土木工程专业英语词汇[1]

1、1.建筑专业1. ARCHITECTUREa.设计依据DESIGN BASIS b.设计阶段DESIGN STAGEc.气象条件CLIMATE CONDITION d. 常用房间名称GENERAL ROOM NAMEe. 屋面及天棚ROOFING & CEILINGf. 墙体(外墙板) WALL(CLADDING)g. 地面及地沟FLOOR & TRENCHh.门、玻璃、窗及五金件DOORS 、GLASS、WINDOWS & IRONMONGERY(HARDWARE)I.楼梯、休息平台及电梯 STAIRCASE、LANDING & LIFT(ELEVATOR)j

2、.建筑材料词汇及短语 BUILDING MATERIAL WORDS AND PHRASES砖和瓦【 Bricks and Tiles 】灰、砂和石【Lime, Sand and Stone】 水泥、砂浆和混凝土【Cement, Mortar and Concrete】饰面及粉刷材料【Facing And Plastering Materials】沥青和石棉【Asphalt (Bitumen) and Asbestos】木材【Timber】金属材料【Metallic Materials 】有色金属【Non-Ferrous Metal 】防腐蚀材料【Anti-Corrosion Material

3、s】建筑五金【Building Hardware 】油漆【Paint 】k.其他建筑术语OTHER ARCHITECTURAL TERMS 专业【Discipline 】一般术语【Conventional Terms】建筑物理【Architectural Physics】职务名称【Name Of Professional role】制图【Drafting】2.结构专业2. STRUCTURE a. 负载 LOAD b.地基和基础 GROUND BASE AND FOUNDATION c.钢筋混凝土结构 REINFORCEMENT CONCRETE STRUCTURE d.钢结构 STEEL S

4、TRUCTURE e.抗震设计 DESIGN FOR ANTISEISMICf. 设计常用词汇GENERAL WORDS FOR DESIGNg.施工常用词汇 GENERAL WORDS FOR CONSTRUCTION a. 设计依据DESIGN BASIS计划建议书 planning proposals设计任务书 design order标准规范standards and codes条件图information drawing设计基础资料basic data for design工艺流程图 process flow chart工程地质资料engineering geological dat

5、a原始资料original data设计进度 schedule of designb. 设计阶段STAGE OF DESIGN方案 scheme；draft草图 sketch会谈纪要summary of discussion, minutes of meeting谈判negotiation可行性研究feasibility study初步设计 preliminary design基础设计 basic design详细设计 detail design询价图enquiry drawing施工图working drawing, construction drawing竣工图 as built draw

6、ingc. 气象条件CLIMATE CONDITION日照 sunshine风玫瑰wind rose主导风向 prevailing wind direction最大(平均)风速maximum (mean) wind velocity风荷载 wind load最大(平均)降雨量maximum (mean) rainfall雷击及闪电 thunder and lightning飓风hurricane台风typhoon旋风cyclone降雨强度rainfall intensity年降雨量annual rainfall湿球温度wet bulb temperature干球温度 dry bulb temp

7、erature冰冻期frost period冰冻线 frost line 冰冻区frost zone室外计算温度calculating outdoor temperature采暖地区 region with heating provision不采暖地区 region without heating provision绝对大气压absolute atmospheric pressure相对湿度 relative humidity d.常用房间名称GENERAL ROOM NAME服务用房service room换班室shift room休息室 rest room (break room)起居室l

8、iving room浴室bathroom淋浴间 shower更衣室locker room厕所lavatory门厅 lobby诊室 clinic工作间 workshop电气开关室 switchroom走廊corridor档案室 archive电梯机房 lift motor room会议室(正式) conference room衣柜间 ward robe暖风间 H.V.A.C room接待处 reception area会计室 accountant room秘书室 secretary room电气室 electrical room控制室 control room工长室 foreman office

9、开关柜室 switch gear前室 antecabinet (Ante.)生产区 production area马达控制中心 Mcc多功能用房 utility room化验室laboratory room经理室 manager room披 屋(阁楼) penthouse警卫室 guard housee. 屋面及天棚ROOFING AND CEILING女儿墙 parapet雨蓬 canopy屋脊 roof ridge坡度 slope坡跨比 pitch分水线 water-shed二毡三油2 layers of felt & 3 coats of bitumastic附加油毡一层extr

