payment was dropped when our funds, food and fuel decreased to alarming lows. Effie came often, always bringing some gift: a jar of peaches or some firewood. There were other generosities. （2）Effie was not a rich woman. Her income,

19、 derived from investments she had made while running an interior decorating shop, had never exceeded $ 200 a month, which she supplemented by selling her apples. But she always managed to help someone poorer.Years passed before I was able to return the money Effie had given me from time to time. She

20、 was ill now and had aged rapidly in the last year." Here, darliisaid, “is what I owe you. " （3）"Give it bacgave it to you- a little at a time. " I think sheeli there was magic in the slow discharge of a love debt.The simple fact is that I never repaid the whole amount to Effie,

21、for she died a few weeks later. By now, the few dollars Effie gave me have been multiplied many times. But a curious thing began to happen.Whenever I saw a fellow human in financialii精锐教育毒"哈佛北大精英创立#trouble, I was moved to help him. I cant affordto(this always, but in the ten years since Effie &

22、#39;death, I have indirectly repaid my debt to her.At that time, it seemed that my debt's love will go on in hearts thatwould forever go unsettled. So the account can never be marked closed, for Effie have never known her.B.（选自2017建平中学期中考试卷）难度系数：中A.B.C.D.E.Long car journeys are even less pleasan

23、tDuring the day, sleep comes in snatchesBut nothing can match them for speed and comfortYou will arrive at your destination fresh and uncrumpledYou will be utterly exhausted before you are halfway through your journeyF. Also, you are invariably faced with numerous options different airlines offer fo

24、r similar flights.通精锐方施i,哈佛北大精英创People travelling long distances frequently have to decide whether they would prefer to go by land, sea, or air. Hardly anyone can positively enjoy sitting in a train for more than a few hours. Train compartments soon get cramped and stuffy, with the monotonous rhythm

25、 of the wheels clicking on the rails which soon lures you to sleep.1. At night, when you really wish to go to sleep, you rarely manage to do so, ending up almost exhausted when reaching the destination." 2, for it is quite impossible even to read. On motorways you can, at least, travel fairly s

26、afely at high speeds, but with much time spent on roads, few service stations available and too much traffic. By comparison, ferry trips or cruises offer numerous civilized comforts. You can relax on decks, play games, meet interesting people and enjoy good foodparticularly when the sea is calm. If

27、it is not,you are likely to get seasick. Whatever the case, sea journeys take a long time. Relatively few people are prepared to sacrifice holiday time for the pleasure of travelling by sea.15播精锐夕哈佛北大精英创Aeroplanes have the reputation of being dangerous and even well-experienced travelers are intimid

28、ated by them. They also have the disadvantage of being an expensive form of transport.3. Travelling at a height of 30,000 feet far above the clouds, and at over 500 miles an hour is an exhilarating experience. You do not have to devise ways of taking your mind off your journey, for an aeroplane gets

29、 you to your destination rapidly. The real escapist can watch a film and sip champagne, yet without missing an unusual and breathtaking view of the world .You soar effortlessly over high mountains and deep valleys. You really see the shape of the land. If the landscape is hidden from the view, you c

30、an enjoy the extraordinary sight of unbroken cloud plains that stretch out for miles before you, while the sun shines brilliantly in the clear sky. The journey is so smooththat there is nothing to prevent you from reading or sleeping. However you decide to spend your time, one thing is certain:“4. ”

31、 You will never havespend the next the few days recovering from a long andarduous journey.六选四做题技巧指导1 .利用词汇复现或同义词解题重复词汇是指关键词以同一形式或不同的词性在文 章中反复出现，达到紧扣主题的目的。找到含有与关 键词相同或最接近的单词的选项，然后再来验证句意 内容是否通顺。从而达到快而准的效果。一般来说， 上下文中词汇的范畴越小，上下文的衔接关系越紧 密。例 1: People think so much of them that on all the highest pillars

32、in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general. 67A. Even being good at getting others to fight most efficiently is not being civilized.B. Most people believe those who have conquered the most nations are the greatest.C. H owever, every year conflicts between c

33、ountries and nations still claim thousands of lives.D. And not only has it won, but also because it has won, it has been in the right.E. So there has been little time to learn in,but there will17播精锐方施iF哈佛北大精英创be oceans of time in which to learn better.F.People don 'fig ht and kill each other in

34、the streets, but nations still behave like savages.例 2: You can show your child how to make choice between different brands of a product so that you can save money. 5 If he chooses the cheaperbrand, allow him to make another purchase with the money saved.A. Wise decisions.B. The value ofmoney.C. Per

35、mit the child to choose between them.D. Tell your child why he can or cannot have certain things.E. Ask yourself what things that cost money are most important to YOUF.Talk about how the money bought the thing after you leave the toy store G. The best time to teach a child anything about money is wh

36、en he shows.例 3: Nonetheless, doctors and nurses are finding that#精锐哈佛北大精英创立paying attention to what might be seen as superficial concerns hair and makeup has a positive effect on patients, with beauty regimes being bright spots in what can be a dreary journey through radiation and other therapies.2

37、A. Feeling good about oneself played a very big role in a patient ' s recovery.B. Hospitals are forming partnerships with local salons to serve their patients.C. Three more centers are scheduled to open in the United States by the end of this year.D. Because of these perceived benefits, programs

38、 focused on cosmetic solutions are spreading.E.The nationwide program has volunteer hairstylists, cosmetologists, wigmakers, etc., who make periodic appearances.In this small, out-of-the-way room, cosmetologists specialize in assisting cancer patients who lose their hair, experience changes to their

