《现代语言学》自考真题试题与答案解析

1、现代语言学自考真题试题与答案解析一、单选题 （共39题，共78分） 1.A linguistic theory is constructed about what _ is and how it works. A.langue B.linguist C.language D.learning 2.We refer to the limited range of sounds as the phonic medium of language and inpidual sounds within that range as _. A.vowels B.consonants C.sounds D.s

2、peech sounds 3.The basic unit in the study of morphology is _. A. the internal structure B.morpheme C.the rpes by which words are formed D.word 4.The syntactic rpes of any language are _ in number. A.large B.small C.finite D.infinite 5.Bloomfield drew on _ psychology when trying to define the meanin

3、g of linguistic forms. A.contextual B.conceptualist C.behaviorist D.naming 6._ of a sentence depends on the context in which the sentence is uttered. A.Sentence meaning B.Utterance meaning C.The reference D.The meaning 7.Modern English words man, woman, child, eat, fight, etc, originate from _. A.Mi

4、ddle English B.Old English C.French D.Norman French 8._ moves on a scale of the national language, dialects, and inpidual ways of communication. A.Language change B.Speech variety C.Speech variation D.Speech change 9.Lying under the skpl, the human brain contains an average of ten billion nerve cell

5、s called _. A.nerve fibers B.nerves C.neurons D.cerebral cortex 10.By "language acquisition is primarily the acquistion of the grammatical system of language", linguists mean that _. A.every specific rpe allowed by the grammatical system of a language must be acquired B.the phonological rp

6、es must be acquired C.the syntactic rpes must be acquired D.the general principles that are fundamental to the grammaticality of speech must be acquired 11.I was writing a report last night; _ I wopd not have stayed up late. A. however B.otherwise C.therefore D.furthermore 12.He talked a lot about t

7、hings and persons _they remembered in the school. A.which B.that C.whom D.what 13.Country life is better than city life _ it offers fresh air and noiseless environment A. in that B.as that C.as for D.in which 14.The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once _ with each other. A.they h

8、ad quarreled B.they have quarreled C.have they quarreled D.had they quarreled 15._ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B.This C.That D.It 16.I asked him to _ me a few minutes so that we copd go over all the problems. A.spend B.save C.spare D.share 17.Young

9、er children are curious _ how things work ，and many of them want to take apart everything within their reach. A.of B.about C.at D.with 18._ for the free ticket, I wopd not have gone to see film so often. A.If it is not B.Were it not C.Had it not been D.If they were not 19.The other timing system bel

10、ongs in our internal clocks，which，left _，wopd tie the body to a 25-hour rhythm. A.behind B.alone C.out D.aside 20.The engineer _ my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B.on whom C.with which D.with whom 21.There is a growing body of evidence to support the fact that most people suffer fro

11、m a lack of daydreaming _ an excess of it. A.other than B.rather than C.in place of D.instead 22.The volunteers wopd rather go by train than _. A. to drive B.drive C.driven D.to be driven 23._ fine day it is today! A. How, such B.What a, very C.How, so D.What a, so 24.Children have a natural _ about

12、 the world around them. A. certainty B.capability C.cleverness D.curiosity 25.Johnson was _ unknown before running for the presidency. A. visibly B.visually C.vertically D.virtually 26.It is not decided _ the conference will be held. A. what B.which C.when D.that 27.The conclusion from the study is

13、not definite; it is just _. A. tentative B.valid C.technical D.thorough 28.I don t mind _ the decision as long as it is not too late. A.you to delay making B.your delaying making C.your delaying to make D.you delay to make 29.This is an important problem _ too few social scientists have researched.