10、a ply of felt檐口 eave挑檐 overhanging eave檐沟 eave gutter平屋面 flat roof坡屋面 pitched roof雨水管downspout, rain water pipe)(R.W.P)汇水面积 catchment area泛水flashing内排水 interior drainage外排水 exterior drainage屋面排水 roof drainage找平层 leveling course卷材屋面 built-up roofing天棚ceiling檩条 purlin屋面板 roofing board天花板 ceiling board

11、防水层water-proof course检查孔 inspection hole人孔 ; 探空manhole吊顶suspended ceiling, false ceiling檐板(窗帘盒)cornicef.墙体(外墙板) WALL (CLADDING) 砖墙 brick wall砌块墙block wall清水砖墙 brick wall without plastering抹灰墙 rendered wall石膏板墙 gypsum board, plaster board空心砖墙 hollow brick wall承重墙 bearing wall非承重墙 non-bearing wall纵墙 l

12、ongitudinal wall横墙transverse wall外墙 external (exterior) wall内墙internal (interior) wall填充墙 filler wall防火墙 fire wall窗间墙 wall between window空心墙 cavity wall压顶 coping圈梁 gird, girt, girth玻璃隔断 glazed wall防潮层 damp-proof course (D.P.C)遮阳板sunshade阳台balcony伸缩缝 expansion joint沉降缝 settlement joint抗震缝 seismic joi

13、nt复合夹心板sandwich board压型单板corrugated single steel plate外墙板 cladding panel复合板 composite panel轻质隔断 light-weight partition牛腿 bracket砖烟囱 brick chimney勒脚(基座) plinthg. 地面及地沟FLOOR AND TRENCH地坪 grade地面和楼面ground and floor素土夯实rammed earth炉渣夯实tamped cinder填土 filled earth回填土夯实tamped backfill垫层 bedding course, bl

14、inding面层 covering, finish结合层 bonding (binding) course找平层 leveling course素水泥浆结合层 neat cement binding course混凝土地面 concrete floor水泥地面 cement floor机器磨平混凝土地面machine trowelled concrete floor水磨石地面 terrazzo flooring马赛克地面 mosaic flooring瓷砖地面 ceramic tile flooring油地毡地面linoleum flooring预制水磨 石地面 precast terrazz

15、o flooring硬木花地面 hard-wood parquet flooring搁栅joist硬木毛地面hard-wood rough flooring企口板地面tongued and grooved flooring防酸地面 acid-resistant floor钢筋混凝土楼板 reinforced concrete slab (R.C Slab)乙烯基地面vinyl flooring水磨石嵌条 divider strip for terrazzo地面做2坡 floor with 2% slope集水沟 gully集水口 gulley排水沟 drainage trench沟盖板 tre

16、nch cover活动盖板 removable cover plate集水坑 sump pit孔翻边 hole up stand电缆沟 cable trenchh. DOORS,GLASS,WINDOWS & IRONMONGERY(HARDWARE) 门、玻璃、窗及五金件木 (钢)门 wooden (steel) door镶板门 panelled door夹板门 plywood door铝合金门 aluminum alloy door卷帘门 roller shutter door弹簧门 swing door推拉门 sliding door平开门 side-hung door折叠门 f

17、olding door旋转门 revolving door玻璃门 glazed door密闭门 air-Tight door保温门thermal insulating door镀锌铁丝网门galvanized steel wire mesh door防火门 fire door(大门上的)小门 wicket门框 door frame门扇 door leaf门洞door opening结构开洞structural opening单扇门single door双扇门 double door疏散门emergency door纱门 screen door门槛 door sill门过梁 door linte

18、l上冒头 top rail下冒头 bottom rail门边木 stile门樘侧料 side jumb槽口 notch百叶窗 (通风为主)sun-bind, louver (louver, shutter, blind)塑钢窗 plastic steel window空腹钢窗 hollow steel window固定窗 fixed window平开窗side-hung window推拉窗sliding window气窗 transom上悬窗 top-hung window中悬窗 center-pivoted window下悬窗 hopper window活动百叶窗 adjustable lo

