翻译复习(学生版)

1、  大学英语5级读写（提高班）翻译复习作业英译汉：1. The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的机声，令我特别神往。2.He was eloquent and elegantbut soft.他有口才、有风度，但性格软弱。3.His whole family were religious.他全家都是虔诚的教徒。4.When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist, his instinct is to

2、win him over with charm and humor.只要一发现有可能反对他的人，他就本能地要用他的魅力和风趣将这人争取过来。5.The decision has to come. 决定还没做出6.Characteristically, Mr. Harold concealed his feelings and watched and learned. 海罗德与众不同，他隐藏着自己的感情，边看边学。7.The frequency, wave length, and speed of sound are closely related.频率、波长和声速三者是密切相关的。8.Of v

3、isible light, red light has the longest and violet the shortest wavelength. 在各种可见光中，红光的波长最长，紫光的波长最短。 9.He tried vainly to talk us into agreement with the unrealistic proposal. 他试图劝说我们同意接受这项不切实际的建议，但还是白费了力气。（副词的分译） 10.They, not unexpectedly, did not respond. 他们根本没有答复，这是不足为奇的。（分译副词）11.For all its grea

4、t size, the machine moves noiselessly. 尽管这台机器体积很大,运转起来却没有噪声。12.Hemingway is an outstanding contemporary American writer.海明威是美国当代的优秀作家。 13. They have read little, but they have much experience. 读万卷书,不如行万里路。14. Down runs the river through the gorges. 1条 河通过峡谷。15.I wrote four books in the first three y

5、ears, a record never touched before. 我头三年写了四本书,一个没有触及到的纪录。16.Steel and iron products are often coated less they should rust.钢铁制品常常涂上油漆以免生锈。17.In every Chinese city, we got into the streets, shop, parks, theatres and restaurants.在中国, 我们每到一个城市, 就逛大街, 逛荡商店, 逛公园, 上剧场, 下饭馆.18.A glace through his office w

6、indow offers a panoramic view of the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial.从他的办公室窗口可以一眼看到华盛顿纪念碑和林肯纪念馆的全景。19.Hes our regular supplier of beverage.他定期向我们提供饮料。20.Day after day he came to his worksweeping, scrubbing, cleaning. 他每天来干活-扫地，擦地板，收拾房间。21.Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathem

7、atics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. 读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。汉译英：1山东曲阜是中国古代著名思想家，教育家孔子的故乡。Qufu, Shandong province, is the birthplace of Confucius, a well-renowned ancient Chinese thinker and teacher.2外高桥保税区Waigaoqiao Bonded Are

8、a位于浦东新区东北端，濒临长江口，距市中心20公里。Bordering on the estuary of the Changjiang River, , the zone is located in the northeast end of the Pudong New Area of Shanghai, 20 kilometers from the downtown district of the city proper. 3看到这惨状，大家立即陷入了恐慌，有人甚至有了打退堂鼓的心思。The sight of the miserable scene terrified the people

9、, some of whom even harbored the intention of making a retreat. The sight of the miserable scene threw people into such a panic that some of them even had the idea of making a retreat. 4 她伸出双手，掌心向上。She put out her hands, palms up.5.数以千计的船民被淹死，其中许多是小孩。Thousands of boat people were drowned, many of th

10、em children6.那一座书架上的书都是有关生态学的。7.The books on that shelf are all on ecology.8.大街上奔跑着各种品牌的汽车。9. Cars of different brands run along the street.（1） 原序对译例1：原文：当他活着一天，总要尽量多工作、多学习，不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白地浪费掉。（2005年真题）译文：As long as they are living, they always work and study as hard as possible, unwilling to dream th

11、eir life away, let alone waste even a single moment of their lives.（2） 例2：原文：一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，顿感被打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。（2003年真题）译文：Once I was deposed into a cold palace on the hillside of the garden, I suddenly felt I was neglected and became very depressed.（3） 例3：原文：我在山坡的小屋里，悄悄掀起窗帘，窥见园中大千世界，一片喧闹。（2003年

