非谓语动词及经典例题汇编

1、 英语 语法整理 ：非谓语动词 时间： 非谓语动词一、非谓语动词种类及句法功能（一）概述：在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有动词不定式（the Infinitive）；动名词（the Gerund）；现在分词（the Present Participle）；过去分词（the Past Participle）。非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有：1）非谓语动词可以有名词作用（如动词不定式和动名词），在句中做主语、宾语、表语。2）非谓语动词可以有形容词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。3）非谓语动词可以有副词作用（如动词不定

2、式和分词），在句中作状语。（二）非谓语动词的句法功能：类别语   法   功   能主语宾语宾语补足语表语定语状语不定式动名词  现在分词  过去分词  二、非谓语动词用法：1、不定式的形式：主 动被 动一般式to writeto be written进行式to be writing/完成式to have writtento have been written1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后，例如：Im glad to me

3、et you./He seems to know a lot./We plan to pay a visit./He wants to be an artist.2）进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，例如：The boy pretended_./He seems to be reading in his room.3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，例如：I regretted to have told a lie./I happened to have seen the film./He is pleased to have met his f

4、riend.句法功能用法例句作主语常用形式主语it代替，而将不定式置于句尾It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything.他不给他们任何东西，这好像太自私了。作宾语作动词的宾语He has determined to settle down in the countryside. 他决定到乡村去安家落户了。“疑问词+不定式”可作介词的宾语We are talking about how to overcome the present difficulties. 我们正在讨论如何克服当前的困难。作表语表示主语的具体内容、目的等，有将来时间的意

5、义His dream is to be a lawyer. 他的梦想是成为一名律师。作定语置于被修饰词的后面，表示要做的动作At last he had a chance to go abroad. 他终于有了一个出国的机会。作状语表示原因、目的、结果、评论等She burst into laughter to see his funny action.看到他滑稽的动作，她大笑起来。He shouted and waved to be noticed. 他边喊边挥手，以便引起别人的注意。He woke up to find everybody gone. 他醒了过来，结果发现大家都走了。To

6、be honest, I dont like western food. 说实话，我不喜欢西餐。作补足语大多数动词后的补足语用带to 的不定式We all expected him to win the contest. 我们都期望他能在竞赛中获胜。使役动词、感官动词等后的补足语用不带to的不定式He noticed a young man enter the office. 他注意到一个年轻男人进了办公室。2、动名词的形式：主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done否定式：not + 动名词1）一般式：Seeing is

7、believing. 眼见为实。2）被动式：He came to the party without_. 他未被邀请就来到了晚会。3）完成式：We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。4）完成被动式：He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. 他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。5）否定式：not + 动名词I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。6）复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+ 动名词He sug

8、gested our trying it once again. His not knowing English troubled him a lot. 句法功能用法例句作主语表示一种概念，习惯或经验，有时用it作形式主语，常见于 Its (no) use/ good/ fun, Its useful/good/ nice/ useless等句式中Swimming is the best sport in summer. 游泳是夏天最好的运动。Its no good doing that. 那么做没有好处。作宾语即可作动词的宾语，也可作介词的宾语。宾语后若有补足语，常用it作形式宾语We ar

9、e considering changing our plan. 我们正在考虑改变计划。We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。We found it no good arguing with others. 我们发现同别人争论不好。作表语表示抽象性或习惯性的动作，说明主语的内容，可与主语互换位置My hobby is collecting stamps. 我的爱好是集邮。My sons favorite sport is playing ping-pong. 我儿子最喜欢的运动是打乒乓球。

10、作定语表示被修饰名词的用途，在意义上相当于“名词+for +doing”Many people were sitting on the bench in the waiting room. 许多人坐在候车室的长凳上。He has just stepped out of the swimming pool. 他刚刚走出泳池。3、现在分词的形式：主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done否定式：not + 现在分词1）现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示

11、的动作之前发生，常作状语。例如：They went to the park, singing and talking. /Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 2）现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。The problem being discussed is very important. /Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake. 4、过去分词的形式：done 分词的句法

12、功能用法例句作状语表示时间、原因、结果、方式或伴随等，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致。句子主语是分词表示的动作的执行者，用现在分词；是承受者，则用过去分词We opened the window, letting the fresh air in. 我们打开窗户，让新鲜空气进来。The soldiers lay on the ground, covered with nothing.这些战士什么也没有盖就那样躺在地上。作定语单个分词作定语一般前置，分词短语作定语一般后置。现在分词作定语表示主动、进行，及物动词的过去分词作定语表示被动、完成，但不及物动词的过去分词只表示完成不表示被动。The sl

13、eeping baby is my sisters son.那个正在睡觉的婴儿是我姐姐的儿子。Who are the so-called guests invited to your party last night?昨晚别你邀请来参加聚会的那些所谓的客人们是谁？They are both retired teachers.他们都是退休教师。作表语现在分词作表语表示主语所具有的特征，过去分词作表语表示主语因外部原因产生的某种状态或感受。作表语的分词相当于形容词。The argument is very convincing.这个论点很令人信服。His father was satisfied