19、uver天窗 skylight老虎窗 dormer window密封双层玻璃 sealed double glazing钢筋混凝土过梁reinforced concrete lintel钢筋砖过梁 reinforced brick lintel窗扇 casement sash窗台 window sill窗台板 window board窗中梃mullion窗横木 mutin窗边木 stile压缝条cover mould窗帘盒 curtain box合页(铰链) hinge (butts)转轴 pivot长脚铰链 parliament hinge闭门器 door closer地弹簧 floor c

20、loser插销 bolt门锁 door lock拉手 pull链条 chain门钩 door hanger碰球 ball latch窗钩 window catch暗插销 insert bolt电动开关器 electrical opener 平板玻璃 plate glass夹丝玻璃 wire glass透明玻璃 clear glass毛玻璃(磨砂玻璃) ground glass (frosted glass)防弹玻璃 bullet-proof glass石英玻璃 quartz glass吸热玻璃 heat absorbing glass磨光玻璃 polished glass着色玻璃 pigmen

21、ted glass玻璃瓦 glass tile玻璃砖 glass block有机玻璃 organic glass. I 楼梯、休息平台及电梯STAIRCASE, LANDING & LIFT (ELEVATOR)楼梯间 staircase疏散梯 emergency stair旋转梯 spiral stair (circular stair)吊车梯 crane ladder直爬梯 vertical ladder踏步 step扇形踏步 winder (wheel step)踏步板 tread档步板 riser踏步宽度 tread width防滑条 non-slip insert (stri

22、ps)栏杆 railing (balustrade)平台栏杆 platform railing吊装孔栏杆 railing around mounting hole扶手 handrail梯段高度 height of flight防护梯笼 protecting cage (safety cage)平台 landing (platform)操作平台 operating platform装卸平台platform for loading & unloading楼梯平台 stair landing电梯机房 lift mortar room电梯坑 lift pit电梯井道 lift shaftj.

23、建筑材料词汇及短语BUILDING MATERIAL WORDS AND PHRASES• 砖和瓦Bricks and Tiles 红砖 red brick粘土砖 clay brick瓷砖 glazed brick (ceramic tile)防火砖 fire brick空心砖 hollow brick面砖 facing brick地板砖 flooring tile缸砖 clinkery brick马赛克 mosaic陶粒混凝土 ceramsite concrete琉璃瓦 glazed tile脊瓦 ridge tile石棉瓦 asbestos tile (shingle)

24、波形石棉水泥瓦corrugated asbestos cement sheet• 灰、砂和石 Lime, Sand and Stone石膏 gypsum大理石 marble汉白玉 white marble花岗岩 granite碎石 crushed stone毛石 rubble蛭石 vermiculite珍珠岩 pearlite卵石 cobble砾石 gravel粗砂 course sand中砂medium sand细砂fine sand• 水泥、砂浆和混凝土Cement, Mortar and Concrete波特兰水泥(普通硅酸盐水泥)Portland

25、 cement硅酸盐水泥 silicate cement火山灰水泥 pozzolana cement白水泥 white cement水泥砂浆 cement mortar石灰砂浆 lime mortar水泥石灰砂浆(混合砂浆) cement-lime mortar保温砂浆 thermal mortar防水砂浆 water-proof mortar耐酸砂浆 acid-resistant mortar耐碱砂浆 alkaline-resistant mortar沥青砂浆 bituminous mortar纸筋灰 paper strip mixed lime mortar麻刀灰 hemp cut lim

26、e mortar灰缝 mortar joint素混凝土 plain concrete钢筋混凝土 reinforced concrete轻质混凝土 lightweight concrete细石混凝土 fine aggregate concrete沥青混凝土 asphalt concrete泡沫混凝土 foamed concrete炉渣混凝土 cinder concrete 饰面及粉刷材料Facing And Plastering Materials水刷石granitic plaster斩假石 artificial stone刷浆 lime wash可赛银 casein大白浆 white wash

