高中非谓语动词详解

1、 非谓语动词【考点一】非谓语动词用法之不定式：（1） 动词不定式：（to)+do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。1、 不定式的形式： 主动 被动一般式进行式完成式否定式：1） 一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作_,例如：We plan to pay a visit.2) 进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作_,例如：The boy pretended to be working hard. He seems to be reading in his room.3) 完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作_,例如：I happened to have seen the film. He is pleas

2、ed to have met his friend.2、 不定式的句法功能：1） 作主语：（动词不定式短语作主语时，常用形式主语it作形式主语）To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard._2) 作表语：Her job is to clean the hall.3) 作宾语：常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：（口诀）决心学会想希望，decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish,拒绝设法愿假装。Refuse,manage,care,pretend,主动答应选计划，offer,promise,choose,p

3、lan,同意请求帮一帮。agree,ask/beg,help此外， afford,strive（斗争）等也要用不定式作宾语。eg.She pretended not to see me when I passed by.如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面。eg.Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.4作宾语补足语：下列动词后在主动语态中用不带to的不定式作补语，但在被动语态中要加上to:它们是“吾看三室两厅一感觉”5看(look at,see,watch,

4、notice,observe);3使(make,let,have);2听(listen to,hear);1感觉(feel).以上动词还可用现在分词作宾语补足语（5+3+2+1-2+4）：即以上动词除let,make外都可以用现在分词作宾语补足语，此外find,catch,keep,have也可以用现在分词作宾语补足语。eg.At that time,I found him crying in the street. He was caught stealing,Im sorry to have kept you waiting or such a long time. The missing

5、 boys were last seen playing near the river.动词不定式可充当宾语补足主，关注：I saw him cross the road(变被动）=_5) 作定语：动词不定式作定语，入在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系：A) 动宾关系：I have a meeting to attend.注意：不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词，eg.He found a good house to live_. The child has nothing to worry_.B)说明所修饰名词的内容：We have made a

6、 plan to finish the work.C)被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语：He is the first to get there.6) 作状语：A) 表目的，He worked day and night to get the money.B) 注意不定式放名首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：判断正误：To save money,every means has been tried,( )To save money,he has tried every means.( )B) 表结果：He arrived late to find the train gone.此时常用only放在不定

7、式前表示强调意料之外或遗憾之情：I visited him only to find him out.C) 表原因：They were very sad to hear the news.7) 作独立成分：常在写作中使用，Eg.to tell the truth,to begin/start with,to be honest/frank,to be frank,to make thing worse,to sum up等。To tell the truth,this is all that I have known.【考点二】非谓语之V-ing1. V-ing的形式：语态 主动式 被动式一般

8、式完成式2. V-ing考点透析：1） 在句中的作用： 主语 宾语 定语 表语 状语 补语动名词现在分词动名词在历年的高考中占有重要位置，是高考的热点内容之一，其构成：doing/being done1. 用法：1）主语：Swimming is good for us. 2）宾语：I love singing. 3）表语：His hobby is collecting stamps. 4）定语：There is a swimming pool./There is a pool for swimming.其考点分布如下：1、 作主语1) _(expose)to sunlight for too

9、much time will do harm to ones skin.2) Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview._(have)the answers ready will be of great help.3) _(eat)provides us with essential nutrients（营养）,while_(breathe) provides us with oxygen.必背：动词的-ing形式的几个常用写作句型：It is no use crying over spilt milk. 作无益的后悔是没有用的。Its

10、a waste of time arguing about it.争论这事是浪费时间。Its no good talking to him.和他谈话是没用的。Its worth making an effort.努力一下是值得的。There is no denying that.无可否认.2、 作宾语动名词和动词不定式都可在句子中作主语和宾语。重难点：1. 只能接动名词作宾语的动词：考虑建议盼原谅，consider/suggest/advise,look forward to,excuse,pardon,承认推迟没得想。Admit,delay/put off,fancy,避免错过继续练，avo

