高一英语必修三第八单元词汇

1、必修三第八单元核心单词讲解1. major adj.较大的；较多的；主要的n.专业vi .主修搭配：指出以下各个词组的汉语意思。(1) a major problem(2) major cha nges(3) play a major part (in)(4) major in English运用：用major翻译以下句子。(1) 我主要考虑的是钱的问题。Money is my.(2) 他在公司的开展中起着主要作用。Hein the developme nt of this compa ny.(3) 他的主修科目是法语。2. differ vi. 相异，有差异搭配：用适当的词(主要是介词)填空

2、。(1) differ (greatly/entirely) 和(大不 / 完全)不同(2) differ 就方面意见不同(3) differsb与某人意见不同(4) agree er求同存异联想：指出以下词组的汉语意思。(1) be quite differe nt from(2) be much the same as(3) be similar to(4) make a differe nee运用：用相关短语翻译以下句子。(1) 汉语和英语在发音上大不相同。Chin eseEn glish in pronun ciatio n.(2) 他的看法和我的完全不同。His opi nio n.

3、(3) 我认为这台电脑不会起多大作用。I don ' t think this computer will.3. risk vt.冒的风险n.冒险，风险搭配：用适当的词填空。(1) ( 用介词I the risk of 冒的风险 the risk of doi ng sth.冒险做某事 the risk of doi ng sth.减少做某事的风险risksth.冒险做某事risk one ' s 冒生命危险suggest,forbid,注意：risk用作及物动词时，不可用不定式，只能用动名词作宾语。 类似的动词还有：consider,advise, excuse, admit

4、, delay, fancy, avoid, miss, escape, finish, enjoy, mind, appreciate, allow, imagi ng, con sider等。运用：用不同的搭配翻译下面的句子。他冒着生命危险救了那个落水男孩。4. goods n.货物，物品用法：goods只用作复数，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。联想：以下是good用作adj.或n.时的一些搭配，请用适当的介词填空或用所给词的适当形式填空。(1) be good 擅长于(2) be goodsb对某人好(3) be good 对有好处(4) do goodsb.=do sb. good对某人有

5、好处It ' s no good (do)做没有好处运用：用所给词的适当形式填空。我认为这批货质量很差。I think the goods(be) of poor quality.5. equipment n.装备，设备用法：equipment是"设备，装备的总称，是不可数名词，表达"一件的意思时要用"a piece of/anarticle of 。表总称的类似单词还有： jewellery( 珠宝),cloth in g( 服装),furniture( 家具),luggage (行李)等。拓展：写出适当的词或用适当的词填空。(1) vt.装备(2) e

6、quip sb. / sth.sth. 用装备(3) be equipped 装备了(表示状态)写出与be equipped with类似的搭配:装满了盖上了混有摆上了(家具)武装了(4) be with(5) be with(6) be with(7) be with(8) be with运用：用改正句子中错误。(1) We are provided with the latest sports equipme nts.(2) Each room equips with a color TV set.6. preference n.偏爱，更喜欢的东西(可数)，偏心(不可数) 理解：理解以下各

7、例句的意思。(1) She has a prefere nee for blue.(2) My preferenee is for beef rather than lamb.(3) A teacher should not show prefere nee for any one of his stude nts.温馨提示：表示偏爱某人或某物,联想：用do的适当形式填空。1prefer sth.2prefer sth.3would/should prefersth.preferenee 后接介词 for。宁愿做某事习惯性动作宁愿做某事某一次具体动作宁愿做某事(4)prefer sb. sth

8、.宁愿某人做某事(5) prefersth, rather tha nsth.宁愿做不愿做(6)prefersth, to sth.宁愿做不愿做(7)prefer that宁愿做常用虚拟语气运用：用适当的词填空或用所词的适当形式填空。(1) Adam likes all fruit, but he has a prefere neeapples.(2) It doesn ' t matter to me. I have no(prefer).(3) He prefers(wateh) TV to(see) a film.(4) Rather tha n(ride) on a erowd

9、ed bus, he always prefers(take) a taxi.(5) She preferred that he(eome) home earlier.(6) She preferred him(spe nd) all day out.7. quantity n.数量与 quality 相对搭配：a large quantity of/large quantities of许多主要接不可数名词，但有时也接复数名词注意：a large qua ntity of加名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；large qua ntities of加名词作主语 时，谓语动词用复数。运用：用所给动词