27、麻刀灰打底 hemp cuts and lime as base喷大白浆两道sprayed twice with white wash分格抹水泥砂浆cement mortar plaster sectioned板条抹灰 lath and plaster• 沥青和石棉 Asphalt(Bitumen) and Asbestos沥青卷材asphalt felt沥青填料 asphalt filler沥青胶泥asphalt grout冷底子油 adhesive bitumen primer沥青玛啼脂 asphaltic mastic沥青麻丝 bitumastic oakum石棉板

28、asbestos sheet石棉纤维 asbestos fiber• 木材Timber 裂缝 crack 透裂split 环裂 shake 干缩shrinkage 翘曲warping 原木 log 圆木 round timber 方木square timber 板材 plank 木条 batten 板条 lath 木板 board 红松 red pine 白松 white pine 落叶松 deciduous pine 云杉 spruce 樟木 camphor wood 防腐处理的木材preservative-treated lumber 胶合板 plywood 三(五)合

29、板 3(5)-plywood 企口板 tongued and grooved board 层夹板 laminated plank 胶合层夹木材 glue-laminated lumber 纤维板 fiber-board•金属材料 Metallic Materials 黑色金属 ferrous metal圆钢 steel Bar方钢 square steel扁钢 steel atrap型钢 steel section (shape)槽钢 channel角钢 angle steel等边角钢 equal-leg angle不等边角钢 unequal-leg angle工字钢 I-

30、beam宽翼缘工字钢 wide flange I-beam丁( 之)字钢 T-bar (Z-bar)冷弯薄壁型钢light gauge cold-formed steel shape热轧hot-rolled冷轧cold-rolled冷拉 cold-drawn冷压cold-pressed合金钢alloy steel钛合金titanium alloy不锈钢 stainless steel竹节钢筋 corrugated steel bar变形钢筋 deformed bar光圆钢筋 plain round bar钢板 steel plate薄钢板 thin steel plate低碳钢 low car

31、bon steel冷弯 cold bending钢管 steel pipe (tube)无缝钢管 seamless steel pipe焊接钢管 welded steel pipe黑铁管 iron pipe镀锌钢管 galvanized steel pipe铸铁 cast iron生铁 pig iron熟铁 wrought iron镀锌铁皮 galvanized steel sheet镀锌铁丝galvanized steel wire钢丝网 steel wire mesh多孔金属网 expanded metal锰钢 lmanaganese steel高强度合金钢 high strength a

32、lloy steel• 有色金属 Non-Ferrous Metal白金 platinum铜 copper黄铜 brass青铜 bronze银 silver铝 aluminum铅 lead• 防腐蚀材料Anti-Corrosion Materials聚乙烯 polythene, polyethylene尼龙 nylon聚氯乙烯 PVC (polyvinyl chloride)聚碳酸酯 polycarbonate聚苯乙烯 polystyrene丙烯酸树酯 acrylic resin乙烯基酯 vinyl ester橡胶内衬 rubber lining氯丁橡胶

33、 neoprene沥青漆 bitumen paint环氧树脂漆 epoxy resin paint氧化锌底漆 zinc oxide primer防锈漆 anti-rust paint耐酸漆 acid-resistant paint耐碱漆 alkali-resistant paint水玻璃 sodium silicate树脂砂浆 resin-bonded mortar环氧树脂 epoxy resin• Building Hardware 建筑五金钉子 nails螺纹屋面钉spiral-threaded roofing nail环纹石膏板钉annular-ring gypsum

34、 board nail螺丝 screws平头螺丝 flat-head screw螺栓 bolt普通螺栓 commercial/plain bolt高强螺栓 high strength bolt预埋螺栓 insert bolt胀锚螺栓 cinch bolt垫片 washer•油漆 Paint 底漆 primer防锈底漆 rust-inhibitive primer防腐漆 anti-corrosion paint调和漆 mixed paint无光漆 flat paint透明漆 varnish银粉漆 aluminum paint磁漆 enamel paint干性油 drying