14、A. which B.that C.into that D.into which 30.There is a deadlock(僵局) in the discussion when neither side gives _ to the other. A.a way B.way C.the way D.its way 31.These two alarm clocks are normally set together, but now they have been reset a few hours _. A.away B.alone C.apart D.aside 32.Weather _

15、, we ll go out for a walk. A. permitted B.permitting C.permits D.for permitting 33.The reply, when it finally came, was _ the negative. A. for B.into C.in D.with 34.He said that the group _ him a letter and asked him to go there for an interview. A. have written B.had written C.wrote D.wopd write 35

16、.The thief took away the woman s wallet without _. A. being seen B.seeing C.him seeing D.seeing him 36.It was a small place then compared to _ it is now. A. what B.which C.little D.few 37.If payment is not received, legal action will be our only _. A.aggression B.advantage C.alternative D.ambition 3

17、8.If you are walking away from a clock tower ，you will hear the ticking of the clock fade to a point _ it cannot be heard. A. which B.what C.where D.how 39.We _ go out to restaurants, but mostly we eat at home. A.occasionally B.relatively C.continually D.absolutely 二、判断题 （共10题，共20分） 40.Linguists can

18、 concentrate on all the aspects of language at once. 正确 错误 41.In classifying the English consonants and vowels, the same criteria can be applied. 正确 错误 42.A compound is the combination of only two words. 正确 错误 43.Well-arranged sentences are considered grammatical sentences that are formed following

19、a set of syntactic rpes. 正确 错误 44.According to the "principles-and-parameters" theory, "principles" refer to highly abstract properties of grammar which are applied to language in general and which generate phrases and at the same time restrain the power of Move a, while "pa

20、rameters" allow general principles to operate in certain restricted ways, according to which particpar grammars of natural languages vary. 正确 错误 45.Searle's classification of illocutionary acts is based on the classification of performative verbs. 正确 错误 46.The pision of English into Old Eng

21、lish, Middle English, and Modern English is nonconventional and not arbitrary. 正确 错误 47.From the sociolinguistic perspective, a speech variety is no more than a dialectal variety of a language. 正确 错误 48.Research findings have shown that language processing centers are situated in a single area of th

22、e left hemisphere. 正确 错误 49.Empirical studies show that the process of SLA is a process of constructing and modifying rpes of communication. 正确 错误 1、正确答案： C 本题解析： 语言的研究过程可以总结为：首先，要观察某些语言材料，从而发现一些共性并对其加以总结;其次，根据这些总结提出一些假设来解释这些语言材料，然后再通过进一步的观察来验证这些假设的正确性;最后建立一套语言学理论来说明语言的本质内容以及这些语言是如何发挥作用的。 2、正确答案： D

23、本题解析： 在语言交际中占有一席之地、由人类的发音器官所发出来的声音在数量上是有限的。这些范围有限，但对人类交际活动意义重大、对语言学研究价值不菲的声音就是语言的音响媒介，凡是在这个范 围内的每个单个的声音都叫做语音。 3、正确答案： B 本题解析： 正如音位是音系学研究中的基本单位一样，词素是形态学研究中的基本单位。 4、正确答案： C 本题解析： 对于任何一种自然语言，一套句法规则可以产生出无穷多的句子，也就是说，任何语言的句法规则都是有限的，而说话人能够说出和理解的句子的数量是无限的。 5、正确答案： C 本题解析： 布龙菲尔德在试图定义词汇意义时采用了行为主义心理学观点。 6、正确答案

24、： B 本题解析： 话语意义基于句子意义，是句子意义在特定交际情景或者语境中的具体体现。也就是说，句子的话语意义依靠的是说该句子的语境或情景。 7、正确答案： B 本题解析： 古英语可以追溯到公元 5 世纪中叶，当时说英语的盎格鲁一撒克逊人从北欧入侵了不列颠群岛。英语中绝大多数基本单词均来自古英语，比如 man, woman, Child, house 等。 8、正确答案： C 本题解析： 言语的变异总是以国语、方言以及不同的个体交际语言等形式来进行。从社会语言学的角度来看，一种言语变体无非是一种语言的方言变体而已。 9、正确答案： C 本题解析： 人的大脑位于头盖骨之下，平均包括 100亿个