10、的适当形式填空。(1) With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth (be) being washed awayeach year.随着更多的森林被毁，每年大量的优质土壤正被冲走。(2) A large qua ntity of air-c on diti oners(have) bee n sold since the temperature is high.因为气温很高，有大量空调售出。分类：以下单词或词组均可表达"许多"，请按其后所接名词的不同而归类：a lot of, lots o

11、f, scoresof, a large quantity of, quantities of, much, many, a great deal of, a large number of, a largeamount of, a large supply of , ple nty of, doze ns of, a good many， many a。8. tiring adj.使人疲劳的，累人的It was a long tiri ng day.那时漫长的累人的一天。拓展：用适当的介词或副词填空。(1) tire sb 使某人累极了(2) be tired 感到累极了(3) be tir

12、ed 厌烦(4) be tired 因而累辨析：根据两者的用法区别填空。(1) tiringadj.(使人疲劳的，烦人的)一般指。(2) tiredadj.(疲劳的，累的，烦的)一般指、人的表情或声音等。温馨提示：可以派生出类似形容词的及物动词有：bore, exhaust, amaze, con fuse,shock, surprise,in terest, excite, disappo int, ast oni sh, worry, please, satisfy, frighte n, terrify等。运用：用tire的适当形式填空。(1) I am tooto walk any f

13、urther. What ajob it is !(3) of readi ng, he stopped to watch TV.(4) Thetripme out.9. various adj.不同的，各种各样的用法：多作定语，后接复数名词。如：He failed for various reaso ns.由于多种原因他失败了。拓展：写出适当的词或用适当的词填空。(1) n.种类(2) vi. 变化，不同(3) vary 随变化(4) a variety/varieties 不同种类的运用：根据所给提示词翻译下面的句子。(1)在那一点上意见各不相同。 (vary ) 这个学院提供多种课程。(

14、varieties of )重要词组1. turn up; take off; break dow n注意:这三个词组在本单元都用作不及物动词，但它们也可用作及物动词，意思相差甚远。词组vi.vt.turn up出现，到场调大turn off起飞；(事业等)成功脱掉break dow n损坏，不能运转使分解联想：写出下面类似词组不同中文意思:词组vi.vt.pay offlook upset offlive on拓展：试一试，默写turn, take, break的常用搭配:turn转向；求助于某人turn走开；把某人拒于门外；驱逐turn翻开turn关掉turn调小，调低；拒绝turn上缴t

15、urn翻转，翻身turn背叛take带走take取回，退还take取下；记下，写下take认为，误以为take呈现take接收，接管break闯入；打断谈话等break闯入，破门而入break打断，折断break分解；解散，驱散；打散break脫离运用：翻译以下句子。1她直到会议结束才出场。 2请系好平安带，飞机就要起飞了。 他的小汽车在回家的途中坏了。 2. In order to do 为了用法：in order to后只能接动词原形，用作目的状语。其否认形式为：in order not to do例如：He is on a diet in order not to gain poun d

16、s.为了减肥他在节食。联想：有些短语与从句常可转换。请补全下面对应用法：中文意思不定式to do 状语从句为了，以便目的状语in order to doin order thatso as to doso that如此以致结果状语so as to doso thatsuch as to dosuch that温馨提示：so as to do 和so that 一般不能放在句首；in order that 和so that引导的目的状语从句 一般有 can/ could/ may/ might/ will/ would等情态动词。运用：完成句子我没有愚蠢到会相信你的话。I am notbelie

17、ve you.2为了天黑前到达，我们早早地动了身。We started earlyarrive before dark.3. in preparati on for为做准备the experime nt.Let' s collect new material in preparation for咱们收集新材料为实验做准备吧。拓展：翻译下面词组。in preparatio nprepare sth.prepare sb. for sth.prepare for/ make preparati ons forprepare to do sthbe prepared to do sth比较:

18、in preparation for禾口 prepare for/ make preparations for者E有“为做准备 的意思，但前者是介词结构，后者是动词结构，千万不可混淆。请补全下表的类似用法：中文介词结构动词结构搜索in search of需<in n eed of代替replace, take one ' s place负责take charge of拥有in possessi on of表扬in praise of庆祝in celebrati on of面对face控制in con trol of害怕in fear of保卫defe nd纪念honour解释in