14、with his answer.他父亲对他的回答很满意。作补足语现在分词作补足语说明宾语执行的动作正在进行；过去分词作补足语表示动作的被动性或完成性。I noticed a group of children playing football on the playground.我注意到一群孩子正在操场上踢足球。He felt himself cheated.他感到自己被骗了。5、独立主格结构逻辑主语+现在分词The manager being ill, he is in charge of the company for the time being.经理病了，他暂时管理公司。逻辑主语+过去

15、分词This done, we will go home.做完这个我们就回家。逻辑主语+不定式So many people to help, he is sure to succeed.有如此多的人来帮助他，他一定会成功的。注意：（1）除非谓语动词外，逻辑主语与介词短语、形容词、名词等也可以构成独立主格结构。He sat there, his eyes on her back.他坐在那里，眼睛望着她的背影。He sat in the front row, his mouth half open.他坐在前排，嘴半张着。(2) 独立主格结构前有时额带介词with 或者without.Dont sl

16、eep with the window open. 别开着窗子睡觉。2012年高考全国英语试题语法分类汇编之非谓语动词1Having finished her project, she was invited by the school to the new students.AspeakingBhaving spokenCto speakDto have spoken2John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter him it.AofferedBofferingCto offerDto be offe

17、red3. Were having a meeting in half an hour. The decision _ at the meeting will in the future of our company.A. to be made B. being made C. made D. having been made4._to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. A. Having been asked B. To ask C. Having asked D. To be asked5. This machin

18、e is very easy . Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. A. operating B. to be operating C. operated D. to operate6. I looked up and noticed a snake _ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.A. to wind B. wind C. winding D. wound7. Before driving into the city, you are required to get your

19、car _.A. washed B. wash C. washing D. to wash高666考%8. I make $2,000 a week, 60 surely wont make _ difference to me.A. that a big B. a that big C. big a that D. that big a 9._ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad .A. Standing B. To stand C. StoodD. Stand10.If he takes on

20、 this work, he will have no choice but _ an even greater challenge.A. meets B. meeting C. meet D. to meet11. One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them.A. corrects B. correct C.to correct D. correcting12. _ with care, one tin will last for six weeks.A. Use B. Using C. Used D. To use13. The

21、old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy _ anything that happened to be on.A. to watch B. watching C. watched D. to have watched14. Tony lent me the money, _that Id do as much for him.A. hoping B. to hope C. hoped D. having hoped15. Birds singing is sometimes a warning to other bi

22、rds _ away.A. to stay B. staying C. stayed D. stay16. He got up late and hurried to his office, _the breakfast untouched. A. leftB. to leaveC. leavingD. having left17. Film has a much shorter history, especially when_ such art forms as music and painting.A. having compared to B. comparing toC. compa

23、re to D. compared to18. The party will be held in the garden, weather .A. permitting B. to permit C. permitted D. permit19. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _. A. providing B. provided C. having provided D. provide20. George returned after the war, only _

24、 that his wife had left him. A. to be told B. telling C. being toldD. told 21.一 Have you figured out how much the trip will cost?$4,000, or like that.A. anything B. everything C. something D. nothing22. China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing

25、boats from in the South China Sea.A. attacking B. having attacked C. being attacked D. having been attacked 23. Pressed from his parents, and _that he has wasted too much time , the boy is determined to stop playing video games.A. realizing B. realized C. to realize D. being realized24."It'

26、s a such nice place," Mother said as she sat at the table_ for customs.A. to be reserved B. Living reserved C. reservingD. reserved25. I think Tom, as the head of a big department, should cither study regularly or_his job.A. quitsB. to quitC. quittingD. quit26. No matter how bright a talker you

27、 are, there are times when it's bettersilent.A. remainB. be remainingC. having remained D. to remain27.an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.A. BasedB. Basing C. BaseD. To base28. As I'll be away for at least a year, I'd appreciate _ now

28、 and then telling me how everyone is getting along.A. hearing B. to hear C. to be hearing D. having heard29. The teacher didnt feel like _ hem on the spot. A. correct B. correcting C. to correct D. corrected30. With the old man _ the way, we had no trouble in _ that cave. A. leads, find B. leading,

29、finding C. led, to find D. was leading, found31. I remember _ for the job, but I forget the exact amount. A. to pay B. paying C. to have paid D. being paid32. He was seen _ out. A. go B. to go C. went D. goes33. He hasnt got used _ in the countryside. A. live B. to live C. to living D. living34. We

30、dont allow _ in the lecture room. A. to smoke B. smoke C. smoking D. to smoking35. Im looking forward to _ from you soon. A. hear B. heard C. hearing D. being heard36. She doesnt mind _ at home alone though she may feel lonely. A. leave B. being left C. leaving D. to be left37. People from all the c

31、orners came to the city, _ it very crowded. A. to make B. and making C. made D. making38. _ all the time is the key to _ progress in English. A. Practise, making B. To practise, making C. Practise, make D. To practise, make39. Only one of these books is _. A. worth to read B. worth being read C. wor

32、th of reading D. worth reading40. They knew her very well. They had seen her _ up from childhood. A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow41. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock by the side of the path. A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest42._ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received43. European football is played in 80 countries, _ it the po