宾语从句大全教学提纲

1、宾语从句第一部分：宾语梗要宾语是动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词 的词、短语来担任。当然，也可以由一个句子来充当，称之为宾语从句；英语的及物动词后必 须有宾语；除及物动词有宾语之外，英语介词后面也要有宾语；某些形容词如 worth,careful等后也可有宾语；宾语有直接宾语和间接宾语之分。即指人的间接宾语和指 物的直接宾语，这两个宾语统称为"双宾语"。一不同词类作宾语1. 名词作宾语She is playing the piano now.2代词作宾语We all like him.She does n't know me.3

2、. 数词作宾语Give me four.4. the+形容词/v-ed/v-ing结构作宾语。1) The young should respect the old .2) They went to help the dying and the wounded.3) They are searchi ng for the lost .二. 非谓语类作宾语1 不定式作宾语We all like to go to school.注意：I don' t know what to do n ext.2动名词作宾语，The boss hates workers' complaining.

3、三从句类作宾语I thi nk he is right.Do you un dersta nd what I mean?I asked whether there are any chemist's shops in this street.Give him whatever he n eeds.We can rely on whomever we can trust.She will give whoever n eeds help a warm support.四两种特殊带宾语的结构1. 一些形容词可有宾语常用的情感形容词有： sure, afraid ,glad ,pleased

4、 ,happy ,worried ,sad ,sorryThe book is worth reading.2 .介宾结构Are they liste ning to the professor?Are they satisfied with us?He passed the exam by cheati ng.五. it用作形式宾语(基本用法)I think it no need talking about it with them.He makes it a rule n ever to borrow mon ey.Did you make it clear why she did n&#

5、39;t come?I thi nk it very stra nge that he goes out walki ng almost every ni ght.She won t like it if you arrive late.六. 双宾语有些及物动词可接两个宾语(双宾语)，即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语。1. 常用句型为主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语。Give me a cup of tea, please.You don't n eed to show him how to do it.He has told me where they lives.2. 下面几种情

6、况，通常要用介词to或for弓起的短语：1) .当直接宾语是人称代词(it /them )时。如：The watch is Li Lei's. Please give it to him. 。2) .当强调间接宾语时。如：Mother cooks breakfast for us every day.3) .当间接宾语比直接宾语长时。如：On the bus, he ofte n gives his seat to an old pers on.4）由 to 连接间接宾语的动词有：give, le nd, bring, show, tell, write, sen d, ha nd,

7、teach,offer, sell, promise,” pass ,take 等.5）由 for 连接间接宾语的动词有：buy, make, leave, do, choose, order, sing, win, cook,get等宀注意： I will ask him a questi on.I will ask a questi on of him.七. 同源宾语（Cognate Object ）少数不及物动词能带一个在词根上与动词相同或相近意义的宾语，即同源宾语1. 能带同源宾语的动词有：lead, live, die, sleep, dream, breathe, smile, l

8、augh, fight, run,sing 等。Under the leadership of the Party, the peasants are living a happy life.I dreamed a terrible dream last ni ght.Our soldiers fought a won derful fight aga inst the floods last August.He died a heroic death.2. 同源宾语前面可带形容词作定语。这时，“动词+定语+同源宾语”的结构在意义上相当于“动词+与定语意义相同的状语”。二者相比，前者语气更强一

9、些。We slept a comfortable sleep last ni ght.（=We slept comfortably last ni ght.）Professor Smith died a sudde n death last Wedn esday.（=Professor Smith died sudde nly last Wed nesday.）注意：同源宾语前面通常带有定语。fight a good fightbreathe a deep breathlaugh a foolish laughsmile a forced smile3. 同源宾语的修饰语是形容词最高级或含有最

10、高级意义时，该同源宾语常可以省去。You should run your fastest （ race）.The old man breathed his last （ breath）this morning.第二部分宾语从句学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态。比较下面几个句子I don't know the phone nu mber.I don't knowwhat ' his phone number is.I don't knowif this is his pho ne nu mber.在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句详解一.