12、真题）译文：Without being noticed, I lifted the curtain in my small room, only to spy the bustle of a kaleidoscopic world down in the garden.（4） 例4：原文：其中有一半是近5年才来到温哥华地区的，这使温哥华成为亚洲以外最大的中国人聚居地。（1999年真题）译文：Half of them have come to Vancouver area the past five years only, making it the largest Chinese settle

13、ment outside Asia.分析：原文中“这使聚居地”是华人移民的结果，故而译为现在分词短语。（5） 例5：原文：我的导师是个亚裔人，嗜烟好酒，脾气暴躁（1997年真题）译文：My superior, an Asian American with a hot temper, was addicted to smoking and drinking.分析：原文的信息重心为“嗜烟暴躁”，确定为主干，从而将“是个亚裔人”译为同位语。（6） 例6：原文：中国民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切，在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出人在自然界中与万物占着一个比例较为恰当的地位，而非绝对统治万物的主宰。（20

14、06年真题）译文：Chinese people has never regarded human being as the highest creature among everything else since ancient times, whose behavior in both philosophy and arts takes a rather appropriate proportion with all others in the natural world, but not as an absolute dominant ruler.分析：这句话结构比较复杂，第一句为主句，后

15、面的小句是对第一句话的补充说明，省略了主语“中国民族”，可以用whose引导的定语从句来处理，简化句子结构。（2） 分句合译例1：原文：钓鱼是一项能够陶冶性情的运动，有益于身心健康。（2001年真题）译文1：Fishing is an outdoor sport that can help cultivate your mind and it is good for mental and physical health.译文2：Fishing is an edifying activity, conductive to both the body and the mind.例2：原文：一个人的

16、生命究竟有多大意义，这有什么标准可以衡量吗？（2005年真题）译文：Could there be any standards to evaluate the meaning of ones life?分析：“衡量”的宾语是前一个分句，即“生命的意义”，因此两个分句整合译为一句。例3：原文：求学是一件艰苦的事情，许多人不能忍受那必经的艰苦，所以不能成功。译文：To learn, actually, is to experience the indispensable pain and those who cannot get it over with can not become learned

17、. 分析：原文中“求学事情”与“许多人成功”在语义和逻辑上较为紧凑，可将该句译为一个并列句。（3） 断句分译例1：原文：一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，霎时宾客云集，笑语四溢。（2003年真题）译文：One spring evening, my parents held a banquet in the garden where all sorts of flowers were in full bloom. Instantly, a crowd of guests gathered together and their laughter was heard all over t

18、here.例2：原文：这次到台湾访问交流，虽然行程匆匆，但是，看了不少地方，访了旧友，交了新知，大家走到一起，谈论的一个重要话题就是中华民族在21世纪的强盛。（1998年真题）译文：The current visit to Taiwan for exchange,brief and cursory as it is,has enabled us to see many places,to visit old friends while making new acquaintances.An important topic for discussing at our gatherings was

19、 the prosperity of Chinese nation in the 21st century.（4） 主、次信息句例1：原文：在世纪之交的伟大时代，我们的祖国正在走向繁荣富强，海峡两岸人民也将加强交流，共同推进祖国统一大业的早日完成。（1998年真题）译文1：At the turn of the century, our motherland is becoming more prosperous and powerful. People across the Straits will strengthen their exchanges, and work together t

20、o realize the cause of the reunification of their motherland.译文2：At the turn of the century, as our motherland is becoming more prosperous and powerful, people across the Straits will strengthen their exchanges, and work together to realize the cause of the reunification of their motherland.译文3：At t

21、he turn of the century, our motherland becoming more prosperous and powerful, people across the Straits will strengthen their exchanges, and work together to realize the cause of the reunification of their motherland.分析：这个句子有三种处理方式。可以根据分句的不同主语，断句分译，译为两个独立的句子；也可以根据信息重心的主次，将次要信息“我们的祖国正在走向繁荣富强”译为时间状语从句

22、或者独立结构。例2：原文：很难说他什么时候回家，我得上床睡觉了。译文：There being no telling when hell be home, Ill have to go to bed now.例3：原文：这位民族英雄没有死，他的故事照亮了千百万人的心。译文：This national hero lives on, his story lighting up the hearts of millions of people.汉译英长句翻译的基本方法 合并法l合并法是把若干个短句合并成一个长句，一般用于汉译英。汉语强调意合，结构较松散，因此简单句较多；英语强调形合，结构较严密，因此长