19、 expla nati on of看见in sight of轮流take turns冒险at the risk of反对for/ aga inst乘车by bus穿过across过去pass? 运用：补全以下句子。?(1)她的婚礼在准备中。? Her weddi ng is.?(2)我们将轮流擦黑板。? We' IIto clea n the blackboard.?(3)过马路要小心。? Be careful whe n youthe street.(=Be careful whe nthe street)4. make progress取得进步；取得进展翻译：他到这儿以来没有取得什

20、么进步 .温馨提示： progress 是一个不可数名词，可以用 good， rapid ， great ， slow， much, some, no，little 等词来限定；make progress 的主语一般指人。运用：修改病句。(1)What a great progress they are mak ing!(2)My Chin ese has made rapid progress.5. run out of用完/耗尽run out用完了翻译：(1)我们的汽油快用完了。(2)The men were soon exhausted and were running out of f

21、ood.(3) 他已经失去耐心。He' shis patie nee.His patie nee has辨析：run out of是及物动词，但不用于被动结构，主语通常是sb.，宾语是sth.；而run out是不及物动词，主语是sth.比较类似情况，补全句子：(1) 我们的钱不够了。We are running short of money.=Our money is _ .(2) 我的工作进展很好。Imy work.=My work is getting on well.(3) 我不理解这个句子。I can ' t make sense of the sentence.=T

22、his sentence doesn ' t to me. 运用：完成句子。6. be worth doing 值得做用法：be worth后面用动名词的主动形式，表达被动意思，因而这个动词一定要用及物动词结构。比较：be worthy to be done= be worthy of being done运用：请翻译句子。(1)这个问题不值得担忧。This problem is not worth.=This problem is not worthy.=This problem is not worthy of.(2)我觉得这本书不值得再读一次。I don ' t thin

23、k the book w ortha second time.I don ' t think the book is worthya second time.I don ' t think the book worthy ofa second time.搭配 be worth 5 dollars 值 5 元be worth that price值那个价be well worth doi ng非常值得做联想：其它用主动形式表达被动含义的句子：填上适当的介词。(1) I have nothing to be afraid我没什么可害怕的。(2) The man is easy to

24、 get on这人容易相处。(3) The picture is pleasant to look这张画很好看。(4) The baby wants looking这个婴儿需要照顾。7. have difficulty (in) doi ng sth.做某事有困难用法：此处的difficulty用作不可数名词，意为"困难、艰难"，可以替换为trouble上 “n o, little, some, any, much, lots of, a great deal of等词修饰。常用在以下句型中,以省略，意思相同：have difficulty (in) doing sth.f

25、ind difficulty (in) doing sth.There is difficulty (in) doing sth.拓展：have difficulty with sb./sth.have problem (in) doing sthhave fun (in) doing sthhave a good time (in) doing sthhave a hard time (in) doing sth运用：用difficulty (in) doing sth翻译句子(1)我学英语一点也不费力。(2 )找到他的家有困难吗前面可以加in可8. as well as也，和一样用法：A

26、as well as B 重点在A,用作主语时谓语只和A保持一致。而在 not only A but also B ( 不仅A, 而且B)结构中，重点在 B,并列主语时谓语只和B保持一致，也就是所谓的“就近原那么。运用：选择填空(1) En glish, as well as many other subjects,(is/are) of great importa nee.(2) Not only the stude nts but also the teacher(wish/wishes) for a holiday.高级句型1. When I turned up for my first

27、 bun gee jump I was so n ervous that I tried to back out, but myfriends persuaded me to go through with it.结构分析：整句是一个由“but引导的并列句。第一个分句含有“ wherf引导的时间状语从句和“sothat引导的结果状语从句。该句的有用短语：turn up, so that,back out, persuade sbto do sth., go through with等。学以致用：用whenfor the first sothat,but翻译下句子。当我第一次参加工作面试时，我感