11、宾语从句的分类:.1作动词的宾语：I heard that he would come here later on.2 作介词的宾语：He said nothing about who broke the window last ni ght.3 作形容词的宾语：I am sure I will pass the exam.二. 宾语从句中引导词（连接词）的用法分三类：从属连词 that（陈述句）,if,whether （是否），、连接代词 who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever , whatever, whichever 等.连接代 词一般指疑问，

12、但what, whatever除了指疑问外 也可以指陈述.连接畐词 when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.找出并翻译下列句中的宾语从句1 He told me that he would go to the college the n ext year2 I don't know if there will be a bus any more.3 Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.4 Do you know who has won Red Alert game?5 The book

13、 will show you what the best CEOs should know.6 He didn ' t tell me when we should meet again.7 Could you please tell me how you use the new panel （新的操作盘）？8 None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.（一） that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略） 只起连接作用，无词意，通常第一个that可省。可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：say, thi nk, in

14、 sist, wish, hope, dema nd, imag ine, won der, know, suppose,see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, expla in, order, comma nd, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mea n no tice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report 等。The boy believes that he will travel through space to other pla nets.2在以下情

15、况中that不能省略1） 、当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的 that不可省。I believe （ that ）you have done your best and that things will get better .2） 当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that 一般不可省。Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.当that从句是双宾语

16、中的直接宾语时，that不可省。lean ' tell him that his mother died.4）当 it 作形式宾语时例句：She made it clear that she had nothing to do withhim .5） 当宾语从句前置时That our team will win ， I believe .6）. that从句单独回答问题时。如：What did he hear? 他听说了什么事？ That Kate had passed the exam.（他听说）凯特考试及格了。3宾语从句的否定转移当主句谓语动词是think, believe, su

17、ppose,expect等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。I don ' think it is right for him to treat you like that.注意：、1）主句的谓语动词是thin k,believe,imag in e,suppose,c on sider,expect,fa ncy,guess等，并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时，从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.I don ' believe that man is killed by Jim,is he? I expect our E

18、n glish teacher will be back this weeke nd, won't she/he?Wesuppose you have fini shed the project, have n't you?如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词（不包含带有否定前缀的词,如: unhappy，unfair ， dislike 等）,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.We find that he n ever liste ns to the teacher carefully, does he?2）当主句的主语是第、二人称时，其反义疑冋句一般与主句保持一致。Yo

19、ur sister supposes she n eeds no help, does n't she?You thought they could have completed the project, did n't you?They don't believe she's an engin eer, do they?She does n't expect that we are coming so soon, does she?3）在think,believe,suppose,guess等及物动词及 I'm afraid 等表达的后面，可用

20、so或not代替一个宾语从句，so代替肯定句，not代替否定句，该宾语从句通常是上文 提到的一件事。Are we late?-1' m afraid so.-Do you think he will come?-No,I think not./I don ' t think so.注：I don 't think /believe/suppose/expectso.这种结构不能用于动词guess 和hope,guess 和 hope 只能用 I hope/guess not.（二）由whether,if 引导的宾语从句whether和if通用，都表示“是否”的意思。一般

21、来说，后者比较正式，在口语中前者 常用来代替后者。但两者有时具有不同的暗示。用whether时，正反两面的选择意义较强，问话人并不在意回答是肯定还是否定；而用if时，则比较强调单方面，即正面，问话人希望得到肯定的回答。另外，还要注意从以下六个方面的高频考点：一、whether和if都可以与or not连用； 但whether和or not写在一起时，或在动词短 语后，只能用whether，不能用if。如： I don't care whether （ 或 if） it will rain or not I don't care whether or not it willrai

22、n.（不用 if） I don't care about whether or not it will rain. （不用 if） 二、在引导宾语从句时，应注意：1表示“是否”时，两词都能引导宾语从句。 I don't know whether/if I will be able to come.我不知道我是否能来. She asked me whether/if I was in terested in work ing for her.她问我是否有兴趣为她工作。 We'll be told tomorrow whether we should take the ex

23、am or not.我们明天才知道是不是应该参加考试. I asked him whether he had done all the work himself or whether he had had anyassistanee.我问他这些工作都是他自己做的还是别人帮他做的 I won der if/whether you can exam ine him now（注意：在两个供选择的从句之间若用 or字，则须重复whether 一字.）注：当强调宾语从句并将其提前时只能用whether。，如:Whether I'll have time to go with you I am n