23、句较多。所以汉译英时要根据需要注意利用连词、分词、介词、不定式、定语从句、独立结构等把汉语短句连成长句 Case 1l中国是个大国，百分之八十的人口从事农业，但耕地只占土地面积的十分之一，其余为山脉、森林、城镇和其他用地。 lChina is a large country with four-fifths of the population engaged in agriculture, but only one tenth of the land is farmland, the rest being mountains, forests and places for urban and

24、other uses.Case 2l农民缺乏培训，许多农场生产效率低，使得绝大多数农村人口在国内处于不利的地位。l译：Inadequate training for farmers and the low productivity of many farms place the vast majority of country dwellers in a disadvantageous position in their own country.长难句分析;1Despite the gathering of more information about ordinary women durin

25、g the nineteenth century，most of the writing about women conformed to the “great women” theory of history，just as much of mainstream American history concentrated on ” great men”(特殊结构as正如)尽管19世纪搜集了更多关于普通妇女的信息，但是关于妇女的大多数写作都遵循史学中的“伟大女性”理论，正如主流的美国历史较多关注“伟大男性”一样。分句1：Despite the gathering of more informa

26、tion about ordinary women during the nineteenth century分句2：most of the writing about women conformed to the “great women” theory of history分句3：just as much of mainstream American history concentrated on ” great men”1和2、3并列2、3并列2The end of the nineteenth century and the early years of the twentieth c

27、entury were marked by the development of an international Art Nouveau style，characterized by sinuous lines，floral and vegetable motifs，and soft evanescent coloration(特殊结构marked by以为标志、characterized by特征是)19世纪末与20世纪早期以一种国际新艺术风格的发展为标志，这一艺术风格的特征是：线条弯曲、以花卉和果蔬为主题，颜色柔和飘逸。分句1：The end of the nineteenth cent

28、ury and the early years of the twentieth century were分句2：marked by the development of an international Art Nouveau style分句3：characterized by sinuous lines，floral and vegetable motifs，and soft evanescent coloration2和3并列1和2、3嵌套3Although its influence continued throughout the mid 1920s, it was eventual

29、ly to be overtaken by a new school of thought known as Functionalism that had been present since the turn of the century(特殊结构known as被称为)尽管其影响在整个20世纪20年代中期继续存在，但最终还是被世纪之交以来就存在的新的思想流派功能主义所替代。分句1：Although its influence continued throughout the mid 1920s分句2：it was eventually to be overtaken by a new sc

30、hool of thought known as Functionalism分句3：that had been present since the turn of the century1和2并列2和3嵌套4This new design concept，coupled with the sharp postwar reactions to the styles and conventions of the preceding decades，created an entirely new public taste which caused Art Nouveau types of glass

31、 to fall out of favor(特殊结构coupled with加上)这一新的设计概念，加上战后对过去数十年风格与传统的强烈反应，产生了一种全新的公众品味，使得新艺术类型的玻璃不再受人欢迎。分句1：This new design concept分句2：coupled with the sharp postwar reactions to the styles and conventions of the preceding decades，created an entirely new public taste分句3：which caused Art Nouveau types o

32、f glass to fall out of favor1和2并列 2和3嵌套5Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal abilitydecades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders”(同位语从句evidence that)尽管领袖常被人认为是个人能力非比寻常的人，但是数十年的研究迄今未能提供一致的证据表明存在任何“天然领袖”类

33、型。分句1：Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability分句2：decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence分句3：that there is any category of “natural leaders”1和2并列2和3嵌套6Furthermore，although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader，rese

34、arch suggests that there are typically two different leader ship roles that are held by different individuals(复合句)而且，尽管一般人认为社会团体只有一位领袖，但是研究表明通常存在由不同个体担任的两个不同的领导角色。分句1：Furthermore，although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader分句2：research suggests分句3：that there are typically