39、 skin or have breasts surgically removed.2.利用逻辑词解题逻辑词的运用在说明文和议论文中是十分常见，无论 是在完形填空还是六选四中都可以加以利用。利用前 一句话或后一句话中的逻辑词来判断所需要填入的 句子内容与前后句内容的关系，从而在选项中找到符 合此关系的内容，使得文章逻辑合理，内容流畅。表并歹U : and; also; first, second, third; firstly, secondly, thirdly; first, next, then; in the first place, in the second place; for o

40、ne thing, for another thing;to begin with, to conclude; either or neither nor ；not only but also表递进：further, furthermore; moreover; what' smore; in addition表因果：so; therefore; thus; hence; accordingly;consequently; as a result表转折与让步：however; nevertheless; though; yet; in spite of; despite; on the

41、 contrary; otherwise; while; rather than; even if/though; fortunately例 1: Do not dictate to your author; try to become him. Be his fellow- worker and accomplice.2 But if you open your mind as widely aspossible, then signs and hints of almost imperceptible（细微的）fineness, from the twist and turn of the

42、#精锐哈拂北大精英创立first sentences,will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other.C. How can we get the deepest and widest pleasure from what we read?F. If you hang back, and reserve and criticize at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you

43、 read.例 2: A generation ago in the US, if you heard a friend talking about having a gig, chances were that your friend was a musician . 67 Self-employment,contract or freelance work, temporary jobs- just about anything that isn't full-time - can be described as a gig.B. These temporary workers c

44、annot be categorized into gig workers.C. But the phrase has now evolved to describe different methods of short-term work.D. Most of the gig workers treasure the golden opportunity and regard it as a lifetime job.21m精锐哈伊北大精英创立3.利用细节句与主题句的区别解题这一技巧需要与空所在位置结合起来分析。主题句通 常在段首，总结句通常在段尾，相当于再次点题。这 两个位置多是需要概括性

45、强的语句一一主题句。而在段中通常是补充说明内容和议论过程，通常是需要含有内容的语句一一细节句。先判断空的位置，然后在 选项中筛选细节句与主题句。例 1: Self Expression5There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas music, acting,drawing building, photography. You may find that your child is attracted by one more than anotherC. We can give kids chances to think about mat

46、erials in new ways.G. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.例 2: Self-esteem is the measurement or the value of how a person knows his worth and its effects are life-changing and dramatic, since it makes up a person ' s attitude and outlook towards life.67 But w

47、hen self-esteem is low, you can either sulk and- be sad or be afraid to try out new things or take risks- and chances with your love-life, career, relationships and self-improvement.A. Simply put, self-esteem is the fuel that makes you feel important or loved by others.#to精锐教育 肉草逑哈佛北大精英创上E. When you

48、r self-esteem is high, you are less likely to be affected by these situations.例 3: Until now, predicting exactly what makes a bestseller was somewhat of a mystery, yet researchers from New York claim to have created an algorithm （算法）to do just that. By analyzing the words used in classic books, the

49、algorithm was able to correctly predict which books were bestsellers, and which were less successful, in 84 percent of cases.67E. Overall, they found that successful books contained a high number of nouns and adjectives and plenty of quotes.F. The most popular books also featured more verbs relating

50、 to“thoughtprocessing " such asrecognized and remembered .4.利用代词指代关系解题英语中代词分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、 指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词 等等。当一个句子中出现这样的代词就意味着在其上下 问中需要把这层指代关系交代清楚，因此我们可以通过23语境中内容（或代词）和选项中代词（或内容）的呼应 关系来解题。例子（1）: It doesn' tmatter which productivity bird represents your work style. （70）It depend

51、s on your environment and energy levels. Do you have the drive to get up early or stay up late? While others are dreaming, make your dreams real.B. Many believe being night owls is better.E. They both can work.例子（2） You have the same amount of time each day as everyone else. If you want to reach you

52、r goals and dreams you have to be willing to pay the price.（67）Sometimes it is your time. Sometimes it is money. And sometimes it is sleep. One of the best times25to get ahead and bein the zoneis whenis sleeping. Get up early. Or stay up late. Those are your choices.C. Not watching mindless TV or en

53、dlessly surfing the Net.D. That sacrifice often involves giving up something.6精锐教育哈僻北大精英创立ct for例子（3） For a while, the gig trend was seen as a temporary response to the Great Recession. Victims of downsizing took on as-needed jobs or tried to make a go of entrepreneurship because that's all that

54、 was available.（69）.However, this did not happen on the scale they hoped. This shift means that driving for ride-sharing services like Uber or Lyft has become one of the most common new jobs in the US. Surveys find that many gig economy workers are happy with their new roles with the hourly pay may

55、be better than what they earned as permanent employees. They may enjoy work- hour flexibility that ' s pe their family or education needs. And they may even find they good at being their own boss.DsTthey）屈aeQchnomy ermvnend. hiring would return B. These temporary workers cannot be categorized in

56、to gig workers.5.利用句子中心实词解题句子中心实词是指在一个句子表达中需要占据句子主干或者中心意思的一类实词。 和代词一样，当一个精锐教育哈佛北大精英创立句子中出现了表达某一特点概念的中心实词时， 该句上 下文就应该围绕这样的中心来展开，也就是说正确选项 中不能呈现上下文没有交代的一个中心实词，因此我们 可以利用这一现象来帮助我们找到正常选项或者排除错误选项。ys Moi例子（1） （68）Ask yourself what problem the audience wants to solve, and talk about that problem first. "

57、;Thenand only then, talk about what you are good at as the solution to that problem," s“ Audiencesstart off by asking why. Why am I here? Why should I care? If you answer those questions early, then they ' ask how. Your job is to answer the why question first and then address the how.”A. Be

58、 relevant to your audienceC. Focus on one theme, and eliminate everything else.例子（2） It is possible they are, but they are not the most civilized. Animals fight, so do savages; so to be good at fighting is to be good in the way an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. 68 People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be a