24、ot sure.我很难说我们是否有时间跟你们一起去。2、宾语从句移置句首时，用 whether，不用if。Whether it is true or not ， I can't say .=I can't say whether/if it is true or not3、宾语从句为否定形式时，通常用if，而不用whether。I asked Tom if Marywouldn' come .4、动词discuss，decide, consider等后习惯上也常用 Whether引导从句，不用if。whether和if 的区别三、在下列情况下，只能用 whether，不

25、能用if。1与不定式连用时，只能用 whether .He can't decide whether to accept or refuse .2、在介词后，只能用 whether。Everyth ing depe nds on whether he is ready .I don't care about whether or not it will rain.3、在名词后作同位语时，只能用 whether。The questi on whether they ought to stop worki ng was discussed among the workers .I

26、have no idea whether he is there .4、引导主语从句时，只能用 whether。Whether he comes or not does n't concern me.5、引导表语从句时，只能用 whether。What Maria does n'tknow is whether there will be eno ugh snow .6、当whether和or not连用时，只用 whether不用if。如：I don' t know whether or not he will come. 我不知道他是不是回来。I'll be

27、 happy whether/if I get the job or not我能不能得到那份工作都一样高兴。注意：当or not放在whether引导的从句句尾，则可以用if来替换。7、 当whether和or连用表示明确的选择时，只用whether不用if。He asked me whether I wan ted to go there by train or by bus.他问我是想乘火车还是坐公共汽车去那里。He hesitated about whether he should drive or take the train.他开车去还是坐火车去 ,犹豫不决注:whether和or连

28、用还可以引导让步状语从句，此时也不用if。如：We'll go on with the work, whether we can find the n ecessary tools or not.不管我们能否找到所需的工具，我们要把这件工作做下去。Whether or not it rains / Whether it rains or not, we're playi ng football on Saturday.无论下不下雨，我们星期六一定踢足球.8、在动词不定式之前，只能用 whether，不能用if。 The question is whether to go to

29、Mun ich or Vie nn a.问题是去慕尼黑还是去维也纳. She does n't kn ow whether to get married now or wait.是否现在结婚或是等待她不知道。 We were won deri ng whether to go today or tomorrow.我们弄不清是今天走还是明天走 . rm not sure whether to resig n or stay on. 我拿不准主意是辞职还是留任 .四、if可引导条件状语从句，译作“如果”，whether可引导让步状语从句，译作“不管、无 论”。If I were you，

30、I would not buy .Whether he agrees or not ， I shall go there .We'll go on with the work, whether we can find the n ecessary tools or not.不管我们能否找到所需的工具,我们要把这件工作做下去。Whether or not it rains / Whether it rains or not, we're playi ng football on Saturday.无论下不下雨，我们星期六一定踢足球.五、whether和if均可用来引导主语从句，但

31、if引导的从句不能位于句首。Whether they win or lose is all the same to me.他们是赢是输於我都一样.（此时whether不能换作if ）,It's doubtful whether there'll be any seats left.说不上还有没有空座位了 .（此句 whether 能换作if）六、表语从句、同位语从句用 whether引导不用if.The doubt was whether you had broken the beautiful vase.疑问是你是否打坏了这只漂亮的花瓶。The questi on wheth

32、er we'll build ano ther lecture build ing has n't bee n settled.是否要另建一幢教学楼的问题还未决定。（三）连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这 种结构的动词常常是： see, say, tell, ask, an swer, know, decide, show, find out, imag ine, suggest, doubt, won der, discover, un dersta nd, inform, advise等。 连接代词：

33、who,whom,whose,which,what在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。连接代词一般指疑问，但what, whatever除了指疑问外，也可以指陈述.Do you know who has won Red Alert game?你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏么？The book will show you what the best CEOs should know.这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么Have you determ ined whether you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗

34、拉的电话了吗？ 连接副词有：when,where,why,how在句中担任状语的成分。He didn 't tell me when we should meet again.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.Could you please tell me how you use the new pan el?你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗？None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.四.宾语从句的时态时态：1、主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。 例句:The head