35、oil稀释剂 thinner焦油 tar沥青漆 asphalt paint桐油 tung oil, Chinese wood oil红丹 red lead铅油 lead oil腻子 puttyk. OTHER ARCHITECTURAL TERMS 其它建筑术语• 专业Discipline建筑 architecture土木 civil给排水 water supply and drainage总图 plot plan采暖通风 H.V.A.C (heating、ventilation and air conditioning)电力供应 electric power supply

36、电气照明 electric lighting电讯 telecommunication仪表 instrument热力供应 heat power supply动力 mechanical power工艺 process technology管道 piping• 一般通用名词Conventional Terms 建筑原理 architectonics建筑形式 architectural style民用建筑 civil architecture城市建筑 urban architecture农村建筑 rural architecture附属建筑 auxiliary buildings城

37、市规划 city planning厂区内 within site厂区外 off site封闭式 closed type开敞式 open type半开敞式 semi-open type模数制 modular system单位造价 unit cost概算 preliminary estimate承包商 constructor, contractor现场 site扩建 extension改建 reconstruction防火 fire-prevention防震 aseismatic, quake-proof防腐 anti-corrosion防潮 dump-proof防水 water-proof防尘

38、dust-proof防锈 rust-proof车流量 traffic volume货流量 freight traffic volume人流量 pedestrian volume透视图 perspective drawing建筑模型 building model• 建筑物理 Architectural Physics照明illumination照度degree of illumination亮度brightness日照 sunshine天然采光 natural lighting光强light intensity侧光 side light顶光top light眩光 glaze方

39、位角 azimuth辐射 radiation对流 convection传导 conduction遮阳 sun-shade保温 thermal insulation恒温 constant temperature恒湿 constant humidity噪音 noise隔音 sound-proof吸音sound absorption露点dew point隔汽 vapor-proof 职务名称Name Of Professional role项目经理 project manager (PM)设计经理 design manager首席建筑师principal architect总工程师 chief en

40、gineer土木工程师 civil engineer工艺工程师 process engineer电气工程师 electrical engineer机械工程师 mechanical engineer计划工程师 planning engineer助理工程师 assistant engineer实习生 probationer专家 specialist, expert制图员 draftsman技术员 technician• 制图 Drafting总说明 general specification工程说明 project specification采用标准规范目录list of st

41、andards and specification adopted图纸目录 list of drawings平面图 plan局部放大图 detail with enlarged scale平面示意图 schematic plan of.平剖面图 sectional plan of.留孔平面图 plan of provision of holes剖面 section纵剖面longitudinal section横剖面 cross (transverse) section立面 elevation正立面 front elevation透视图 perspective drawing侧立面 side e

42、levation背立面 back elevation详图 detail drawings典型节点 typical detail节点号 detail No.首页 front page图纸目录及说明list of contents and description图例legend示意图diagram草图 sketch荷载简图load diagram流程示意图 flow diagram标准图standard drawing布置图.layout of .地形图topographical map土方工程图 earth-work drawing展开图 developed drawing模板图formwork

43、 drawing配筋arrangement of reinforcement表格 tables工程进度表 working schedule技术经济指标technical and economical index建、构筑物一览表list of buildings and structures编号 coding序列号serial No.行和栏rows and columns备注 remarks等级grade直线straight Line曲线curves曲折线 zigzag line虚线 dotted line实线 solid line影线 hatching line点划线 dot and dash

44、 line轴线 axis等高线 contour Line中心线center Line双曲线hyperbola抛物线 parabola切线 tangent Line尺寸线dimension Line园形 round环形 annular方形 square矩形 rectangle平行四边形 parallelogram三角形 triangle五角形 pentagon六角形 hexagon八角形 octagon梯形 trapezoid圆圈 circle弓形 sagment扇形 sector球形的 spherical抛物面 paraboloid圆锥形 cone椭圆形 ellipse, oblong面积 area体积 volume容量 capacity重量 weight质量 mass牛顿/平方米 Newton/square meter千克/立方米 kilogram/cubic meter加仑 gallon千磅 kip平均尺寸average dimension变尺寸 variable dimension外形尺寸 overall dimension展开尺寸 developed dimension内径 inside diameter外径 outside diameter净重 net weight毛重 g