11、id,miss,keep/keep on,practice,否认完成停欣赏，deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate,不禁介意准逃亡.cant help,mind,allow/permit,escape,imagine,forbid,risk此外be used to,look forward to,lead to,devote to,stick to,object to,get down to,pay attention to,cant stand（无法忍受），feel like,insist on,put off,thank you for,apologize for,be

12、busy (in),have difficulty/trouble(in),have a good/wonderful/hard time(in)等动词词组也要用动名词作宾语。 填一填:1) I really appreciate_(have)time to relax with you on its nice island.2) He got well-prepared for the job interview,for he couldnt risk_(lose)the good opportunity.3) The squirrel was lucky that it just miss

13、ed_(catch).4) The officers narrowly escaped_(kill)in the hot battle.5) Mr.Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to_(set)up some schools for poor children.6) The letter he looked forward to_(arrive)last week.7) Isnt it time you got down to_(mark)the papers?8) -How do you deal with the disagreeme

14、nt between the company and the customers? -The key_(solve)the problem is to meet the demand_(make)by the customers.2. 既能接不定式又能接动名词，但意思不同的动词或词组：forget to do sth._ forget doing sth._Remember to do sth._ remember doing sth._Regret to do sth._ regret doing sth._Stop to do sth._ stop doing sth._Try to do

15、 sth._ try doing sth._Mean to do sth._ mean doing sth._Go on to do sth._ go on doing sth._Cant help to do sth._ cant help doing sth._ 填一填:1) -You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. -Well,now I regret_(do)that.2) In some parts of London,missing a bus means_(wait)for another hour.3)

16、 Do you remember_(meet)me at a party last year?3. 在动词need,want,require之后，可以用动名词的主动式作宾语，表达被动意义；而其后接动词不定式时，须用被动式表达被动意义。eg.The library needs_(clean),but itll have to wait until Sunday.3、 做定语1. V-ing形式作前置定语，表示用途，即“用来做.”或表示性质，即“.的”eg.reading room阅览室 swimming pool游泳池 The exciting news令人振奋的消息 a boring spee

17、ch令人乏味的演出2. V-ing短语作后置定语，往往表示正在发生或与谓语动词同时发生的动作，其作用相当于一个定语从句。eg.The man standing by the window(=_)is our teacher. The man breaking the law(=_)was sentenced to death.1) When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door_(read)”Sorry to miss you,Ill call later.”2) The girl_(sit)under that tree is

18、my sister.4、 V-ing作状语用法1. 现在分词的主动式表示动作是由句子主语发出，而被动式表明主语承受该动作。eg._(notice)by so many people,she felt nervous,_(not know)what to say.2. 现在分词在句中作状语时可表示时间、原因、条件、伴随和结果等。通常可以改为相应的从句或并列句。eg.Walking along the street,he met his old friend.=_ Not having received his reply,she decided to write a second letter.

19、=_Seeing from the top of hill,you will find the city more beautiful.=_All the students sat in the classroom,waiting for their new English teacher.=_My parents went to the park yesterday,leaving me alone at home.=_注意：当分词在句中作结果状语，其逻辑主语为前面整个句字时。eg.European football is played in80 countries,making it th

20、e most popular sport in the world.【考点三】非谓语之过去分词过去分词考点透视1、 作表语过去分词作表语并无“完成”或“被动”之意，而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等。eg.He looked worried after reading the letter.看完之后，他显得很忧虑。 When we heard of it,we were deeply moved.当我们听到这件事后，被深深地感动了。 He seemed quite delighted at the idea 听到这个想法，他似乎很高兴。 The door remained locked. (Rem

21、ain仍然是=seem=appear+-ed/-ing)1) _(surprise)and happy,Tony stood up and accepted the prize.2) _(lose) in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.3) _(tire)of playing football,he went back to the classroom.4) _(face)with difficulty,he rushed forward bravely.常见的作表语的过去分词有：Be worried about,be f