28、到太自卑inferior了以致我放弃，但是我的父母最终说服我接受这个挑战。ught that Marco ' s stories about3. Although people enjoyed readi ng his book, many of them thoChina were too fan tastic to be true.结构分析：该句含有“ although 引导的让步状语从句和“that 引导的宾语从句。该句有用的短语是:enjoy doing, too to 。学以致用：用although，tooto翻译以下句子。探险中幸存下来。虽然我被Scott的勇气所感动，但我

29、认为他们太草率以致没有从4. First, his two sledges broke dow n, and the n the horses bega n to have serious difficultieswith the snow and the cold.have结构分析：这是一个“ and连接的并列句。较好的词语有：firstthen,break dow n, difficulties with 。学以致用：用firstand then翻译以下句子。先是他们在沙漠中迷路了，后来他们的水和食物也没有了。同步练习随堂稳固单兀根底过关一、单词拼写。根据句子意思，用本单元单词的适当形式填

30、空。1. Do you know the ways of making(抱歉)2. There are vways of gett ing to the stati on.3. At last they succeeded in(组织)the concert .4. All work and no play makes Jack a dboy.5. A good teacher should have great pespecially whe n deali ng with a n aughty stude nt.6. It is raining outside and we can'

31、; t go(慢跑 )7.1 hated it if I ever had to take (口述) from him.8. I n the storm I took sun der the tree.9. A good sleeping bag is an essential part of every camper' s e10. It ' s good to your health drinking a small qof milk in the morning.二、词形区分。选择适当的词填空并翻译成汉语。(A. stuff B. staff1.1 have arran

32、ged that one of mywill meet you at the airport.2. This riversouthwest to the Atla ntic Ocea n. (A. flows B. flew C. flow n)3. I n n ature, all ani mals areand free. (A. wide B. wild)4. Camels are ships in the. (A. dessert B. desert)5. Some people developsick ness whe n climb ing high mountains.(A. a

33、ltitude B. attitude C. latitude)6. A largeof air-c on diti oners has bee n sold si nee the temperature is high.(A. qua ntity B. quality)三、 词类转换用所给词的适当形式填空。1. They pla nned toa scie ntific expediti on. (orga ni zati on)2. We waited for n ews with a grow ing sense of.(a nxious)3. I sympathize with you

34、; I've had aun happy experie nee myself. (similarity)4. The n ews caused great. (excite)5. The child wasin his tight boots. (comfort)6. It won't make muchwhether you go today or tomorrow. (comfort)7. Although my uncle is old, he looks very strong and. (health)8. His rude ness was bey ond my.

35、 (patie nt)9. I n the jun gle, they were drive n to extremes in order to.(survival)10. I am of Chinese.(nation )四、词组填空用本单元所学词组的适当形式填空或完成句子。break out, break dow n, take off, take up, differ from,run out of, get across, have difficulty, sta nd by, be an xious about1. At the meeting he didn' twell,

36、 so no oneknew exactly what his idea was.2. We typing paper and n eed to buy some at once.3. The mothersending her childre n to bed on Christmas Eve.4. A helicopter is ableand land straight up or dow n.5. My computer is always.6. If ano ther world war, what would become of huma n beings7. She willev

37、ery word she said.8. He was told that all accommodati on9. Imy brother ' s health.10. ChineseJapanese in writing as well as in pronunciation.五、语法填空阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词 语的正确形式填空。A lot of hikingholidays sound 1 ( excite ), but the reality is often very different.Hiking tr

38、ips can be uncomfortableand even 2(danger). 3 , atAdventure 2000 we 4( feel ) that we understand the needs of hikers. All our guideshaveseveral years of experie nee in leadi ng hiki ng trips in the Himalayas. They 5(know)all the best routes and best places to camp. We also realise that hik ing 6be h

39、ardwork and believe 7hikersneed all our help. As well 8the group guide,all teams have cooks and porters. While 9a hik ing trip, our cooks prepare deliciousmeals. And our porters carry your luggage, 10 mean that you can simply enjoy theexperie nee.Marco Polo was born in Italy in 1254. 1the age of 17,

40、 Marco Polo traveled acrossEurope and Asia with his father, 2 wan ted to trade with the Chin ese. In Ch ina, they were3 (welcome) by Kublai Khan, the Yua n Dyn asty Emperor. 4impressed him mostwas 5 people used paper money, 6 was not available 7 many years later.The black stone used 8fuel also con f