35、master hopes everything goes well.2、主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。例句:She was sorry that she hadn ' t finished her work on time.3、当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现 在时态。例句:The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.五宾语从句中的语气虚拟语气的用法虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测，建议等含义，虚拟 语气所表示的含义不

36、是客观存在的事实。1. Wish(表现在-> 过去时；表过去-> 过去完成时；表将来->would+do )I wish I were a bird and could fly freely .I wish I had met that film star yesterday. How I wish it wouldn ' t rain tomorrow .2. 在表示含有“愿望、建议、命令”等词的各种从句中，从句的谓语动词用(should +do )一坚持二命令三建议四要求i-和-s双重性In sist , order, comma nd, advise, sugg

37、est , propose, dema nd, desire, request, requirein sist/suggestEg: The teacher suggested that he (should) read En glish aloud.He required that we (should) work all right.It was suggested that the meeting (should) be put off next week.The suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off till next week

38、 surprised us a lot.The suggesti on is that the meeti ng (should) 注：suggest表“暗示”，表明之意时，insist表示“坚持认为，硬要说”之意时，不用虚拟。The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.He in sisted that he was a Party member and be sent to the front.六

39、、宾语从句的特殊式1. 复合连接代词在宾语从句中的使用。如：Sarah hopes to become a frie nd of whoever shares her in terest.(whoever= anyone who /any pers on whOThese wild flowers are so special I would do whatever I can to save them. (whatever= anything thatIt is gn erally con sidered un wise to give a child whatever he or she

40、wants. whatever在此匕处是泛指，不可被 what 替代。而“ lean 't remember at the mome nt who has said the words”中的who表特定的某人，不可以改成 whoever。2. it作形式宾语，从句作真正宾语。、(1) 动词 + it + important / necessary / natural / etc. + thatclause。 that clause 中谓语动词前可加should，亦可省略。如:I think it importa nt that you(should) atte nd the confe

41、ren ce.(2) 动词+ it + as + 名词/形容词+ clause。如：The lecturer takes it as encouraging when so many students attend his lecture.(3) 动词 + it + 介词 + thatclause 。常见的有：owe it to sb. + thatclause (把归功于某人)，leave it to sb. + thatclause (把留给某人去做)，take it forgran ted+ thatclause (想当然)，keep it in mi nd+ thatclause (记

42、住)。如：I just took it for gran ted that he' d always be around.You may depe nd on it that he will turn up in time.你可以相信他会及时赶到的。You may depe nd on it that we shall always help you.(尽管放心，我们会随时帮你的。、宀I' II see to it that all these letters will be sent to the post before twelve.我将注意.Would you see t

43、o it that she gets home early?(你负责保证她早到家，好吗？He in sisted on it that he was innocent.(他坚持说自己是无辜的。I leave it to your own judgeme nt whether you should do it.(我让你自己判断这事是否该做。亠 ，“，一十+We owe it to you that there was n 't a serious accide nt. (多亏了你才没有发生严重事 故。 .(4) 某些表示“喜怒哀乐”的动词，如 like, enjoy, love, hat

44、e, dislike, prefer, appreciate 等，往往不能直接接宾语从句；或者当它们后接if从句或when从句，通常应先在动词后接it作形式宾语。I don't like it that he ' s so lazy.(我不喜欢他那么懒惰。) 丄I don't like it when shop assistants follow me around.我不喜欢店员跟在我后面 .I hate it if you say such thi ngs in public.我讨厌你在大庭广众之下说那样的事。He hates it whe n people talk

45、 with their mouths full.他讨厌别人边说话边吃东西。I' d prefer it if I didn' t have to do so much work.要是我不必做那么多工作那就太好了。I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with it.感激。（5.）用于have it that（说，认为）,take it that（认为）等个别固定表达中。如：I take it （that） you agree.我以为你同意了。Report has it that about 30 people were killed in the accident.据报道.注意：若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替We all co nsider what you said to be un believable.我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.We discovered what we had lear ned to be valuable. 我们发现简化宾语从句的方法方法一：当主句谓语动词是 hope, decide， wish， choose, agree， promise 等