35、 two different leader ship roles that are held by different individuals1和2并列2和3嵌套7Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them(特殊结构lessthan较少较多)善于表达的领袖较少注重团体

36、的整体目标，较多注重为团体成员提供情感支持，并尽力减少内部纷争和冲突。分句1：Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group分句2：than with providing emotional support to group members分句3：and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them1和2、3并列2和3并列8Equally important is the fact that the execution of mul

37、tiplestep tasks is accomplished in a seriesparallel sequence(倒装句)同样重要的是一个事实：多步任务是按照系列平行序列完成的。分句1：Equally important is the fact分句2：that the execution of multiplestep tasks is accomplished in a seriesparallel sequence1和2嵌套9Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate，or transitional，betwee

38、n land mammals and cetaceans (倒装句) 到最近为止，一直缺乏连接陆地哺乳动物和鲸目动物的明显的中间或过渡化石。分句1：Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate分句2：or transitional分句3：between land mammals and cetaceans1和2并列1、2和3嵌套10For example，people who believe that aggression is necessary and justified-as during wartimeare like

39、ly to act aggressively，whereas people who believe that a particular War or act of aggression is unjust，who think that aggression is never justified，are less likely to behave aggressively(whereas结构)例如，那些认为在战争中侵略是必要的和正当的人更有可能表现出攻击行为，而那些认为具体的侵略战争或行为是不公平的或永远都不正当的人不太可能表现出侵略行为。分句1：For example，people who b

40、elieve that aggression is necessary and justified-as during wartimeare likely to act aggressively分句2：whereas people who believe that a particular War or act of aggression is unjust分句3：who think that aggression is never justified分句4：are less likely to behave aggressively1和2、3、4并列2和3并列2、3和4嵌套句子结构分析70I

41、n taking up a new life across the Atlantic，the early European settlers of the United States did not abandon the diversions with which their ancestors had traditionally relieved the tedium of life 定语从句的处理(介词提前的定语从句：with which，其中which指前面的diversions)在越过大西洋开始新生活后，美国早期的欧洲移民并没有抛弃他们的祖先传统上借以解闷的消遣。分句1. In ta

42、king up a new life across the Atlantic，分句2. the early European settlers of the United States did not abandon the diversions 分句3. with which their ancestors had traditionally relieved the tedium of life1和2嵌套2和3嵌套1是2的状语，3是修饰 diversions的定语从句，relieve with的搭配中介词with提前。71 Farm dwellers in their isolation

43、not only found it harder to locate companions in play but also thanks to the unending demands and pressures of their work, felt it necessary to combine fun with purpose.用词度的把握(Farm dwellersnot only found it harder to，but alsofelt it necessary to为句子主干)单独居住的农场居民不仅发现在娱乐中很难找到伴侣，而且，由于来自工作的无休止的要求和压力，他们觉得必

44、须把实用目的与乐趣结合起来。分句1. Farm dwellers in their isolation not only found it harder to locate companions in play 分句2. but also felt it necessary to combine fun with purpose.分句3. thanks to the unending demands and pressures of their work, 1和2并列2和3嵌套1和2是not only but also的并列；2是3的原因状语，2省略主语Farm dwellers72The s

45、cientific investigation of an experience as private as consciousness is frustratingly beyond the usual tools of the experimental psychologist.找准主语(特殊结构asas像一样)对像意识这样个人化的经历的科学研究令人沮丧，它远非实验心理学家通常的研究工具所能胜任。分句1. The scientific investigation is frustratingly beyond the usual tools of the experimental psyc

46、hologist.分句2. of an experience as private as consciousness1和2嵌套2的of结构是1主语scientific investigation的定语。73Among the species of seabirds that use the windswept cliffs of the Atlantic coast of Canada in the summer to mate，lay eggs，and rear their young are common murres, Atlantic puffins，black-legged kitt

47、iwakes，and northern gannets Use意思的把握，主句，倒装(倒装句：Among the species of seabirdsare=are among the species of seabirds)夏天在加拿大大西洋沿岸迎风的悬崖上交配、产卵并抚育后代的海鸟中有普通海鸦、大西洋海鹦、黑脚三趾鸥和北部塘鹅。分句1. Among the species of seabirds are common murres, Atlantic puffins，black-legged kittiwakes，and northern gannets分句2. use the wind