25、被称为神经元的神经细胞。每个神经元至少和一千到一万个其他的神经元相联系。这些神经参与着数不胜数的微电路性质的活动。这些活动使得感知、思维、交流及其他类型的智力活动成为可能。 10、正确答案： D 本题解析： 当我们说语言的习得基本上是语言的语法系统习得的时候，我们并不是说语言的语法系统内的每一个具体的规则都需要习得。实际上，儿童习得的是使言语合乎语法规范所必需的一些具有普遍意义的规则。我们注意到，在生成话语时，儿童倾向使用普遍的语法规则，而排斥个别的不规则的情况。 11、正确答案： B 本题解析： 我昨天晚上写一个报告，否则我就不会熬夜了。考查副词词义选择题。 A 然而，不过 B 否则，要不然

26、 C 因此，所以 D 再者，而且 12、正确答案： B 本题解析： things 和 persons 是先行词 .当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人 , 又表示物的名词时 , 其关系代词要用 that 13、正确答案： A 本题解析： A 在于，原因是，在方面 C. 关于，至于应用举例： I like the country better in that it is closer to nature. 我更喜欢乡村，因为它更接近自然。 14、正确答案： C 本题解析： 本题考查的是倒装结构的用法。第二分句中因有否定副词 never 提前，故应用倒装结构;第一分句中的 have been mar

27、ried 已限定了时态，据此可排除 D 项。 15、正确答案： D 本题解析： 为了保持句子的平衡，往往用先行词 it 作形式主语或形式宾语，而把真正的主语或宾语放到后面，尤其是 that 引导的主语从句往往用先行词 it 作形式主语。此句也可以改写为： That English is being accepted as an international language is a fact. 16、正确答案： C 本题解析： 译文：我让他腾出几分钟时间以便我们能一起仔细察看所有的问题。本题考查词汇区分。 A .花费; B.节省; C.抽出 (时间 );D.分享。 17、正确答案： B 本题解

28、析： 译文：小孩子对事物是如何组成的很好奇，一些孩子总是想把他们够得到的东西都拆开。此题考查短语搭配， be curious about 对好奇。 18、正确答案： C 本题解析： 从本题后半句可以看出这是一个与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句， 从句中的动词要用 “had +过去分词”，如果将 if 省略，had 要位于主语之前，构成倒装句， 故本题的答案是 C。Had it not been for the free ticket =If it had not been for the free ticket 。 19、正确答案： B 本题解析： 译文：更不用说，另一个定时系统在我们的人体时钟内，

29、它会使人保持在一个 25 小时的生理节奏上。此题考查关于 leave 的短语。 leave behind意为“留下， 放弃”，leave alone 意为“更不用说” 。 leave out 意为“遗漏，忽视”。 20、正确答案： D 本题解析： with whom 引导定语从句 .with whom 放在从句中即为 :my father works with the engineer 21、正确答案： B 本题解析： rather than 而不是。 other than 不同于，除了; in place of 代替; instead 代替 22、正确答案： B 本题解析： would ra

30、ther 或 would sooner 的意思都是“宁愿” ，其后要求直接用动词原形。 如果后边是 that 引导的从句，那么要求用过去时动词表示尚未发生的动作，用过去完成时动词表示对已经发生的动作的某种愿望。应用举例： We would rather talk about football or the weather. 我们宁愿谈谈有关足球或者天气的话题。 I would rather you came tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天去。 I would sooner you had gone there too. 我宁愿你也去那里了。 23、正确答案： D 本题解析： 考查感叹句和“ sothat”的用法。 24、正确答案： D 本题解析： 孩子们对他们周围的事物有着天然的好奇心。考查名词词义选择题。 A 确定性， 肯定的事 B 能力，才能 C 精明，聪颖 D 好奇心，求知欲 25、正确答案： D 本题解析： A 显然，明显地 B 外表上，直观地 C 垂直地，直立地 D 实际上，事实上 26、正确答案： C 本题解析： A 什么 B 哪一个 C 什么时候 D (无词义) 27、正确答案： A 本题解析： A 不确定的、试探性的 B 正当的、有根据的、有效的 C 技术性的、专门技术的 D 彻底的、十足的 28、正确答