22、aced with,be devoted to,be born in,be involved in,be pleased with,Be married to,be surprised at/by,be interested in,be satisfied with2、 过去分词作定语考点透视1. 过去分词作定语，作用相当于一个被动语态定语从句。eg.The book,written in1957,tells the struggle of the miners.=_2. 单个过去分词作定语常放在所修饰的名词之前。eg.They decided to change the used mater

23、ial,3. 过去分词常表示动作发生的时间早于谓语动词，或者没有时间性，只表示被动关系。eg.The question discussed(=_)is very important.(既表被动又表完成） I dont like to see letters written(=_)in pencil(没有一定的时间性，只表被动 )4. 注意过去分词与其它非谓语形式作定语的区别：The meeting being held(=_)now is very important.The meeting held(=_)yesterday is very important.The meeting to

24、be held(=_)tomorrow is very important.3、 过去分词作状语考点透视现在分词在句中作状语时可表示时间、原因、条件、伴随和结果等。通常可以改为相应的从句或并列句。eg.1.Frightened by the noise in the night,the girl didnt dare to sleep in her room.=_ 2.When heated,water can be changed into steam.=_ 3.Given more attention,the cabbages could have grown better.=_ 4.Th

25、e hunter left his house,followed by his dog.=_ 5.Left alone at home,Sam did not feel afraid at all.=_填一填1） As soon as she entered the room,the girl caught sight of the flowers_(buy)by her mother.2) The first textbooks_(write)for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the16th century.3) D

26、ont use words,expressions phrases_(know)only to people with specific knowledge.4) Prices of daily goods_(buy)through a computer can be lower than store prices.5) Most of the artists_(invite)to the party were from South Africa.6) From the date_(mark)on the gold coin,we decided that it was made five h

27、undred years ago.非谓语在语法填空题中【解题技巧】 当句中已有谓语动词又没有并列连词与括号中的动词并列，该动词就是非谓语动词。动名词（表一般意义）或不定式形式（表具体意义）作目的的状语或在形容词后作状语，用不定式；作伴随状语或定语，要根据与逻辑主语的关系，用现在分词或过去分词en时也要根据名式搭配来确定，如：see/hear/notice sb.do/doing sth.,spend.doing sth.等。具体解题技巧如下：第一步：若句中已有谓语，也不是作并列谓语时，应为非谓语动词。第二步：根据非谓语动词在句中所作句子成分、句式的特殊要求，或某些词语的特殊要求，确定用哪种非谓

28、语动词形式。如作目的状语一般 用不定式形式，作主语或宾语用-ing形式或不定式，在enjoy,finish等动词后作宾语用ing形式，在decide,refuse等动词后作宾语要用不定式形式等等。第三步：确定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语是主动还是被动关系。第四步：根据非谓语动词的动作与谓语动词的动作发生的先后关系确定用一般式还是用完成式。填一填1) I noticed a man_(sit) at the front.2) He suddenly appeared in class one day,_(wear)sun glasses.3) “In the beginning,there was o

29、nly a very small amount of unfairness in the world,but everyone added a little,always_(think)that it was only small and not very important,and look where we have ended up today.”4) She wished that he was as easy_(pleased)as her mother,who was always delighted with perfume.5) For example,the Proverb,

30、”plucking up a crop_(help)it grow”,is based on the following story.6) While she was getting me_(settle)into a tiny but clean room,the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car.7) Freud was one of the first scientists_(make)serious research of the mind.The mind is the collection of activit

31、ies_(base)in the brain that involve how we act,think,feel and reason.He used long talks with patients and the study of dreams_(search)for the causes of mental and emotional problems,He also tried hypnosis(催眠）.He wanted to see if _(put)patients into a sleep-like condition would help ease_(trouble)minds.In most cases he found the effects only temporary.Freud worked hard,although what he did might sound eady.His method involved_(sit)with his patients and_(listen)to their talk.He had them_(talk