48、swept cliffs of the Atlantic coast of Canada in the summer to mate，lay eggs，and rear their young1和2嵌套1是倒装结构，正常的句子顺序是：Common murres, Atlantic puffins，black-legged kittiwakes，and northern gannets are among the species of seabirds. 主宾颠倒，是因为宾语seabirds后边跟着一个定语从句2.74The advantage of nesting on cliffs is t

49、he immunity it gives from foxes, which cannot scale the sheer rocks，and from ravens and other species of gulls, which have difficulty in landing on narrow ledges to steal eggs.(The advantage of nesting on cliffs is the immunity it gives fromand from为句子主干)在悬崖上筑巢的一大优势是可以避开不能攀登峭壁的狐狸和很难在窄峭的突出岩石上立足来偷鸟卵的渡

50、鸦和其他鸥类。分句1. The advantage of nesting on cliffs is the immunity it gives from foxes,分句2. which cannot scale the sheer rocks分句3. and from ravens and other species of gulls, 分句4. which have difficulty in landing on narrow ledges to steal eggs.1和3并列1和2嵌套3和4嵌套1中省略which；3中省略it gives。2是1的定语从句；4是3的定语从句75The

51、ir distrust was caused，in part，by a national ideology that proclaimed farming the greatest occupation and rural living superior to urban living·(that引导的从句作ideology的同位语)他们的这种不信任部分是由一种全民性的思想意识引起的，这种意识宣称耕作是最伟大的职业，乡村生活优于城市生活。分句1. Their distrust was caused，in part，by a national ideology 分句2. that pr

52、oclaimed farming the greatest occupation and rural living superior to urban living·1和2嵌套2是1中a national ideology的同位语从句。76A few art collectors Tames Bowdoin III of Boston，William Byrd of Virginia，and the Aliens and Hamiltons of Philadelphia introduced European art traditions to those colonists pr

53、ivileged to visit their galleries，especially aspiring artistsand established in their respective communities the idea of the value of art and the need for institutions devoted to its encouragement(A few art collectorsintroduced European art traditions to those colonistsand establishedthe ideaand the

54、 need为句子主干)几个艺术收藏家，波士顿的詹姆士·鲍德温三世、弗吉尼亚的威廉·白尔德租费城的阿里昂夫妇以及汉密尔顿夫妇将欧洲艺术传统介绍给那些被特许参观他们画廊的殖民者，尤其是有抱负的艺术家们，并在他们各自的社区形成了艺术有价值和需要设立机构以鼓励其发展的观念。分析：此长句全为主句，没有从句。整句只能找主干与修饰部分，不能分主从句主干：art collectors introduced traditions to those colonists and established in the idea of the value of art and the need fo

55、r institutions修饰成分：（1） 几个人名并列：Tames Bowdoin III of Boston，William Byrd of Virginia，and the Aliens and Hamiltons of Philadelphia（2） 非谓语动词后缀修饰名词：privileged to visit their galleries修饰colonists devoted to its encouragement修饰institutions（3） 插入语 ，especially aspiring artists（4） 介词短语修饰谓语动词：in their respecti

56、ve communities 修饰 established77The achievements of the colonial artists，particularly those of Copley，West, and Peale，lent credence to the boast that the new nation was capable of encouraging genius and that political liberty was congenial to the development of tastea necessary step before art could

57、assume an important role in the new republic(The achievementslent credence to the boast thatand that为句子主干，两个that引导的两个从句都作boast的同位语)这些殖民地艺术家的成就，尤其是考伯莱、韦斯特和皮尔的成就，为新国家有能力鼓励天才和政治自由与艺术品味的发展相一致的宣言提供了凭证这是艺术，在新的共和国里担当重要角色之前所必须经历的一步。解析：主句：The achievements of the colonial artists lent credence to the boast同位语从句1：that the new nation was capable of encouraging genius同位语从句2：that political liberty was congenial to the development of taste 其中“引导的从句：a necessary step before art could assume an important r