动词的时态和语态

1、 一动词的时态：1一般体：表示状态存在，拥有，感情，感觉等或瞬间结束的动词常用一般体。心理状态动词：know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate。瞬间动词：accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse. 系动词：seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, fe

2、el, taste, get, become, turn11一般现在时：（1）表示人或物现在的状况或习惯性，经常性动作。He usually goes to work by bus everyday.（2）表客观规律，真理。（3）在时间，让步，方式或条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时表示将来时间。 Tell me where she is as soon as you find her.12一般过去时：（1）表示过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，句中常有yesterday, last week等。 At that time, he worked as an assistant in a shoe

3、shop.（2）Used to do表过去经常发生但现在已经不再维持的动作。 He used to smoke a lot, but he gave it up after the operation.（3）注意区分：It is time for sb. to do sth. 到某人做某事的时间了It is time (that)sb. did sth. 时间已迟了；早该了It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。13一般将来时：表将来某个时间会发生的动作，常与tomorrow, next

4、 year, in 2030连用。2进行体：强调动作的持续性，表动作正在进行，尚未结束。21现在进行时：（1）表目前一段时间正在进行的活动。 Were having a grammar lesson now.（2）表赞叹，抱怨的强烈感情，与always, continually, again连用。 Why are we always having chicken and rice? Its boring!（3）短暂性动作的动作，如arrive, come, go, leave, start等，用现在进行时表将来。 I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow by tra

5、in.22过去进行时：（1）表过去某个时间正在发生的动作。 What were you doing at nine last night?（2）描述一个延续动作正在进行中，被一个短暂动作打断，前者用进行时，后者用一般时。 He was walking by the lake when he heard someone crying for help. 3完成体： 31现在完成时：（1）表动作发生在过去并已经完成，但强调其后果及影响，常见时间状语为just, already, yet, ever, never. This is the best movie I have ever seen. （

6、2）表过去开始的动作持续到现在，也许还会继续持续。 He is an actor. He has been in 8 films so far. 32过去完成时：（1）表在过去某个时间或动作前已经完成的动作，“过去的过去。” There had been 125 parks up till 2000. （2）用于hardlywhen和no soonerthan句型中。 No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang.（3）表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等

7、，用过去完成时表示“原本，未能”。We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt. 4. 混合体： 41过去将来时：表过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或状态，常用与主句为过去时的宾语从句中。 He was sure he would win the game. 42现在完成进行时：表动作从过去某一时间发生一直持续到现在，可能已终止，也可能还在进行。强调过程中动作一直进行，未曾中断。 He has been teaching English for 30 years. 比较下面句子： She has been writing a love story

8、and she hopes to finish it next month. 动作未完成，还在延续。 She has written a love story and she hopes it will sell well. 动作已完成。二动词的语态：语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。 1被动语态的构成：be+过去分词。 情态动词的被动形式：情态动词 + be done （一般时） 情态动词 + have been done （完成时） 2被动语态的用途：强调动作的承受者，无需指出动作的执行者是谁。 常见的报道句型：It is said

9、/reported/believed/expected that 3. 主动形式表被动语态： 动词不定式可表示被动含义，当使用不定式的被动形式时，含义不同： I have a lot of clothes to wash. （主语I是WASH动作的执行者）I have a lot of clothes to be washed. (wash的动作由另外一个人来执行)。Need/want/require doing sth=need/want/require to be doneBe worth doing=be worthy of being done动词lock, sell, read, w

10、rite, ride等用于描述事物本身特性，多用主动语态表被动含义。The book sells well./ The pen writes smoothly. 4不用被动语态的情况：不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：appear, die disappear, end (vi.结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place. 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit, have, h

11、old, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to 一练习题：1(2011年济南一中阶段测试)The teacher told us that light _faster than sound.Atraveled Bhad traveledCis traveling Dtravels2(2011年山东东营胜利一中模拟)What w

12、ere you doing when Lucy _in yesterday?I had just finished my homework and _to take a shower.Adropping；start Bhad dropped；startedCdropped；have started Ddropped；was starting3(2011年高考预测卷)I _to go for a walk，but someone called and I couldn't get away.Awas planning BplannedChad planned Dwould plan4(2

13、011年高考预测卷)Thank God！It's a fine day.The rain _！But I don't know how long it will stay fine.Ais stopping Bhas stoppedCstopped Dwill stop5(2011年东北四市联考)Mom，where is my lunch pack?Just where it _.Ahas been Bhad beenCwas Dbe6As soon as he comes back, Ill tell him when _ and see him. （05

14、北京）Ayou will come     Bwill you come     Cyou come      Ddo you come7They_on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we_ it as no good results have come out so far. （05江苏）Ahad been working; are still wor

15、king     Bhad worked; were still workingChave worked; were still working       Dhave worked; are still working8- What would you do if it_ tomorrow? （05全国）- We have to carry it on, since weve got everything ready .Arain    

16、60;   Brains       Cwill rain         Dis raining9(2011年西安五大名校模拟)The places of interest in Xi'an attract my family all the time，and I hope we _ourselves this time next year.Aare enjoying Bare to enjoyCwill enjoy Dwil