41、used him. Not lo ng after his return to Italy in1291, he was caught by his en emy in 9local war and put into 10.综合能力提升单项填空1. May I use your no tebook for a mome ntIf you, go ahead.A.shouldBcouldCmayD. must2. AIDS is a disease thatthe body's immune system.A.breaksupB. breaks dow nC. breaksoffD. b

42、reaks away3. The Quee n ' s Guards at Buck in gham Palace,arefamous for being polite andprofessi on al, usually can take full resp on sibilities.A. whoB.whichC.thatD. where4. Every morning, whe n I drive past the street corn er, I can always see a big signoutside the gas station,the price of gas

43、.A. sta nd;readi ngB. stood; readC.sta nding;readi ngD.sta nding; read5.Is this concertyou can't wait to attend with your friendsYou are absolutely right.A.thatB.whichC.theoneis often reported, alcoholso many Russia nsare addicted has caused manysocial problems in Russia.A. As;whichB. As; to whi

44、chC.Which;towhichD.As; with which7.Fruits are sold byweight in China.I know. But coal is sold byton.A.the;theB.the;aC./;theD./; atheCivilWar,theAmerica nblackpeople,dueto theirbackgro undandide ntity.were not allowedcollege.A.atte ndedB. atte ndingC.atte ndD. to atte nd9. The reas on why the earth s

45、uffers from serious Gree nhouse Effect is that a large qua ntityof rain forestssince the begi nning of the 20th cen tury.A. have bee n destroyedB. has bee n destroyedC. was destroyedD. were destroyed10. Although Stephe n Hawk ing were diag no sed with an in curable disease at the age of 21,hehis res

46、earch and made an outsta nding physicist.A.carriedonB. carried on withC. carriedoutD. carried through11. My car in sura neetomorrow. I must renew it.A.B. will run outC.willwillrunoutuseupD. will be used up12. Every test taker is required to finish the test papertwo hours in NMET.A. i nB.beyo ndC. wi

47、thinD.after13. The stude nts en tered the meeti ng halland take their own seats as arran ged.A.inturnB. by turnsC. onebyoneD. A or C14. My cousin, a 6-year-old boy, likes making trouble in the class time,makes hishead teacher an gry.A. thatB.whichC. whe nDwhat15. The majorityof my stude nts are.They

48、 have always bee n straight-A stude nts in allkinds of exams.A. amaz ingB.amazedC. amazeD. toamazeread ing畀 JChanging Roles: Stay-at-Home DadsBritish mecha nic Neil Walk in gshaw was look ing for a way to care for his n ewbor n child whe n he approached his boss with a proposal in early 2000.Relucta

49、 nt to hire a babysitter once hiswife ' s maternity leave 产彳假 en ded and she returned to work, Walk in gshaw asked if he couldswitch to part time hours in order to spend half of each day at home looking after his son. His employer refused, saying the paperwork would be“toomessy and that it would

50、 be difficultto get anyone to share Walk in gshaw ' s job. Knowing that the company he worked for had gra ntedsimilar requests to female employees, Walk in gshawsued on the gro unds of sex discrim in ati onOn November 20, 2001, an in dustrial court ruled that Walk in gshaw had bee n discrim in a

51、tedaga instand awarded him 3600 pound. The ruli ng is believed to be the first of its kind, and shows just how much views onpare ntalroles have cha nged over the years.As early as 30 years ago, few people questi oned the gen der roles that had bee n usual forcenturies. The traditional wisdom was tha

52、t a womari s place was in the home, and that a man ' smain responsibility to his family was to put food on the table. In the 1970s and 1980s, however, greater nu mbers of work ing wome nmeant that men were no Ion ger the only breadw inn ers. A father ' s involvement with his family also beca

53、me more important. Forty years ago, almost no husbands were prese nt in thedeliveryroom whe n their wives gavebirth. Today, it is gen erally expectedformale partnersto attend childbirth classes,be there for the delivery,andto take moreresp on sibility for childreari ng tha n their fathers or gran df

54、athers did.In additionto society ' s changing views of the role men play in childcare, social scientistsare also re-examining the contribution a father makes to his child' s welfare and development.Researchers have found evide nee to suggest that a father plays a role in child developme nt that is quite different from that of the mother. Accor