英语句子结构分析-最新文档

1、英语句子结构分析了解英语句子的成分，掌握英语句子的结构，是英语阅读和写作的必备基础， 不但有助于正确理解英语句子的意思，而且也是写出正确英语句子的前提。本文分九组对英语句子结构作了全面的剖析。以下是两个有趣的句子， 你能分析其句子成分并理解其大意吗？1. I saw a saw saw a saw.2. I don t think that that that that that student pronounced is correct.分析与理解：1. I saw a saw saw a saw. (saw n. & v.锯)分析： I 是主语，第一个saw 是 see 的过去式，

2、作谓语；第二个 saw 是名词， a saw 的意思是“一把锯子”，在句中作宾语；第三个 saw是动词，意为“锯”，此处是省略了to 的不定式，作宾补；第四个 saw 同第二个 saw 一样是名词， 作第三个 saw 的宾语。句意：我曾看到一把锯子锯另一把锯子。2. I don t think that that that that that student pronounced is correct.分析：I dont thinkthat( 引导宾语从句 ).是主句；that( 第2 个，指示代词，修饰第3 个 ) that is correct是宾语从句；that( 第4 个，引导定语从句

3、，并在从句中作宾语) that(第5 个，指示代词作定语) student pronounced是定语从句。句意：我认为那个学生所发的那个音是不正确的。正确分析句子结构是正确理解句子意思的前提，掌握句子结构也是英语写作的必备条件。因此，我们有必要温习英语的句子成分，掌握句子结构。一、句子成分的名称1. subject主语2. predicate谓语3. object宾语6.attribute定语7. adverbial状语5. object complement宾补3. predicative表语8. appositive同位语9. parenthesis插入语二、句子成分的划分请看下面的九组

4、句子：Group one1. Mr. Spun is our English teacher.2. He seems to know everything.3. His hair turned gray.分析：本组句子都是“主系表”结构（S + link v. +P ）。英语中常见的系动词有 （1）表状态的 be；（2）表“看 ( 听/ 闻/ 摸) 起来”的 look,seem, appear,sound, smell,feel等；（）表示变化的become, turn, get, fall, go等；（）表示保持的 keep, stay, remain等。在系动词后作表语的主要是形容词，名词

5、、介词短语、非谓语动词，以及少数副词等也可作表语。Group two1. Mr. Spun swims every summer.2. Mr. Spun can swim across the river.3. Mr. Spun can swim and swims every summer.分析：本组句子都是“主谓”结构( S + vi. )。其中第1 句是简单谓语，第2 句是复合谓语，第 3 句是并列谓语。Group three1. I v just got a copy of this book.2. Do you want to read this book?3. I ll finis

6、h reading the book overnight.4. We often talk about good books.5. I think this book is well worth reading.分析：本组句子都是“主谓宾”结构( S + vt. + O )。英语中的及物动词（vt. ）和介词后通常要接宾语，不及物动词（ vi. ）不可直接带宾语；充当宾语的常有名词、代词（宾格）、不定式、动名词和宾语从句。Group four1. We call him Mr. Spun.2. We would like him to teach us.3. He makes his less

7、ons lively and interesting.4. We think it our duty to serve in the army.5. The situation makes it necessary that our product should be improved.分析：本组句子都是“主谓+复合宾语 ( 宾语 +宾补 ) ”结构。宾补用于补充说明宾语干什么、是什么、怎么样，故宾语和宾补有逻辑上的主谓或主表关系；充当宾补的主要是形容词，名词、介词短语、不定式、分词，以及少数副词也可作补语。注意，当不定式或从句作宾语，又需接补语时，要用it放在宾语的位置作形式宾语，将作宾语的

8、不定式或从句移到补语的后面，如本组的第4句和第 5句。Group five1. Mr. Spun teaches us English.2. Today he gave me some good advice on English studyand I bought him a gift.分析：本组句子都是“主谓+双宾语 ( 间接宾语 +直接宾语) ”。表示人的间接宾语通常放在表示物的直接宾语的前面，若要将间接宾语放到直接宾语的后面，需要加介词to或 for ，如本组第 2 句可改写为：Today he gave some good advice on English study to me

9、and I bought a gift for him.Group six1. Yesterday I got Mr. Spun a gift in a shop.2. I went to a shop to buy him a gift.3. Mr. Spun appeared very happy when he received thegift.4. Receiving the gift, Mr. Spun was very happy分析：句中划线部分为附加成分状语。状语修饰动词时，通常是说明动作发生的时间、地点、目的、原因或方式等；状语也可以修饰形容词或副词，表示程度，如very b

10、usy /well。作状语的通常有副词、介词短语、不定式、分词以及状语从句等。Group seven1. This is a nice gift.2. This is a gift as good as that one.3. The gift in this shop are all very good.4. The gift which I bought for Mr. Spun was a niceone.分析：句中划线部分为附加成分定语。定语是修饰名词，说明其状态、特征或属性等；作定语的常有形容词、介词短语、非谓语动词以及定语从句。单个单词作定语， 通常前置 ,短语或从句作定语，通常后

11、置。Group eight1. Mr.Spun, our English teacher, often plays with us students.2. He often says he feels at home here in China.3. I have a hope that we ll have a chance to go to Spuns country for a visit.分析：句中划线部分为附加成分同位语。同位语用于对其前面的名词、 代词或地点副词等作附加说明，它们属于等同的关系；充当同位语的一般为名词、介词短语或同位语从句。Group nine1. Xiao Min

12、g is not so clever; however, he works veryhard.2. Hopefully, all these waste materials will be properly treated.3. To our greatjoy,she has won the firstprizein thecontest.4. He is not quite good at computer, I think.分析：句中划线部分为附加成分插入语。插入语在英语句中仅仅增加某种语气，是一个不太重要的成分，故在句中与其它成分间常有逗号隔开；插入语常位于句首，句中或句尾。下面是根据以

13、上九组句子组成的一个完整的短文，建议同学们在正确理解其句子结构及其意思的基础上背诵下来：The young man is Mr. Spun from Australia. He works hard at Chinese here. And he has got a spare- time job as anEnglishteacher.Weallcallhim Mr. Spun. Mr. Spun teachesus oral English who could make his class lively andinteresting. Yesterday I went to a shop

14、to buy him a gift. And Spun was pleased with the nice gift for him. You can imagine that Mr. Spun, our English teacher, often playswith us students. And, hopefully, well have a chance togo to Mr. Spuns country for a visit.三、即时练习请划分下列各句的句子成分:1. You should study hard.2. The teacher got very angry.3. L

15、ast night I wrote a letter.4. Mrs. White looks after my children.5. The boy told me his story.6. We made Li Hua our monitor.7. The sun keeps us warm.8. I told him to open the window.9. We watched the train leaving the station.10. I think it difficult to finish the work.11. We all think that the TV i

16、s worth seeing.12. To our surprise, they arrived safe.13. The fact is very clear that our team will win thegame.14. I wonder where he came from.15. After graduation, she will work where she camefrom.16. He will work on the farm where he came from.答案：1. You should study hard.主 谓状2. The teacher got ve

17、ry angry.主系 表3. Last night I wrote a letter.状主谓宾4. Mrs. White looks after my children.主 谓宾5. The boy told me his story.主 谓双宾语6. We made Li Hua our monitor.主谓宾宾补7. The sun keeps us warm.主谓宾宾补8. I told him to open the window.主谓宾宾补9. We watched the train leaving the station.主谓宾宾补10. I think it difficult to finish the work.主谓（形）宾宾补（真）宾11. We all think that the TV is worth seeing.主同谓宾语从句12.To our surprise, they arrived so soon.插入