17、l be enjoying10(2011年河北唐山二模)Better not throw waste paper here and there.I'm so sorry，but I _the waste paper basket.Awon't see Bwasn't seeingCdidn't see Ddon't see11-_David and Vicky _married?-For about three years(2003北京)AHow long were；being    BHow long have；gotCH

18、ow long have；been     DHow long did；get12(2011年长沙模拟)A killer whale at Sea World Orlando jumped out of its tank on Wednesday and fatally attacked a worker as horrified visitors_.Ahas been looking up Blooked onChad looked off Dwas looking in13(2011年全国大联考)Mum，you really need to have

19、 a rest！You _in the kitchen ever since you came back home three hours ago.Ahad worked Bwere workingChave been working Dworked14(2011年湖南师中附中)Who do you think _the book here?It may be John. He was sitting here all the morning.Awas leaving BleavesChad left Dhas left15(2011年石家庄质检)Tom is so joyful that h

20、e smiles at everyone.So_you if you get the first in the exam.Ado BareCwould Dwill16Years ago we didnt know this, but recent science_ that people who dont sleep well will soon get ill.（05广东）Ashowed    Bwill show    Chas shown   Dis showing17The coffee is wonder

21、ful! It doesnt taste like anything I _before. （05全国卷II）Awas having   Bhave   Chave ever had         Dhad ever had 18. Now that she is out of job, Lucy _ going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet. (04北京)Ahad considered  

22、  Bhas been consideringCconsidered        Dis going to consider19With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth_ each year. （05山东）Ais washing away               &

23、#160;      Bis being washed awayCare washing away                     Dare being washed away 20-The window is dirty.- I know. It _ for  weeks. (04全国卷III)Ahasnt clean 

24、;  Bdidnt cleanCwasnt cleaned   Dhasnt been cleaned参考答案： DDCBC AABDC CBCDD CCBDD二易错题：1(2011年江苏南通二次调研)Will you be able to see Jennifer's parents when the first class is over?I'm afraid not.I _a lecture on British literature in the hall.Awill attend Bam attendingCwill be attendi

25、ng Dam going to attend意：第一节课后你能去见Jennifer的父母吗？恐怕不行。我那时将正在大厅听一场英国文学的讲座。will be doing是将来进行时，表示将来某一时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作或所处的状态。故选C。2(2011年江西九江六校二次联考)We _for cheap houses but haven't found _we like yet.Aare looking；one Bhave looked；itChave been looking；one Dlooked；them句意：我们一直在找便宜房子但是(到现在)仍未找到我们喜欢的(一所房子)。根

26、据语境可知，找房子这一动作一直在进行，所以用现在完成进行时指过去开始的动作一直持续到现在；第二空：one指代a前面提到的名词，即：a house。 答案：C。3(2011年海南琼海一模)When did you move to Qionghai?In 2009.But I _in Haikou for many years.Ahave worked Bwould workChave been working Dworked句意：你什么时候搬到琼海的？在2009年。但是我在海口工作了很多年。根据句意可知说话者说的是过去的事情，故用过去时，排除A、C两项；B项表示过去将来，也被排除。D项表示过去的

27、动作，符合句意。答案D。4(2011年全国大联考)I have called the station and they told me the next train for Dalian _at 310.Awill leave BleftChas left Dleaves句意：我给车站打了电话，他们告诉我下一班去大连的火车310发车。英语中表示轮船、飞机、火车的出发或到达时间时常用一般现在时。答案D。5When the old man_ to walk back to his house, the sun       its

28、elf behind the mountain. （05湖北）Astarted; had already hidden        Bhad started; had already hiddenChad started; was hiding            Dwas starting; hid答案：A 此题考查的是时态问题。此题句意为“当老人开始往家走时，太阳已经下山了”。太阳落山的动作发生在开

29、始往家走之前，即从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。故选A。三填空题：1. The machine _(repair)at this time of yesterday.2. Im sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. He_(prepare)for it for months.3. Because the shop _(close)down, all the T-shirts are sold at half price.4. In the US, people over that age of 65 _(call)senior

30、 citizens.5. She _(change)her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Guangzhou for a better job.6. We cant use the bridge now, because _(rebuild). 7. By the time Jenny gets home, her aunt _(leave)for London to attend a meeting. 8. I arrived late, I _(not, expect)the road to be so icy. 9. The h

31、eros story _(report)differently in the newspaper last year.10. I am still busy. I _(just,finish)my work, and it_(not,take)long.11. I _(stay)with my aunt and uncle because my parents have gone abroad.12. My brother is an actor. He_(appear)in several films so far.13. Look at the clouds! It _(rain), an

32、d I forgot to take the umbrella.14. The little girl _(reach) for a candy when her mother came in.15. It is said that a new hospital_(build)next year in this area.16. The unemployment rate in this district _(fall)from 6% to 5% in the past two years.17. Today Swiss watches_(sell)in stores all over the

33、 world.18. In the West, pointing with a single finger at a person while talking usually _(mean)that the person who is speaking is criticizing the person who _(point)at.19. All phone calls must _(answer) in time.20. Finally the boysheep _(eat)by the wolf. He cried and _(say)that he _(tell) a lie any more.参考答案：was being repaired; has been preparing; is closing; are called; had changed; it is being rebuilt; would have left; had n